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1.
草鱼对27种饲料原料中氨基酸的表观消化率 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
本试验以0.5%Cr2O3为指示物,按照“70%基础饲料 30%试验原料“的饲料配制方法,在可控条件的室内循环养殖系统中用2龄草鱼种(体重150-200g)对常用的饲料原料的氨基酸表观消化率进行测定。试验选用了进口鱼粉、国产鱼粉、蟹粉、肉粉、肠衣粉、酵母、菜饼、黄菜粕、菜粕、双低菜籽粕、豆粕、膨化大豆、芝麻饼、棉粕、玉米胚芽粕、玉米蛋白粉和酒糟粉共17种商品蛋白质饲料原料,玉米、麦麸、次粉、米糠、标粉、小麦、大麦、玉米糟、稻谷、药渣共10种能量饲料原料,得到了每种原料的16种氨基酸的表观消化率。表观消化率主要规律表现为:草鱼对原料蛋白质消化率高时对氨基酸的总消化率也高,如对鱼粉、豆粕的消化率高;对玉米类原料如玉米蛋白粉、玉米渣、玉米的氨基酸消化率较低,而对小麦类原料如小麦粉、麦麸、次粉等的消化率相对较高;在植物饼粕类中,草鱼对豆粕和菜粕的消化率较高,而对棉粕的消化率则相对较低;对同种原料的16种不同的氨基酸的表观消化率也有很大的差异,这种差异的规律性较差。 相似文献
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草鱼对九种饲料的干物质、蛋白质和脂肪的表观消化率 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
本试验采用外源指示剂 (Cr2 O3) ,测定了草鱼种对玉米、麦麸、次粉、米糠、标粉、小麦、大麦、玉米糟和稻谷九种能量饲料的干物质、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率。试验结果表明 :草鱼对九种能量饲料的干物质表观消化率大小顺序为 :小麦 (88 17% ) >标粉(79 39% ) >玉米 (77 5 7% ) >麦麸 (6 2 6 7% ) >玉米糟 (6 2 6 1% ) >次粉 (6 1 6 4% ) >大麦(5 9 97% ) >稻谷 (5 1 2 1% ) >米糠 (4 7 41% ) ;粗蛋白表观消化率大小顺序为 :小麦(87 0 6 % ) >米糠 (76 36 % ) >麦麸 (73 2 0 % ) >次粉 (71 5 3% ) >玉米糟 (70 99% ) >标粉(6 7 0 3% ) >玉米 (6 4 5 43% ) >稻谷 (6 4 33 % ) >大麦 (5 9 36 % ) ;粗脂肪表观消化率大小顺序为 :小麦 (82 49% ) >玉米糟 (78 32 % ) >标粉 (75 2 2 % ) >玉米 (73 0 9% ) >稻谷(5 8 99% ) >次粉 (5 3 2 2 % ) >麦麸 (5 2 42 % ) >大麦 (5 0 0 9% )。 相似文献
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以氧化钇(Y2O3)作为指示剂,按照“70%基础饲料+30%试验原料”的原则配制饲料,测定了体重(97.34±7.36)g的中华绒螯蟹对不同饲料原料蛋白质和氨基酸的表观消化率。试验选取鱼粉、血粉、肉骨粉、乌贼内脏粉、虾壳粉、啤酒酵母、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、花生粕、玉米蛋白粉共11种商品蛋白质饲料原料。试验结果表明,中华绒螯蟹对不同饲料蛋白源的粗蛋白表观消化率为40.62%~89.75%,其中,鱼粉和血粉组的粗蛋白表观消化率分别为86.07%和89.75%,显著高于其他原料组;而菜籽粕(42.41%)和玉米蛋白粉组(40.62%)的粗蛋白消化率则明显低于其他饲料蛋白源(P〈0.05)。其他蛋白源的消化率大小顺序依次为:豆粕(77.94%)〉啤酒酵母(76.90%)〉虾壳粉(74.02%)〉肉骨粉(73.78%)〉棉籽粕(71.63%)〉花生粕(65.90%)〉乌贼内脏粉(63.51%)。在动物性蛋白源中,中华绒螯蟹对血粉和鱼粉的氨基酸消化率较高,二者的总氨基酸消化率均高于90%,试验结果还显示,蟹对乌贼内脏粉的氨基酸消化率最低,仅为63.51%;单细胞蛋白源啤酒酵母的总氨基酸消化率(86.77%)高于其他植物性蛋白源;在植物性蛋白源中,对棉籽粕的总氨基酸消化率最高(85.37%),其次是豆粕(79.41%)。本研究结果对评价不同饲料蛋白源的营养价值,以及开发中华绒螯蟹氨基酸营养平衡的人工配合饲料提供了参考和依据。 相似文献
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大口黑鲈对四种蛋白质饲料原料的表观消化率研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为大口黑鲈的营养研究和配合饲料研制提供理论依据,试验以Cr2O3为消化指示物,测定了大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)对进口白鱼粉、国产鱼粉、普通豆粕和发酵豆粕的干物质、蛋白质和脂肪的表观消化率。试验饲料由基础饲料和试验原料以70:30的质量比混合挤压成软颗粒饲料。试验结果表明,大口黑鲈对动物性蛋白白鱼粉和红鱼粉的干物质表观消化率分别为78.56%和9.12%,高于植物性蛋白普通豆粕的68.28%和发酵豆粕的72.19%,而发酵豆粕的干物质表观消化率比普通豆粕要高一些。大口黑鲈对4种饲料原料的蛋白质表观消化率在80.21%~85.55%,对4种饲料原料的脂肪表观消化率为81.18%~91.06%。大口黑鲈可以很好地利用4种饲料原料中的蛋白质和脂肪。 相似文献
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以0.5%的三氧化二铬(Cr2O3)为指示剂,由70%基础日粮和30%试验原料组成试验日粮研究了团头鲂对膨化羽毛粉、酶解羽毛粉、血粉、蚕蛹粉、玉米蛋白粉、玉米、碎米和大麦8种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸、总磷及总能的表观消化率。试验鱼[平均体质量(250.83±2.12) g ]养殖于室内水族箱中(3.0 m×0.8 m×0.8 m),分别投喂相应的试验饲料1周后采用自排法收粪。结果表明:8种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总氨基酸、总磷及总能的表观消化率的范围分别是68.07%~92.69%、81.54%~92.75%、84.82%~103.44%、63.07%~95.56%、41.48%~97.55%、68.91%~97.81%。其中各项营养物质的表观消化率均以玉米蛋白粉最高;4种动物蛋白原料中以蚕蛹粉中营养物质表观消化率最高,血粉次之;除粗脂肪外,酶解羽毛粉的消化率均高于膨化羽毛粉;3种能量饲料中,以大麦的蛋白及氨基酸表观消化率最高,但干物质、粗脂肪及能量的表观消化率均显著低于玉米和碎米。由此可见,玉米蛋白粉和蚕蛹粉分别可作为团头鲂优质的植物蛋白源和动物蛋白源,血粉、羽毛粉可搭配其他饲料少量使用。玉米和碎米能值较高,可作为团头鲂的主要能量饲料,大麦由于氨基酸组成较好,也可适量使用。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹对11种饲料原料蛋白质和氨基酸的表观消化率 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以氧化钇(Y2O3)作为指示剂,按照"70%基础饲料+30%试验原料"的原则配制饲料,测定了体重(97.34±7.36) g的中华绒螯蟹对不同饲料原料蛋白质和氨基酸的表观消化率.试验选取鱼粉、血粉、肉骨粉、乌贼内脏粉、虾壳粉、啤酒酵母、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、花生粕、玉米蛋白粉共11种商品蛋白质饲料原料.试验结果表明,中华绒螯蟹对不同饲料蛋白源的粗蛋白表观消化率为40.62%~89.75%,其中,鱼粉和血粉组的粗蛋白表观消化率分别为86.07%和89.75%,显著高于其他原料组;而菜籽粕(42.41%)和玉米蛋白粉组(40.62%)的粗蛋白消化率则明显低于其他饲料蛋白源(P<0.05).其他蛋白源的消化率大小顺序依次为:豆粕(77.94%)>啤酒酵母(76.90%)>虾壳粉(74.02%)>肉骨粉(73.78%)>棉籽粕(71.63%)>花生粕(65.90%)>乌贼内脏粉(63.51%).在动物性蛋白源中,中华绒螯蟹对血粉和鱼粉的氨基酸消化率较高,二者的总氨基酸消化率均高于90%,试验结果还显示,蟹对乌贼内脏粉的氨基酸消化率最低,仅为63.51%;单细胞蛋白源啤酒酵母的总氨基酸消化率(86.77%)高于其他植物性蛋白源;在植物性蛋白源中,对棉籽粕的总氨基酸消化率最高(85.37%),其次是豆粕(79.41%).本研究结果对评价不同饲料蛋白源的营养价值,以及开发中华绒螯蟹氨基酸营养平衡的人工配合饲料提供了参考和依据. 相似文献
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用两种粪便收集方法测定草鱼对九种饲料原料的表观消化率 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在(21.5±1.0)℃水温下,以Cr2O3为指示物采用自排法和挤压法分别收集平均体重为65 g草鱼的粪便,测定草鱼对棉籽粕、花生粕、双低菜籽粕、秘鲁鱼粉、菜籽粕、小麦次粉、米糠、大豆粕和肉骨粉9种饲料原料主要营养成分的表观消化率。试验饲料以70%基础饲料和30%的待测饲料原料组成。结果表明:(1)草鱼对肉骨粉、秘鲁鱼粉、棉籽粕、大豆粕的干物质表观消化率较高,分别为60.69%、59.07%、61.08%、57.99%;(2)用自排法和挤压法测定草鱼对饲料原料的表观消化率时,干物质表观消化率有差异,而饲料原料粗蛋白质表观消化率基本保持一致;(3)草鱼对各种饲料原料的蛋白质表观消化率与氨基酸表观消化率的趋势基本一致。 相似文献
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为研究荷包红鲤对不同饲料原料的消化率,以便经济合理地利用现有蛋白资源,为配制优质、高效的饲料提供参考,在22±1℃水温下,以0.5%Cr2O3为指示物,按照70%基础饲料+30%试验饲料的配制方法配制成不同试验饲料,测定平均体重为150±10 g的荷包红鲤对鱼粉、玉米、大豆、酒糟粉、麦麸、米糠、次粉、EM发酵稻草粉和EM发酵松针粉等共9种饲料原料中粗蛋白的表观消化率。结果表明:荷包红鲤对鱼粉的蛋白质表观消化率为94.77%,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);对米糠的蛋白质表观消化率仅为80.07%,显著低于其它各组。因此,建议在荷包红鲤配合饲料中不用或少用米糠。 相似文献
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The excellence of its flesh and fast growth makes the dourado, Salminus brasiliensis , a carnivorous fish native to the Prata basin, a potential candidate for intensive fish farming. This study evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of energy and nutrients of animal and plant protein sources for the carnivorous Characin dourado S. brasiliensis . Fish (19.5 ± 5.0 g) were stocked in plastic cages (80-L) and fed pelleted test diets containing 30% of the test ingredient [fish meal (FM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), soybean meal (SBM), and corn gluten meal (CGM) plus 70% of a reference diet (481.4 g kg−1 of crude protein and 18.63 kJ of gross energy per gram]. After the last daily meal, cages were transferred to cylindrical, conical-bottomed aquarium (200-L) where faeces were collected by sedimentation in a refrigerated container. Except for ADC of protein and energy, all other ADC of nutrients showed significant differences ( P < 0.01). ADC values were: 94.3%, 91.3%, 93.1%, and 93.5% for crude protein; 91.0%, 90.3%, 87.8%, and 88.8% for gross energy; 92.1%, 84.5%, 80.6%, and 79.3% for ash; 83.9%, 80.3%, 84.3%, and 84.6% for dry matter; 97.4%, 96.7%, 93.3%, and 91.5% for lipid for FM, PBM, SBM, and CGM, respectively. The average amino acid ADC was: 93.6%, 90.0%, 92.1%, and 92.5% of FM, PBM, SBM, and CGM, respectively. All test ingredients were efficiently used and can partially replace FM in diets for carnivorous dourado. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Through a series of experiments, it has been demonstrated successfullythat an appropriate choice of ingredients is primary for achievinga reduction in phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) loading from carpculture. In this final study, four multi-ingredient diets were examined.In addition to the basal ingredients (fish meal 15%, corngluten meal 8%, defatted soybean meal 10%, blood meal3–5%), three of the test diets (PF, MM, and SP)contained 6% each of either poultry feather meal, meatmeal or soy protein concentrate, respectively, and the fourth diet(PMS) had each of the three aforementioned ingredients includedat 3%. These diets had crude protein < 35%,digestible energy > 3.5 kcal/g,available P between 0.65 and 0.66% and total P rangingfrom 1.26 to 1.36%. The diets were fed to juvenile carpduring a 12-week feeding trial. The highest growth was obtained forfish fed the MM diet. The absorption and retention rates of P werehigher for the PF diet, whereas these values for N did not showtreatment-related differences. The total discharges per ton fish productionwere estimated to range between 7.8 and 9.2 kg for P andbetween 39.1 and 40.7 kg for N. These were lower than thefigures for Lake Kasumigaura, a main carp culture site, indicatingthat proper balancing of protein ingredients aids in efficientlylowering emissions from aquaculture. 相似文献
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K. Köprücü 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2012,18(6):662-672
In the present study, it was examined whether variability in chemical composition of different cottonseed (Nazilli‐M39, Nazilli‐84 and Çukurova‐1518) meals (CSMs) and sunflower (Sanbro, Isera and Coban) meals (SFMs) had any effects on digestibility when fed to grass carp. Protein and energy digestibility of CSMs (83.2–86.8%; 88.7–92.5%) and SFMs (78.9–83.1%; 88.4–92%) had a coefficient of variation of 1.96% (CSMs) and 1.52% (SFMs) for protein and 1.93% (CSMs) and 1.82% (SFMs) for energy digestibility. Sum of amino acids digestibility of CSMs (83.1–86.5%) and SFMs (78.9–83.4%) had a coefficient of variation of 1.85% and 2.47%, respectively. Protein and energy digestibility of CSMs and SFMs was significantly positive affected by a range of compositional features including protein or sum of amino acids and phosphorus content, and significantly negative affected by fiber and carbohydrate contents in the test ingredients. This suggested that fiber and carbohydrate contents of CSMs and SFMs may also be influencing the nutritional value of its own protein or sum of amino acids. In conclusion, the relationship between plant protein meals protein content and its digestible value provides a good support for the development of a system of grain segregation by protein content and ingredient pricing according to that protein content. 相似文献
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草鱼饲料中添加黄霉素的应用试验 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
通过在草鱼配合饲料中添加3×10-6黄霉素的对照试验,表明可以提高草鱼的生长速度达18个百分点,降低饲料系数达0.16,每千克鱼的饲料成本可降低9.1%。 相似文献
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B. Glencross N. Bourne W. Hawkins M. Karopoulos D. Evans N. Rutherford P. McCafferty K. Dods P. Burridge C. Veitch S. Sipsas B. Buirchell M. Sweetingham 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(1):54-62
This study examined the potential of using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the nutrient composition, energy density and the digestible protein and digestible energy values of lupin kernel meals when fed to rainbow trout. A series of 136 lupin kernel meals were assessed for their protein and energy digestibilities using the diet‐substitution approach in a series of 10 experiments over a 6‐year period from 2002 to 2008. Two reference diets were also included in each experiment. Minimal variance in the digestibility parameters of both reference diets was observed among the experiments ensuring that there was a high degree of robustness in the across‐experiment evaluations. The same lupin kernel meal samples were also scanned using a diode array near infrared spectrophotometer (DA‐NIRS). The spectra obtained by the DA‐NIRS were chemometrically calibrated against both the chemical composition and the digestible value data using multivariate analysis software. The cross validation tests used in this study provide a valid indication of the potential to predict the nutrient composition, energy value and digestible protein and energy values of the lupin kernel meals as used in diets for rainbow trout. That the standard errors of cross validation (SECV) of the parameters investigated were generally commensurate with the cross trial variation seen in the reference sample indicating robust calibrations for the two target parameters of digestible protein and digestible energy. Therefore this study demonstrates that within one raw material type that not only does significant variability in the digestible value of the raw materials exist, but that it is possible to use NIRS technology to provide rapid estimates of the digestible value of those raw materials in near real‐time. 相似文献
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为了研究草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)脆化过程中肌肉品质变化对脆肉鲩(C.idellusC.et V)脆性形成规律的影响,在草鱼脆化过程中定期采样,比较研究了肌肉基本化学成分、质构特性、鱼肉蛋白质组成、肌肉氨基酸组成及营养价值评价等的变化规律。结果显示:脆肉鲩的水分、粗脂肪质量分数均显著低于普通草鱼(P0.05),粗蛋白、粗灰分质量分数比普通草鱼高;与普通草鱼相比,脆化后肌肉的肌原纤维蛋白、肌浆蛋白和基质蛋白质量分数分别增加了10.88%、15.41%和80.53%;脆肉鲩的硬度、咀嚼性、弹性和粘着性显著高于普通草鱼(P0.05);脆肉鲩肌肉的TAA、EAA、UAA最高分别为203.5gL-1、85.6 gL-1、79.1 gL-1,均显著高于普通草鱼(P0.05)。研究表明在草鱼脆化过程中,肌肉品质指标均有不同程度的变化,且这些变化是导致脆肉鲩脆性改变的重要因素。 相似文献