青虾无水低温保活运输初探

<正>低温保活运输是根据水产动物生态冰温,采用控温方式,降低新陈代谢,使其处于半休眠或者完全休眠状态,以减少机械损伤、延长存活时间的方法。分为带水低温保活运输和无水低温保活运输,其中后者摒弃了传统的带水运输,降低了运输器具的体积和重量,同时也降低了运输成本,可方便地进行车辆和航空运输。目前,有一些研究者已经对不同种类的虾在低温无水运输方面做了不同程度的研究,并取得一定的成绩,但对青虾进行无水低温保活的研究还未见报道。孙宁用海绵和木屑作为填充物,对罗氏沼虾进行无水     

牙鲆在低温无水保活过程中的生化变化

牙鲆（Ｐａｒａｌｉｃｈｔｈｙｓｏｌｉｖａｃｅｕｓ）属于鲽形目，鲆科，牙鲆属。近几年，随着海水鱼类养殖业的发展，牙鲆的养殖产量有了明显增加。以日本为代表的国外渔业发达国家相继开发了机械充氧高密度运输技术，最近几年又将生态冰温技术开发应用于部分海产动物的无水干运，并对日本对虾无水活运中的生化变化进行了研究［古庄真喜１９８９］。在我国，海水动物活运技术也得到了提高，殷邦忠等［１９９４、１９９６］采用低温法无水活运菲律宾蛤仔、魁蚶获得了成功。但到目前为止，国内外关于牙鲆低温无水保活过程中生化变化的研究未…     

海水鱼的保活运输

常见的水产动物保活运输有增氧法、麻醉法和低温法。而冰温无水保活运输具有运载量大、无污染、质量高等优点，是海水鱼保活运输的发展方向。     

日本对虾活体干法运输技术研究

介绍了日本对虾无水保活运输的捕捞、暂养、包装、贮放、运输等技术。     

水产品活运原理与方法

综述了国内外水产品保活运输的研究进展和影响水产品保活运输存活率的五大因素(水产品种类与体质、氧气供给量和消耗量、温度、水质环境和水产品的应激性)，介绍了运用麻醉、生态冰温、常规降温和模拟冬眠等方法进行水产品保活运输的原理，同时对水产品保活运输方法的发展趋势也进行了预测。     

有水与无水保活运输对大菱鲆生理应激及鱼肉品质的影响

为探究大菱鲆分别在有水及无水条件下运输过程中生理生化指标及肌肉品质的变化,为大菱鲆的保活运输提供参考。将大菱鲆进行暂养、降温、充氧包装后进行模拟运输,并在运输不同时间段取样,检测大菱鲆生理生化指标及肌肉指标。结果显示,模拟运输18 h后,有水运输组和无水运输组中的大菱鲆存活率仍为100%。大菱鲆肌肉中水分含量、粗脂肪、pH、糖原、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和腺苷酸(AMP)含量显著降低,乳酸和肌苷酸(IMP)含量升高。其中,有水运输组中的大菱鲆AMP含量降低了38.65%,IMP含量增加了29.1%,无水运输组中的大菱鲆AMP含量降低了12.83%,IMP含量增加了28.47%。大菱鲆血液生化指标中,葡萄糖、尿素氮和皮质醇含量显著升高。运输过程后,无水运输组中大菱鲆生理应激及能量代谢指标的变化幅度均小于有水运输处理组中的大菱鲆。此外,低温无水运输组大菱鲆肌肉中呈味核苷酸IMP和AMP含量显著高于有水运输组,表明低温无水运输增加了大菱鲆呈鲜味物质的含量,提高了鱼肉风味。研究表明,低温无水保活技术在活鱼运输中具有广泛的应用前景。     

鱼贝类生态冰温无水活运研究进展

随着市场对鲜活鱼贝类需求的加剧,保活运输技术的研究成为热点。低温可使鱼贝类呼吸减弱、新陈代谢降低,进入"冬眠"状态,便于无水保活运输。鱼贝类生态冰温无水活运的关键工艺包括生态冰温的确定、梯度降温、贮运环境、唤醒。本文主要介绍了生态冰温原理、技术特点以及一些关键工艺方法,分析了鱼贝类生态冰温无水活运过程中需要注意的技术点,如鱼贝类品类、运输装备及运输途中各环节的有机衔接等,并对已有生态冰温无水活运技术进行了总结,指出该技术未来研究趋势及方向,为优化、完善鱼贝类生态冰温无水活运体系研究提供参考。     

浅谈商品鱼不耐运输的对策

一、根据所运商品鱼的种类、数量、规格、体质以及运途的远近等具体情况,选择最经济、最方便和最稳妥的运输方法。对于大宗食用商品鱼中的有鳞鱼类,在长途运输情况下,便可选用开放式运输;而对无鳞鱼类,则可选用无水湿法运输。对于观赏性商品鱼,其中的热带鱼类,由于种类多、规格小,则可选用封闭式运输;而对于普通金鱼,则可选用麻醉运输,以降低运费。二、根据商品鱼的来源情况,应在运输前作适当处理。对于来自人工饲养的有鳞商品鱼,则在运输前应将其并池锻炼,同时停食两天,以适应高密度环境,提高抗运输能力。而对于来自于大水面或其他天然水域…     

文蛤无水保活及水溶性蛋白组成变化初步研究

为研究和改进文蛤等贝类的保活技术,研究比较了4℃低温无水法、冰块降温法以及常温无水法对文蛤的保活效果,分析了3种保活条件下文蛤的存活率、感官品质、肌肉糖原含量以及水溶性蛋白组成的变化趋势。结果显示:采用4℃低温无水法保活效果最好,第7天文蛤的存活率达到78%;采用冰块降温法保活,第3天文蛤的存活率达到79%;在常温无水条件下,第2天文蛤的存活率就仅有49%,第3天几乎全部死亡。3种保活条件下,随着保活时间的延长,文蛤的感观评分均呈现下降趋势,常温无水保活仅在第2天就超出可接受水平,4℃无水保活和冰块降温保活分别在第8天和第5天超出可接受水平。4℃无水保活过程中,文蛤的糖原含量曲线在开始时缓慢下降,第4天时出现一个剧烈的下降过程(P0.05),随后下降趋于平稳;冰块降温保活,文蛤肌肉糖原含量在第5天开始出现较大幅度的下降(P0.05);常温无水保活,第1天文蛤肌肉的糖原含量即显著下降(P0.05)。采用3种方法保活,随着时间的推移,文蛤肌肉中水溶性蛋白的蛋白条带均逐渐变浅,常温无水保活电泳条带在第2天发生明显变化,4℃无水保活在第8天发生明显变化,冰块降温在第6天发生明显变化,说明在保活过程中部分水溶性蛋白发生降解。     

水产品保活运输技术

本文介绍了国内外水产品活动运输的研究概况，对活体运输中的生理特征和影响因素及应采取的一些措施作了阐述，同时对水产品保活运输的一些新技术作了介绍，并例举了鱼、虾、蟹、贝类和鳖在活体运输中所采用的一些方法。     

Optimal Conditions for Long-distance Transportation of Live Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) and Changes in their Characteristics during Transport

Optimal transport conditions for the live black rockfish and changes in their characteristics during long-distance transport were investigated. Oxygen consumption by black rockfish was lowest at 4°C and increased as the water temperature increased up to a maximum at 10°C. At a water temperature of 8°C and 10°C, the plasma glucose concentration of the fish was 36.2 and 38.2 mg/dL, respectively. The mean weight of the fish reduced to approximately 2.8% of initial weight after 16 days of storage at 8°C. The fish did not feed, and the survival rate of fish stored for 16 days at 8°C was 98.4%. The longer the live fish were stored in the container, the quicker the onset of rigor mortis after the slaughter was reached. Compared with fillets from control fish, the chewiness of fillets was somewhat lower (17.3%) after storage of fish for 16 days, but the softness of the fillets was slightly higher (21.6%). From these results, it was suggested that the optimum temperature for long-distance transport of the live fish was 8°C and that the long transport period of live fishes decreased their fillet quality more rapidly after fish death.     

Survival and serum biochemical responses of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus during simulated waterless live transportation

Waterless live fish transportation is an alternative and promising transport strategy, which may reduce shipping costs, increase stocking density and improve survival of some species. Spotted sea bass is one of the most economically important marine fish in China. However, waterless transportation has not yet been studied on spotted sea bass. To explore the possibility of waterless transportation of spotted sea bass and its sublethal stress responses, the survival rate and dynamics of blood biochemical parameters were evaluated in the present study by preserving it under no water, less water and water (control) conditions for 9 hr. The serum biochemical parameters including total protein, cortisol, glucose, lactate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total carbon dioxide (TCO₂), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) were investigated. Results showed that the survival rates of fish in all groups gradually declined with time increasing. At the end of transportation, the survival rates in the control group, less‐water group and no‐water group decreased to 49.11%, 15.60% and 23.96% respectively. Significant changes were observed in several selected serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, lactate, ALT, TCO₂, BUN and ammonia during simulated waterless transportation, which might negatively affect the physiological homeostasis of fish, leading to the high mortality in present study. In general, waterless transportation of spotted sea bass was possible, but it might be rather suitable for short time than long time.     

鲻鱼亲鱼活体运输试验

本文比较了运输鲻鱼亲鱼的几种方法。试验结果表明，用活鱼运输车进行循环洒水运输，运输量大，操作简单，运输效果最好，是较为实用的一种方法。     

Development of a method for live octopus (Octopus vulgaris) transportation for long distance at high densities

The development of new octopus‐based products with a growing economic value ensures the commercial interest of this species, making live octopus export an activity of great interest. The aim of this study was to develop a method for long‐distance transportation of live octopus at high densities. The system was composed by 220‐L tanks with cooling and aeration, where the animals were kept separated from each others. The water temperature was maintained at 10°C, after a decreasing of 1°C/hr. Live octopus transportation was tested for 48 hr at two densities: 50 kg/m³ and 100 kg/m³. During this period, water parameters were monitored. Stress response was evaluated through the analysis of haemolymph, muscle and brain tissues. No mortality was registered after 48 hr for both treatments. In all trials, water quality remained within the normal limits in both densities; there was, however, a significative increase of ammonia levels in the water. Ammonia, dopamine and Hsp70 levels were analysed in the beginning and at the end of the experiment for both densities; however, no significant differences were found among them. In general, this system seems to be a viable solution for live octopus 48‐hr transportation at a density of 100 kg/m³.     

活海鲜流通产业化的运输方法和技术

本文阐述了海水活鱼的运输方法、运输技术、运输典例及运输效益,指出在海水网箱养殖业快速发展的今天,活海鲜的流通具有非常广阔的发展前景.随着科学技术水平的不断提高,南鱼北运北鱼南调已不是梦想,活海鲜的流通正在初步形成产业化.     

Relationship between body weight and loading densities in fish transport using the plastic bag method

Abstract. The transportation of live fish in sealed plastic bags was examined. Water parameters and loading densities were analysed. Based on several assumptions an estimation of oxygen consumption during transport was performed indicating that metabolism during transport was about three times higher than routine metabolism. There was some evidence that small fish were more affected by transportation stress, and that large fish need a longer starvation time before transport to reduce ammonia excretion sufficiently.