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1.
1.刺参的繁殖季节在青岛地区为6月初至7月中旬,其中以6月中旬至6月底为繁殖盛期。 2.亲参在暂养过程中不必投饵,但必须经常换水,每天1~2次,以保持水质的洁净。 3.在人工育苗中,可以采用以下三种方法来获得成熟卵子,即:①在暂养情形下待其自然产卵;②用升温刺激法诱导产卵;③通过解剖亲体取出生殖腺以获得成熟卵。 4.刺参在进行人工授精时,阴干刺激的时间以2.5小时较合适,其受精率可达63.6%。 5.刺参产卵、排精的时问一般都在晚上21时以后至24时这一段时间内。一开始雄的先排精,相隔10~60分钟后,雌的开始产卵,产卵、排精的时间可持续5~15分钟。每头雌参的产卵量一般在30~50万粒,多者可产400~500万粒。 6.刺参的胚胎发育基本上和锚海参的发育是一致的,发育过程要经过耳状幼虫、樽形幼虫、五触手幼虫,然后变态为稚参。 7.通过几种不同饵料的试验,其中以三角褐枝藻作刺参幼虫的饵料最为适宜,其成活率可达18.5%。而以海洋酵母作为幼虫的饵料也是值得进一步试验和推广的。  相似文献   

2.
笔者根据近些年育苗生产经验,现将刺参常温人工育苗技术总结如下。 1亲参的采捕 亲参采捕应在产卵盛期前7-10天为宜,在山东南部一般在4月底5月初即水温17~20%时进行,个体应在250g以上,性腺指数在15%以上。解剖观察雄参生殖腺呈淡乳白色,刺破后有精液流出,在显微镜下观察,精子可游动;  相似文献   

3.
冰岛扇贝(Chlamys islandica)生殖发育的研究表明,生殖腺指数春季上升,并在了月初正值产卵前达最大值。  相似文献   

4.
杭州湾海蜇生殖习性的研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
本文根据1978-1981年对杭州湾海蜇所进行的观察结果,描述和分析了生殖腺各发育时期的外部形态和组织结构以及成熟卵和精子的形态特征。作者将海蜇生殖腺成熟过程划分为四个阶段:早期发育阶段、生长发育阶段、成熟产卵阶段和产后阶段。此外,本文还对海蜇的产卵类型和繁殖力作了分析和测定;对杭州湾海蜇的产卵习性、产卵场和产卵期作了简要介绍。  相似文献   

5.
刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)是我国重要的海水养殖品种,刺参养殖也是渔民增收、渔业增效的重要方式,而优良的苗种是刺参养殖的基础条件,苗种繁育与生态保苗是刺参产业健康可持续发展的关键环节。为规范苗种生产并为刺参的健康养殖提供优质的苗种,介绍了亲参培育、催熟产卵、孵化、幼体培育以及工厂化生态保苗技术。  相似文献   

6.
刺参升温育苗技术就是利用冬季参苗越冬的机会,同时升温培育刺参种参,让种参提前成熟产卵,比正常自然产卵早2个月左右。这样做有多种好处:出苗早,参苗“小白点”的销售价格高,市场销售快;自留参苗养到秋季,参苗的规格大,产量高,效益好。现将如何搞好刺参的升温育苗工作总结如下。  相似文献   

7.
吴国犀 《淡水渔业》1978,(2):I001-I002
鲥鱼是长江下游的名贵经济鱼类之一。每年4—5月由海入江上溯产卵,形成了一年一度的渔汛期。了解鲥鱼生殖腺发育的特点及怀卵量的变化,掌握其生殖腺成熟时间、繁殖地点以及繁殖的生态条件等,为长江鲥鱼资源增殖提供可靠的生物学依据。  相似文献   

8.
辽东湾毛蚶繁殖季节研究   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
根据1982年、1983年、1984年辽东湾自然海区毛蚶浮游幼虫调查、生殖腺组织切片比较、生殖腺指数测定以及1983年毛蚶室内产卵试验,初步认为:辽东湾毛蚶繁殖季节是7月10日~8月末,水温22~27℃。产卵盛期在7月15~30日,水温24~26℃。不同年份因水温不同产卵期可相差约5d。毛蚶产卵主要集中在两次产卵高峰期内,每个高峰可持续2~3d,两次高峰期间隔15~20d。  相似文献   

9.
在山东、辽宁等地区,刺参的人工育苗及养殖己形成规模,笔者根据近两年的生产实践,就辽西地区刺参人工育苗关键技术提示几点看法,仅供参考。一、种参的选择与暂养1.采捕时间刺参的生殖腺发育与环境水温密切相关,因此种参的采集时间根据不同地区的实际情况而定,一般情况下水温达到17℃时刺参的性腺成熟。在辽西地区,如果利用池塘养殖刺参作为育苗的种参,采捕的最佳时间是5月中下旬,具体时间可依据当年养参池水温回升情况、池中饵料生物资源状况和刺参性腺发育程度而定;如果利用自然海区的刺参作种参,采捕时间应在6月中旬。2.种参的选择种参的…  相似文献   

10.
大沽全海笋生物学习性及人工育苗技术   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
研究了大沽全海笋的生殖腺发育、繁殖季节、产卵量、胚胎发育、栖息底质及其对水温、盐度的适应性和耐干露能力等生物学习性。在此基础上研究出一套工厂化育菌技术,在12.96m3水体中培育体长2.4~10.2mm的苗种526万粒。  相似文献   

11.
The annual reproductive cycle of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera was studied in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India, from September 2000 to October 2001, by macroscopic and microscopic examination of gonad tubule, gonad index and histology of gametogenic stages, to determine the spawning pattern. The gonad consists of long tubules with uniform development. It does not confirm the progressive tubule recruitment model described for other holothurians. The maximum percentage of mature animals, gonad and fecundity indices, tubule length and diameter, with the observations on gonad histology, ascertained that H. spinifera had the peak gametogenic activity during September and October 2001 followed by a prolonged spawning period from November 2000–March 2001.  相似文献   

12.
The suspension‐feeding sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa is widely distributed in cold waters and is commercially exploited in the North Atlantic. While the species is considered to have potential for aquaculture, its feeding and reproductive biology differs markedly from that of currently cultivated sea cucumbers. Here, for the first time, the influence of food sources on the condition of C. frondosa was experimentally tested. Individuals were fed with either diatoms or fish eggs for 3 months. Specific growth rate (SGR), organ indices, fecundity, gonad maturity and profiles of lipids and fatty acids (FA) in tissues were compared among treatments and with sea cucumbers collected from the field. Individuals fed with fish eggs showed higher SGR and organ indices than all other treatments. The highest proportion of large oocytes was also found in gonad tubules of females from the fish egg treatment, although individuals fed with diatoms were the only ones in which spontaneous spawning occurred. Moreover, gonad and muscle tissues of sea cucumbers from the fish egg treatment presented the highest levels of lipids and essential FA. In contrast, non‐fed sea cucumbers showed negative SGR, relatively low female fecundity and low concentrations of lipids and FA in tissues. While the fish egg diet presented several obvious benefits, phytoplankton remains an important source of carotenoids, which are vital for vitellogenesis in echinoderms. This indicates that mixed diets rich in lipids, essential FA and carotenoids can be further investigated to optimize growth and reproductive output of this species in captivity.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT:   During 1986–1989, the seasonal maturation and gonad index (gonad weight/body weight × 100) of adult Loxechinus albus were examined at nine sites, and the appearance of four-armed echinopluteus larvae was investigated at three sites off the eastern coast of Chiloé Island, Chile. Spawning occurred during November–January when the gonad indices fell to a minimum, the number of mature specimens decreased and four-armed larvae appeared, corresponding to the rise in water temperature. The number of four-armed larvae appearing at the northern site was markedly less than that at the southern site. The sea urchins matured in January and February immediately after spawning at many sites and a high percentage of maturation lasted for a long period at some sites. These findings are considered to be associated with high food availability and annual narrow ranges of water temperature.  相似文献   

14.
The spawning of sea cucumbers is related to the interaction of environmental cues and reproductive maturity. Groups of Australostichopus mollis were collected every 2 wk during the summer reproductive season from mid‐October to early February. They were observed for spawning in the hatchery during heat‐shock trials conducted 3–5 C above ambient seawater temperature. Lunar periodicity existed with spawning being most prominent in the week following a full moon. In the week prior to a spawning event, there was also a decrease in ambient incoming seawater temperature. More than 75% individuals spawned during most trials in which spawning occurred. In total, 40% of the 270 individuals spawned during the reproductive season. Reliable spawners were females with a yellow gonad color and large numbers of vitellogenic oocytes, and males with large numbers of spermatocytes and an absence of motile spermatozoa. Furthermore, the percentage germinal vesicle breakdown of oocytes exposed to starfish radial nerve extract compared to seawater was greater for the more orange‐colored gonad of nonspawners. Gonad color is useful in determining the likelihood of spawning over a 2‐wk period in the presence of a cue. Sea cucumbers held for short periods in the hatchery during the reproductive season maintain a natural rhythm of spawning that can be monitored using visual indices and augmented using heat shock.  相似文献   

15.
大鲵自华中地区引进至华南地区,并驯养成功后,在特殊人工生态条件下,其性腺发育规律也随之发生改变。大鲵性腺成熟系数最大值,由大鲵自然产区的8月中旬提前到6月中旬至7月中旬。用大鲵周年性腺成熟积温推算,大鲵性腺成熟期亦为每年的6月中旬。1999和2000年的人工催产繁殖实践结果也显示大鲵在华南地区最佳繁殖期为6月中旬至7月中旬。  相似文献   

16.
During this study different concentrations of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) were tested on adult wild‐caught sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus) immediately after their collection in the field in order to assess whether MgCl2 can act as an anaesthetic during their transport and prevent unplanned spawning. Such accidental spawning is a stress response associated with transport of this species. The mortality and gonadal indices were recorded after a 1‐h submersion in different strength solutions of MgCl2 (5, 20, 40, 80 and 100 mmol L−1 MgCl2), followed by 5 h of dry transport under two different temperatures (19 and 25 °C). The effective concentration of MgCl2 was defined as one that does not induce mortality and gonad mass loss following sea urchin transport and laboratory conditioning. Treatment of sea urchins with 5 mmol L−1 MgCl2 prevented mortality and unplanned spawning; however, elevated concentrations of magnesium (40, 80 and 100 mM) were toxic to sea urchins, inducing a massive mortality and gonad mass decrease during the acclimatization period, essentially when sea urchins were transported under an elevated temperature (25 °C). It is concluded that MgCl2 is a suitable non‐toxic anaesthetic, easily available for adult sea urchins (P. lividus) when it is used at its optimal anaesthetizing concentration.  相似文献   

17.
The gonadal development and gametogenic cycle of transplanted-cultured pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, were investigated using individuals collected monthly from Tong-Young along the south coast of Korea from October 2000 to September 2001. The result of monthly change of condition index was similar to tissue weight rate. The highest value was observed in June and the lowest value was observed in November. The gonad of the pearl oyster was located around the digestive diverticula. The ripe testis was milky white while the ovary was light brown. The spawning period of the pearl oyster extended from April to August, with a peak between June and July. The gametogenic cycle could be classified into five successive stages: multiplicative stage (November to February), growing stage (January to March), mature stage (March and April), spawning stage (April to August) and resting stage (September to November).  相似文献   

18.
We investigated effects of a continuous and three diel feeding regimes on food consumption, growth and gonad production of cultured Strongylocentrotus intermedius of three size classes. There was no significant difference of food consumption, body weight and gonad production between nocturnal and diurnal feeding regimes of S. intermedius of all size classes, greatly challenging the old paradigm on the diel feeding preference of cultured S. intermedius. The continuous and three diel intermittent feeding regimes did not significantly affect body weight of sea urchins of all size classes. However, sea urchins in the large and small size classes which were fed continuously had significantly higher gonad wet weight and gonad index than those fed intermittently. Gonad of sea urchins in the medium size class did not change with feeding regime. The present study increases our understanding of the feeding behavior of cultured S. intermedius, with a potential of direct application in aquaculture.  相似文献   

19.
European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., groups reared under different conditions during larval stages (mesocosm and intensive rearing) were monitored during on‐growing in sea cages until marketable size (350–400 g). Four caged groups were followed for a period of 17 months each at a pilot scale farm, where vertical distribution behaviour was monitored. This was performed while fish were under calm conditions, during feeding and when stress events occurred. Also during two specific periods: (i) spawning and (ii) high water temperature. Clear differences in the behavioural pattern of swimming depth, displacement and used space between the groups were observed. The individuals from the mesocosm rearing were more sensitive to human presence, showing stronger reactions (speed of displacement and vertical distribution). Most pronounced differences were observed during the ‘extreme’ warm period and the reproductive season. Within the seasons, European sea bass responded during feeding and stress showing a tendency to move deeper compared to calm conditions. The increased displacements were longer during feeding and stress.  相似文献   

20.
2013年8月至2014年7月,采用组织学和实验生态学方法对钝缀锦蛤(Tapes conspersus)的性腺发育、生殖周期、肥满度、胚胎和幼虫发育进行了研究。结果显示,钝缀锦蛤性腺发育以1年为1个周期,性腺发育过程可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期5个时期;繁殖期在每年10月至翌年3月,繁殖盛期为3月、10月和11月(水温20.3~24.6℃),分批产卵。8月肥满度最高,为33.43%;4月最低,为18.31%。钝缀锦蛤卵径为70~80μm;在水温24~26℃、盐度28~32条件下,受精卵经16 h左右发育为D形幼虫;初孵D形幼虫大小为90~110μm,浮游幼虫经7~8 d培育进入附着变态期,此时壳长为210~230μm,再经4~5 d发育变态为稚贝。本研究为钝缀锦蛤的人工繁育及种质资源保护和利用提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

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