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DNA疫苗是近年来发展较为迅速的一类生物制剂,它能诱导动物机体产生持久的体液免疫和细胞免疫,其在抗病毒、细菌和寄生虫的感染方面起到了重要作用。但与传统的灭活疫苗相比,其免疫效果并不理想。为了攻克DNA疫苗免疫效力低下的难题,一些学者已经研制了多种佐剂制品,以提高DNA疫苗对动物疾病免疫保护的能力。该文针对使用佐剂提高DNA疫苗免疫效力的最新概况做一综述。 相似文献
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本刊讯:水产养殖过程中发生疾病,使用抗生素进行防治,会产生抗药性细菌,并对环境造成污染,给人类食品的安全造成隐患。最近研究动向,人们已开始把注意力转移到调动或激活水产动物自身的免疫系统,提高其非特异性免疫功能和抗病力,以达到预防和抵抗养殖动物疾病的目的。目前通过提高水产动物自身免疫力来抵抗疾病的发生,已成为研究的热点。目前研究免疫增强剂按其功能而言,可以分为两大类:一类是增强水产动物的非特异性免疫功能;另一类是增强由疫苗诱导的特异性免疫功能。利用免疫增强剂预防、控制疾病,当前在水产养殖上有较好的效果。 相似文献
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动物疫苗免疫接种是预防和控制动物疫病的主要手段,但在生产实践中免疫失败现象极为普遍,其原因有疫苗、免疫技术和动物本身等几方面的。对动物疫苗种类介绍和动物免疫失败原因详细分析,提出了科学合理地选用疫苗、制定合理的免疫程序、规范操作与采用正确的操作方法等防止对策,以期为动物成功免疫提供参考。 相似文献
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DNA疫苗是近年来发展起来的用于防治动物疾病的新型药物,被称作第三代疫苗。DNA疫苗可导致体液免疫和细胞介导免疫两种免疫类型。其基本的成分是质粒DNA,由5个部分构成:1)细菌的复制起点;2)抗性选择基因;3)编码抗原蛋白或多肽的基因;4)转录调控因子;5)mRNA的转录终止信号。本文介绍了DNA疫苗的作用原理、免疫方式以及DNA疫苗在水产养殖业中的应用研究进展。 相似文献
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<正>免疫接种是目前养殖场控制和预防疾病的主要手段之一。在生产实践中,因种种原因造成的免疫失败时有发生。免疫失败表现为:某种疫苗免疫过的动物在免疫保护期内又发生该疫病;动物接种后虽不发生相应的疾病,但动物机体抵抗力降低,使其发生混 相似文献
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口蹄疫新型疫苗的研究现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
口蹄疫是当今世界列为A类疫病的家畜传染病之一,危害牛、猪、羊等偶蹄动物,传播迅速,感染率高,一旦流行,往往造成严重的经济损失,对全世界畜牧业影响极大。目前大多数流行口蹄疫的国家采取以计划免疫为主的措施预防和控制口蹄疫。由于传统疫苗免疫期短,存在散毒、毒力"返祖"等可能,所以人们正在积极探索安全有效的新型疫苗的研究。近年来,随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展,口蹄疫新型疫苗如亚单位疫苗、可饲疫苗、合成肽疫苗、蛋白质载体疫苗、基因缺失疫苗、活载体疫苗、核酸疫苗等不断涌现,本文就这一方面作一综述。 相似文献
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Craig A. Shoemaker Phillip H. Klesius Joyce J. Evans Covadonga R. Arias 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(5):573-585
Vaccination is an important disease management strategy used to maintain human and animal health worldwide. Vaccines developed for aquaculture have reduced antibiotic use in fish production. Original fish vaccines were bacterins (formalin‐killed bacteria) delivered through immersion or injection that induced humoral (antibody) immunity. Next generation vaccines relied on multiple killed antigens delivered with an adjuvant to enhance vaccine effectiveness. Work in the 1990s showed the use of various strategies to develop modified live vaccines for use in fish. A modified live vaccine is a live pathogen that has been rendered non‐pathogenic or avirulent by physical, chemical, or genetic engineering methods. The modified live vaccine typically retains its ability to infect the host which allows for effective presentation of protective antigens to generate cellular immunity (CD4 or CD8 T‐cell responses). Modified live vaccines are advantageous in that they can be easily delivered (i.e., by immersion to young fish) and stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity of long duration. Disadvantages include issues with modified live vaccine safety to the host and environment. A successful modified live vaccine for use in warm water aquaculture is used to highlight the live vaccine strategy. 相似文献
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随着水产养殖集约化与规模化的发展,水产品为人类提供了大量优质食物蛋白质,为国家粮食安全、解决我国“三农”问题做出了重要贡献。长期研究实践证明,营养与饲料科技贡献在水产养殖中占有更加重要的地位。饲料组成不仅影响水产动物的营养,而且会影响水产动物的免疫与抗病能力,营养状况是决定水产养殖动物抵抗疾病的能力的重要因素之一。特别是在水产集约化、规模化养殖中,水产养殖动物面临着大量的应激,如:营养、环境因子等激烈变化,易诱发疾病,甚至死亡。反之,水产养殖动物的生理与健康状况也影响饲料的利用与代谢。营养和免疫的关系显著地影响着水产养殖生产,一直是大家关注的热点。在过去的5年中,水产动物营养与免疫方面的研究取得了重大进展,对蛋白质(氨基酸)、脂肪、碳水化合、维生素、矿物元素等多种必需营养素及其免疫、抗病能力等方面做了大量的研究。本文就营养与免疫相关的研究进展做一综述,以供参考。 相似文献
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Immunization of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet): killed versus live vaccines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract. Fish surviving infection with the pathogenic ciliated protozoan, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876), become resistant to subsequent infection by the parasite. The acquired immunity suggests that development of a vaccine against the parasite may be possible. Because of the advantages of immunoprophylaxis for treatment of the disease, an effort has been made to determine whether fish exposed to killed parasite preparations can resist subsequent lethal challenge. Both the route of administration and the effects of stage specific antigens have been examined. Channel catfish vaccinated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or bath immersion with killed I multifiliis tomites show 100% mortality following a standard challenge protocol. Similarly, 100% mortality was observed in test groups injected with tomite cilia. In both cases, a consistent difference in days to death between control and test group animals was observed. Although complete mortality was seen with fish injected with tomite preparations, fish vaccinated with killed trophonts (the feeding stage of the parasite) had a much greater degree of protection with approximately 50% of fish surviving an otherwise lethal challenge. Finally, animals injected intraperitoneally with live tomites showed nearly complete immunity and were identical in their response to fish which survive natural infection. The response of fish vaccinated with live parasites indicates that animals injected intraperitoneally can develop surface immunity and that i.p. injection is a suitable route of administration for potential I. multifiliis vaccines. 相似文献
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为研究剑尾鱼Ig Z基因序列及其在疫苗免疫后的表达规律,本实验根据已知的EST库设计引物,利用RT-PCR等方法,获得剑尾鱼Ig Z基因c DNA全长序列,并进行生物信息学分析和疫苗免疫后组织表达分析。结果显示,剑尾鱼Ig Z基因全长序列为5 420 bp,包含4个外显子和3个内含子;c DNA序列全长1 527 bp,包含一个1 299 bp的完整ORF框,该基因编码432个氨基酸,预测其编码蛋白的分子量大小为47.48 ku,并具有Ig Z的基本结构,与其他硬骨鱼类Ig Z氨基酸序列一致性为28%~54%。荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,Ig Z基因主要在剑尾鱼的头肾、脾脏和肠中分布,且疫苗免疫后11天内,Ig Z基因在头肾、脾脏和肠组织中均表现为先上升后下降的趋势。头肾中Ig Z基因的表达量在第4天时最高,为对照组的2.12倍;脾脏中Ig Z基因在第4天时呈现最高峰,为对照组的4.65倍;肠组织中Ig Z基因的表达量在12 h时有一个小高峰,第2天时最高,为对照组的11.41倍。本研究获得了剑尾鱼Ig Z基因c DNA全长序列,并对其表达规律进行了初步研究,发现Ig Z在肠道黏膜免疫中具有重要作用,这将为进一步验证其在黏膜免疫中的作用以及剑尾鱼作为疾病研究模式动物和疫苗免疫评价模型奠定基础。 相似文献
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Lactococcus garvieae outbreaks in Brazilian farms Lactococcosis in Pseudoplatystoma sp. – development of an autogenous vaccine as a control strategy 下载免费PDF全文
H C S Fukushima C A G Leal R B Cavalcante H C P Figueiredo S Arijo M A Moriñigo M Ishikawa R C Borra M J T Ranzani‐Paiva 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(2):263-272
This study evaluated the control of streptococcosis outbreaks in Brazil, isolated from diseased sorubim and identified as Lactococcus garvieae by genetic sequencing. This report determined the potential for lactococcosis control in sorubim Pseudoplatystoma sp. with two vaccines: an aqueous‐based, whole‐cell inactivated vaccine (bacterin) and an oil‐adjuvanted bacterin. Their efficacy was evaluated at 30 days post‐vaccination (d.p.v.) by challenge with L. garvieae, and the antibody production response at 15, 30 and 60 d.p.v. and the non‐specific immune response were compared amongst treatments. High protection levels (P < 0.05) were achieved with the oil‐adjuvanted vaccine with a relative percentage survival value of 81.7% at 30 d.p.v. Additionally, the oil‐adjuvanted vaccine increased the immunogenicity of the bacterin as indicated by greater agglutination antibody titres from 15 until 60 d.p.v. This is the first report of a positive effect of vaccine administration on the specific immunity of sorubim, and the study showed that a specific antibody plays an important role in sorubim defence against lactococcosis because the innate immune responses were similar in all of the studied animals. These results demonstrated that oil‐adjuvanted vaccine can be an effective alternative for the protection of sorubim from L. garvieae disease. 相似文献