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1.
为评价鲖爱德华菌口服微球疫苗对斑点鲖的免疫效果,实验以天然高分子聚合物海藻酸钠和鲖爱德华菌灭活疫苗为材料,制备鲖爱德华菌口服微球疫苗。将实验动物随机分为鲖爱德华菌微球疫苗组、鲖爱德华菌灭活疫苗组、空微球组和对照组,以拌料口服方式进行免疫,通过检测血清中溶菌酶活力、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力、补体替代途径(ACH50)活性等非特异性免疫指标,抗体效价以及相对免疫保护率评价疫苗免疫效果,采用荧光定量PCR检测口服疫苗对斑点鲖免疫相关基因表达量的影响。结果显示,鲖爱德华菌口服微球疫苗能够较长时间增强斑点鲖非特异性免疫功能;血清凝集效价于第5周达到峰值,为1∶16,免疫后第7周仍可检测到特异性抗体;口服鲖爱德华菌微球疫苗的斑点鲖获得的抗鲖爱德华菌相对免疫保护率为60.7%,远高于灭活疫苗组(14.3%)及空微球组(10.7%);荧光定量分析结果显示,攻毒后48 h相比攻毒前各免疫基因表达量均有上调,鲖爱德华菌微球疫苗对受免鱼肾脏、脾脏中免疫基因的表达影响尤为明显。结果表明,鲖爱德华菌口服微球疫苗能增强斑点鲖非特异性免疫功能,对鲖爱德华菌病起到一定的预防作用。  相似文献   

2.
大菱鲆迟缓爱德华氏菌福尔马林灭活疫苗研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以大菱鲆为免疫对象,采用0.5福尔马林灭活的方法,将迟缓爱德华氏菌制成全菌疫苗,验证了其具有可靠的安全性。以浸泡和注射两种免疫接种方法对养殖大菱鲆14d内进行2次免疫,第二次免疫后第10天,对免疫鱼和各自的对照鱼进行爱德华氏菌的人工感染试验,获得注射接种疫苗的大菱鲆对腹水病的免疫保护率为70,浸泡接种疫苗的大菱鲆对腹水病的免疫保护率为35。表明注射和浸泡接种迟缓爱德华氏菌全菌疫苗都能使大菱鲆对腹水病产生免疫效果,并且注射免役效果优于浸泡免疫。  相似文献   

3.
嗜水气单胞菌疫苗免疫效果研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
选取对鲤鱼毒力强的嗜水气单胞菌菌株制成灭活疫苗,研究疫苗的免疫保护效应.采用甲醛灭活制备疫苗,分别对鲤鱼进行注射和浸泡试验,测定白细胞吞噬活性、淋巴细胞转化能力、血清、皮肤黏液的抗体效价及活菌攻毒后的免疫保护率.结果表明,受免鱼各项指标均明显高于对照组,注射组免疫保护率达90%,其中浸泡组各项略低于注射组.嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗对鲤鱼有显著免疫保护效应,可作为预防细菌性败血症感染的疫苗.  相似文献   

4.
采用鳗鲡源嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)和迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)外膜蛋白基因二联表达产物免疫日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica),检测其对日本鳗鲡免疫功能的影响及其攻毒免疫保护力。将150尾日本鳗鲡平均分为PBS、细菌免疫和外膜蛋白免疫3个组,3组鳗鲡分别以PBS(0.01 mol/L,p H7.4)、嗜水气单胞菌与迟缓爱德华氏菌二联灭活苗(5.0×108 CFU/m L)、嗜水气单胞菌与迟缓爱德华氏菌外膜蛋白二联表达产物(500μg/m L)腹腔注射0.2 m L。于免疫后14、21和28 d麻醉鳗鲡采血并分离抗凝血。测定3个时间点鳗鲡血浆中特异性抗体效价和同时期鳗鲡血浆、体表黏液、肝和肾组织匀浆液中的溶菌酶含量,同时检测3个时间点鳗鲡全血细胞的转化水平。免疫后28 d,嗜水气单胞菌和迟缓爱德华氏菌分别腹腔注射感染3组鳗鲡并测定其相对免疫保护率。结果表明,免疫后14 d和28 d,灭活菌和外膜蛋白免疫组的抗体水平均极显著高于PBS组(P0.01)。溶菌酶检测结果表明,不同处理组不同时间段血清、黏液和肝肾组织悬液的溶菌酶含量存在显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)差异。免疫后14 d灭活菌组全血细胞转化水平显著高于PBS和外膜蛋白组(P0.05),而21 d两个免疫组则均显著低于PBS组(P0.05)。活菌感染结果表明,灭活菌和外膜蛋白免疫后28 d对两株病原菌的攻毒相对免疫保护率均比PBS组提高了50%(P0.05)。本研究结果表明鳗鲡源嗜水气单胞菌和迟缓爱德华氏菌外膜蛋白二联表达产物免疫日本鳗鲡后可提高鳗鲡的免疫功能及其对这两株菌的抵抗力,从而可能应用于鳗鲡基因工程疫苗的研发。  相似文献   

5.
鳗源迟缓爱德华氏菌菌蜕的构建及制备条件优化   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
菌蜕具有完整细菌表面抗原结构, 可诱导机体的体液和细胞免疫应答, 成为疫苗制备的候选之一,为了探讨鳗鲡迟缓爱德华氏菌菌蜕疫苗的可行性, 实验采用基因重组技术构建了噬菌体PhiX174裂解酶基因(Lysis E)的温控表达载体, 转化迟缓爱德华氏菌, 成功制备其菌蜕, 并对菌蜕形态、溶菌动力学、裂解效率以及制备条件等进行了研究。结果表明, 细菌菌蜕表面形成溶菌孔道, 细胞因内容物流失而发生明显的皱缩; 构建的迟缓爱德华氏菌诱导后1 h开始裂解, 5 h后裂解基本完成, 裂解效率为99.99%, 冷冻干燥后重悬涂布平板, 未检出活菌, 电镜观察表明冻干前后细胞形态未见明显变化; 构建的迟缓爱德华氏菌分别在OD600值为0.4和0.6进行诱导, 其裂解过程和裂解效率没有明显区别; 分别用LB、BHI、NB 3种培养基进行比较研究, 其中LB培养基制备的菌蜕细胞较完整、裂解完全, 是制备迟缓爱德华氏菌菌蜕最优培养基。本研究成功构建了鳗源迟缓爱德华氏菌菌蜕, 并对其制备条件进行了优化, 为鳗鲡爱德华氏菌病疫苗开发奠定了基础。  相似文献   

6.
2006年9月山东胶南某养殖场大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)发生病害,从患病大菱鲆脾脏分离出优势菌株WY28,人工感染试验证实WY28菌株对大菱鲆和斑马鱼(Danio rerio)有较强的致病性,其对大菱鲆和斑马鱼的半数致死剂量(LD50)分别为39cfu/g(Bw)(3.3×102cfu/ind)和2.1×104cfu/g(Bw)(6.4×103cfu/ind).综合该菌在形态与生理生化特征及16S rDNA同源性等方面的实验结果,确定WY28菌株为迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda).该菌对先锋霉素V、庆大霉素、氟哌酸、痢特灵等抗生素敏感.WY28菌株经福尔马林灭活制成灭活疫苗,对大菱鲆进行腹腔注射免疫,免疫后第4周测得免疫鱼血清中抗迟缓爱德华氏菌的抗体效价平均为1:1 280.免疫后第6周.免疫鱼血清中抗迟缓爱德华氏菌的抗体效价达到更高水平(平均值为1:3 289.6).攻毒试验表明,受免鱼的相对存活率明显高于对照组.由此可见,利用从病鱼体内分离的迟缓爱德华氏菌菌株制备的灭活疫苗能使大菱鲆较有效抵御迟缓爱德华氏菌强毒株的攻击.  相似文献   

7.
制备灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)福尔马林灭活菌苗,通过浸泡、注射和口服3种方式接种美国红鱼(Sci-aenops ocellatus),分别在接种免疫后第7、14、21、28、35天采鱼血,检测其血清抗体效价、溶菌酶活力和白细胞吞噬活性;第28天用1.0×108CFU/mL的灿烂弧菌悬液进行攻毒试验,检测菌苗的免疫效果。结果表明,各免疫组血清抗体效价在第21天达到峰值,且浸泡组和注射组的血清抗体效价高于口服组;在35d实验期内,各免疫组的血清溶菌酶活力有明显提高,各浸泡组和注射组于免疫接种后14d显著高于对照组(P<0.05);除浸泡3组外,其余各免疫组的白细胞吞噬百分比(PP)和吞噬指数(PI)在免疫接种后14d均较对照组有显著差异(P<0.05);各组受免鱼对人工攻毒均具有保护作用,以注射2组的免疫保护率最高,达77.8%。  相似文献   

8.
在水温(25±1)℃下,给平均体质量(80±5)g的斑点叉尾鮰Ictalurus punctatus腹腔注射福尔马林灭活的鮰爱德华氏菌(Formalin-killed Edwardsiella ictaluri,FKE)后,第2、4、6、8、14、21,和28d测定外周血液免疫指标,并在免疫后第28天进行攻毒试验。结果显示:注射鮰爱德华氏菌灭活菌苗后,斑点叉尾鮰外周血红细胞和白细胞数量显著升高,白细胞分类组成变化显著,吞噬细胞的吞噬活性与凝集抗体效价显著上升。第4d免疫组红细胞和白细胞达峰值2.52×106/μL和4.67×105/μL,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);单核细胞、中性粒细胞、吞噬细胞分类百分比和吞噬指数均在第4d达到峰值,分别为22.3%、5.67%、39.3%和4.33,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);淋巴细胞分类百分比、凝集抗体效价在第21d达到峰值,分别为54.33%和1:341.33,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。攻毒试验结果表明:免疫组相对免疫保护率为64.3%。福尔马林灭活的鮰爱德华氏菌免疫后,斑点叉尾鮰获得较强的抗鮰爱德华氏菌感染保护能力,为进一步研究斑点叉尾鮰肠道败血症的免疫奠定基础。  相似文献   

9.
制备灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)福尔马林灭活菌苗,通过浸泡、注射和口服 3种方式接种美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus),分别在接种免疫后第7、14、21、28、35天采鱼血,检测其血清抗体效价、溶菌酶活力和白细胞吞噬活性;第28天用1.0×108CFU/mL的灿烂弧菌悬液进行攻毒试验,检测菌苗的免疫效果.结果表明,各免疫组血清抗体效价在第21天达到峰值,且浸泡组和注射组的血清抗体效价高于口服组;在35 d实验期内,各免疫组的血清溶菌酶活力有明显提高,各浸泡组和注射组于免疫接种后14 d显著高于对照组(P<0.05);除浸泡3组外,其余各免疫组的白细胞吞噬百分比(PP)和吞噬指数(PI)在免疫接种后14 d均较对照组有显著差异(P<0.05);各组受免鱼对人工攻毒均具有保护作用,以注射2组的免疫保护率最高,达77.8%.  相似文献   

10.
采用延伸PCR技术拼接副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus VpATCC17802)的外膜蛋白K基因ompK和鞭毛蛋白A基因flaA,获得融合基因flaA-ompK。制备高纯度的r-OmpK,r-FlaA及r-FlaA-OmpK蛋白。分别以所制备的OmpK、FlaA-OmpK和混合蛋白OmpK+FlaA作为免疫原,通过口服及注射的方法免疫黑石斑鱼(Centropristisstriata),研究其免疫原性及对野生副溶血弧菌(Vp89)感染的免疫保护作用。ELISA分析结果表明,注射FlaA-OmpK组抗体效价最高,是OmpK组的2倍,是混合蛋白组的4倍,注射FlaA-Ompk提供的免疫保护率达到80%。本工作制备了FlaA-Ompk肠溶口服微球疫苗,口服免疫组血清抗体效价低于注射组血清抗体效价,口服FlaA-Ompk提供的免疫保护率达到50%。研究结果显示融合蛋白FlaA-Ompk具有良好的免疫原性,可作为多元弧菌疫苗抗原成份。  相似文献   

11.
Vaccination strategies have traditionally been used as preventative or prophylactic measures against disease (prophylactic immunization) in uninfected fish. Alternatively, therapeutic or remedial measures, such as antibiotic administration, are commonly employed to treat disease in infected fish. Vaccination as a therapeutic measure (therapeutic immunization), however, has not been adequately explored in sub‐clinically infected fish. Therapeutic and prophylactic immunization with three Streptococcus iniae vaccines, formalin‐killed whole S. iniae cells (FKC vaccine), concentrated S. iniae extracellular products (greater than 2 kDa) (ECP vaccine) and a combination of killed cells and extracellular products (FKC+ECP vaccine), were tested in hybrid striped bass, Morone chrysops×Morone saxatilis, previously naturally infected with S. iniae. Fish (mean weight 10.0 g) were injected intraperitoneally (IP) or intramuscularly (IM) with one of each of the vaccines, tryptic soy broth (TSB‐control) or non‐injected (non‐injected control) to evaluate therapeutic effects (Trial 1). Survivors of the natural infection and ECP and FKC+ECP vaccine immunization and another lot of non‐injected control fish were immersion challenged with 1.47 × 106 CFU of S. iniae mL?1 at 44 days post‐immunization to evaluate vaccine efficacy (Trial 2). Hybrid striped bass (1.0 g) were also IM injected with S. iniae ECP vaccine at an aquaculture facility and immersion challenged with 1.47 × 106 CFU of S. iniae mL?1 12 weeks post‐immunization (Trial 3). The ECP and FKC+ECP vaccines, regardless of injection route, significantly (P<0.001) increased survival in asymptomatic, sub‐clinically infected fish thereby providing therapeutic merit. Hybrid bass immunized IP or IM had mean per cent survival values ranging from 78 to 96 at 44 days post‐immunization (Trial 1) and 69–97 post challenge (Trial 2). Survival of fish injected with TSB or immunized with FKC vaccine was significantly lowered and ranged from 12 to 13 by IP injection and 40 to 50 by IM injection and thus, the FKC vaccine had no therapeutic effect. The survival of hybrid striped bass IM immunized with S. iniae ECP vaccine in field Trial 3 was 91 and the RPS was 83. These results demonstrate that therapeutic immunization using S. iniae ECP and FKC+ECP vaccines can control a natural S. iniae infection. Furthermore, S. iniae ECP or FKC+ECP vaccines can also be used prophylacticly to protect hybrid striped bass against subsequent pathogen challenge.  相似文献   

12.
With the development of gene technology, expressing heterologous antigens in attenuated bacteria has become an important strategy to design multivalent vaccines. In our previous work, an attenuated Vibrio anguillarum named MVAV6203 was developed and proven to be an efficient live vaccine candidate. In this research, we aimed to express protective antigen glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) of Edwardsiella tarda in attenuated Vibrio anguillarum to establish a multivalent V. anguillarum vector vaccine. Several strategies were compared between low‐ vs. high‐copy plasmid‐mediated antigen expression, in vivo‐inducible vs. constitutive antigen expression and intracellular vs. surface‐displaying antigen expression. Zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton), was applied as the fish model to evaluate the immune protection of the V. anguillarum vector vaccine candidates. Our results demonstrated that V. anguillarum MVAV6203 (pUTatLNG40), which harbours a low‐copy plasmid‐loaded antigen surface display system under the control of a constitutive promoter, presented the best protective efficacy against the infection of Vibrio anguillarum (relative per cent survival, RPS = 85%) and Edwardsiella tarda (RPS = 70%).  相似文献   

13.
Enteric septicemia of cattish (ESC), caused by the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri, has become the most significant disease problem affecting the commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, industry in the United States. Although antibiotics are used extensively for the control of ESC, there are inherent problems associated with their use. Consequently, experiments were initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination program that used immersion and oral delivery methods to administer a killed E. ictaluri vaccine to fry and fingerling channel cafish. In a preliminary pond study with laboratory challenge, mortality in a group vaccinated with a combination of immersion and oral procedures was only 5.0% in both high- and low-dose challenges. This was significantly different (P c 0.01) from non-vaccinated controls, which had 46.7%mortality in the lowdose challenge and the 6 1.7% mortality in the highdose challenge. This corresponds to relative percent survival (RPS) values of 89.3 and 91.9 respectively. Subsequent field trials further indicated the efficacy of a vaccination program for the prevention of ESC in channel catfish. In 1987-1988, a field study was conducted using 12 commercial ponds, with three replicates of four treatments. The four treatments included vaccination by immersion only, oral only, a combination of both immersion and oral procedures, and non-vaccinated conwols. Relative percent survival was 57.4 for the immersion only treatment, 50.3 for the oral only treatment, and 53.5 for the combination immersion and oral treatment. In 1989-1990, no significant difference was found between vaccinated and non-vaccinated fish. However, in 1989-1990, a vaccine-oil emulsion was topcoated on a floating feed, rather than incorporating vaccine in a sinking pellet. In 1990-1991, overall mortality in vaccinated fish was significantly less (P < 0.05) than non-vaccinated fish, with 41.2% mortality in vaccinates compared to 63.5% in non-vaccinated fish, for an RPS of 35.1. In examining RPS values for individual farms, two farms had excellent results, with RPS values of 81.3 and 76.9; two farms had only moderate success, with RPS values of 26.6 and 15.4; and one location had greater mortality in the vaccinated fish than in the non-vaccinated fish. However, that farm had only two ponds in the study and experienced significant losses to proliferative gill disease in the pond with vaccinated fish.  相似文献   

14.
In this work, we evaluated the effect of the inclusion of different adjuvants in the vaccine formulation against Lactococcus garvieae in comparison with an aqueous bacterin. The aqueous and non mineral oil adjuvanted vaccines (Montanide-ISA-763-A and Aquamun) yielded a good protection 4 weeks after the immunization (RPS of 82.6, 84.8 and 86.9, respectively). The protective rates obtained for the adjuvants Montanide-IMS-2212 (water based nanoparticles with immunostimulant) and Carbomer (high molecular weight polymer organic of polyacrylic acid) were 45.7% and 56.5%, respectively. We also evaluated the duration of protection confered by Aquamun adjuvanted-vaccine in comparison with the aqueous bacterin. Three months after vaccination, the RPS values obtained with the aqueous vaccine was 40% whereas with the Aquamun adjuvanted-vaccine the protection increased to values of 92%. In addition, a long lasting protection was observed with this adjuvanted vaccine with RPS values of 90% and 83.3% in the challenges performed at 6 and 8 months post-vaccination, respectively.  相似文献   

15.
Mucosal immune barriers confer protection against invading fish pathogens. Here, we conducted an experiment for 60 days to assess the mucosal and systemic immune response in Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), an Indian major carp. Fish were immunized with inactivated Edwardsiella tarda by four different routes, namely, oral, immersion, injection, and anal intubation. An indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the specific immune response (antibody) in serum and mucus (collected from skin, gill, and gut) of the fish on 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days postimmunization. For specific immune response in the serum, significantly higher (p < 0.05) optical density (OD) values were obtained in the anal group (0.52 ± 0.03) and in the oral group (0.48 ± 0.03). In the skin mucus, significantly higher OD values were obtained in the oral group (0.48 ± 0.04) and immersion group (0.32 ± 0.03). In the gill mucus, significantly higher OD values were obtained in the oral group (0.82 ± 0.08) and the immersion group (0.73 ± 0.03). In the gut mucus, significantly higher OD values were obtained in the immersion group (0.080 ± 0.007) compared to the rest of the treatments. Fish from all the groups were challenged with LD50 dose of E. tarda at the end of the experiment. We conclude that oral and immersion immunization routes offer better protection of C. mrigala compared to other antigen delivery routes.  相似文献   

16.
链球菌病是威胁我国罗非鱼养殖产业健康发展的重要病害之一。为研制出免疫效果好、操作简便的罗非鱼链球菌病疫苗,本研究构建重组表达无乳链球菌Sip蛋白的穿梭质粒pNZ8124-Sip,通过酶切和测序验证后电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000,获得能够诱导重组表达无乳链球菌Sip蛋白的乳酸菌活菌载体疫苗。采用SPS-PAGE电泳摸索最佳诱导浓度和诱导时间以获得最大表达量,通过镍柱纯化目的蛋白并进行Western blot检测;利用不同浓度的重组乳酸菌活载体疫苗灌胃口服免疫尼罗罗非鱼,采用间接ELISA法测定免疫后血清抗体水平变化,通过人工腹腔注射感染无乳链球菌获得相对免疫保护率。研究结果显示,构建的重组乳酸乳球菌可通过nisin诱导表达大小为48 ku特异性蛋白,与目的蛋白大小一致;PAGE电泳显示,重组蛋白主要以可溶蛋白和包涵体2种形式存在,其中胞内可溶性蛋白浓度达7.65 mg/mL;诱导表达的最佳条件为100 ng/mL nisin诱导6 h;Western blot检测结果显示,诱导蛋白可与鼠抗His标签抗体特异性结合。口服免疫结果显示,中浓度组(2.24×10~(10) CFU/mL)和低浓度组(2.24×10~9 CFU/mL)免疫2次能够显著提高尼罗罗非鱼的血清抗体水平和抗无乳链球菌感染能力,中浓度免疫组的相对免疫保护率最高为41.0%。本研究可为罗非鱼链球菌病口服疫苗的研究奠定基础,具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

17.
Catfish is the largest aquaculture industry in the United States. Edwardsiellosis is considered one of the most significant problems affecting this industry. Edwardsiella piscicida is a newly described species within the genus Edwardsiella, and it was previously classified as Edwardsiella tarda. It causes gastrointestinal septicaemia, primarily in summer months, in farmed channel catfish in the south‐eastern United States. In the current study, we adapted gene deletion methods used for Edwardsiella to E. piscicida strain C07‐087, which was isolated from a disease outbreak in a catfish production pond. Four genes encoding structural proteins in the type III secretion system (T3SS) apparatus of E. piscicida were deleted by homologous recombination and allelic exchange to produce in‐frame deletion mutants (EpΔssaV, EpΔesaM, EpΔyscR and EpΔescT). The mutants were phenotypically characterized, and virulence and vaccine efficacy were evaluated. Three of the mutants, EpΔssaV, EpΔyscR and EpΔesaM, were significantly attenuated compared to the parent strain (p < .05), but EpΔescT strain was not. Vaccination of catfish with the four mutant strains (EpΔssaV, EpΔesaM, EpΔyscR and EpΔescT) provided significant protection when subsequently challenged with wild‐type strain. In conclusion, we report methods for gene deletion in E. piscicida and development of vaccine candidates derived from a virulent catfish isolate.  相似文献   

18.
Edwardsiella tarda has long been known as a pathogen that causes severe economic losses in aquaculture industry. Insights gained on E. tarda pathogenesis may prove useful in the development of new methods for the treatment of infections as well as preventive measures against future outbreaks. In this report, we have established the correlation between the presence of virulence genes, related with three aspects typically involved in bacterial pathogenesis (chondroitinase activity, quorum sensing and siderophore‐mediated ferric uptake systems), in the genome of E. tarda strains isolated from turbot in Europe and their phenotypic traits. A total of 8 genes were tested by PCR for their presence in 73 E. tarda isolates. High homogeneity was observed in the presence/absence pattern of all the strains. Positive results in the amplification of virulence‐related genes were correlated with the detection of chondroitinase activity in agar plates, in vivo AHL production during fish infection and determination of type of siderophore produced by E. tarda. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out with European strains on potential virulence factors. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that E. tarda produces the siderophore vibrioferrin.  相似文献   

19.
Lactococcosis [Lactococcus garvieae (LG)] is one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases affecting grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) aquaculture. Therefore, the present research evaluated the efficacy of formalin-killed LG vaccine with an oil-based adjuvant in grey mullet under laboratory and field trials. The laboratory evaluation for LG vaccine and its cross-protection upon challenge in grey mullet found that single-dose immunization of formalin-killed LG with adjuvant resulted in 91.4% and 100% relative per cent survival (RPS) when challenged with homologous and heterologous strains. The levels of specific antibody titre and lysozyme activity increased significantly in the vaccinated group. Immune gene expression at 24 hr after challenge showed an increase in levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A parallel field trial experiment was conducted to investigate the long-term effectiveness of the LG vaccine. Results demonstrated that at one month and three months post-immunization with heterologous strain, 100% RPS was recorded in the vaccinated group. The findings suggested that the formalin-inactivated LG vaccine strain (S3) protected grey mullet against LG infection for a period of three months.  相似文献   

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