畜禽免疫抗体效价不理想的原因分析

<正>近年来,为了有效防控重大动物疫病的发生,国家规定了对牛、羊必须进行口蹄疫强制免疫,对猪必须进行口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性蓝耳病进行强制免疫;对禽类必须进行鸡新城疫、高致病性禽流感等强制免疫。各级动物疫病预防控制机构都想尽一切办法完成此项严峻工作。上级部门为了查验基层防疫人员对畜禽实施上述强制免疫后的免疫效果,不仅要检查养殖场     

县级兽医实验室建设要求浅谈

根据农业部《兽医系统实验室考核管理办法》和《玉溪市农业局关于加强县级兽医实验室建设的通知》要求,新平县动物疫病预防控制中心对兽医实验室的场地进行设计布局,对仪器设备、人员进行补充、对档案资料进行整理完善,建立规范的兽医实验室质量管理体系,以确保中心兽医实验室工作正常有序的开展。     

湖羊同期发情与杜泊绵羊人工授精技术

实验设计了5种不同的同期发情方法对300余只湖羊进行处理,对湖羊同期发情技术进行了系统研究,并采用杜泊绵羊鲜精人工授精技术对同期发情羊群进行集中杂交配种,对不同处理羊群的同期发情率、人工授精受胎率进行了统计分析与评价。     

扩增香螺SSR指纹研究的试验条件的优化

利用SSR技术对香螺进行了PCR扩增,探索香螺基因组DNA的提取方法。从香螺23对近缘种引物中筛选出8对可以扩增的引物,对引物浓度、Taq酶浓度、循环次数、模板浓度等方面进行了研究,从而探索出一个适合香螺SSR分析的反应体系和反应条件并对微卫星引物通用性进行初步分析。     

浅谈高山峡谷区畜牧业发展

对高山峡谷区的地质、地貌、气候、水利、土壤、植被等方面进行分析,根据其有利条件及可行性发展途径,对高山峡谷区发展畜牧业进行探讨。     

青海黄牛及其杂交改良牛的生长发育性能观测研究

通过对利木赞牛、西门塔尔牛、皮尔蒙特牛与青海黄牛初生、6月龄、12月龄体尺、体重指标进行全面测定,对相关结果开展讨论,以便对青海黄牛杂交改良牛生长发育性能进行深入分析,为优质杂交组合的探寻夯实基础。     

宽体金线蛭疾病快速诊断及治疗方法研究

对发病宽体金线蛭进行常规体表检查后,用无菌操作方法进行病原微生物分离,分离的病原微生物用VITEK-32全自动化微生物鉴定系统进行鉴定,并用药敏纸片法对复方新诺明、庆大霉素、氟哌酸、丁胺卡那霉素、四环素、恩诺沙星、强力霉素7种抗生素进行药敏试验以确定治疗发病宽体金线蛭的最适宜抗生素.试验结果表明:病原微生物经鉴定为阴沟肠杆菌,氟哌酸的敏感性最高.以50 mg/kg剂量的氟哌酸伴入饵料口服,连用5 d;同时配合使用二氧化氯消毒剂对养殖水体进行消毒.喂药3 d后病症消失.     

大连超市水产品及加工品市场调查初探

本文是对大连市的水产品及水产加工品进行调查,共调查到水产品及水产加工品7个大类154个品种,针对其种类、价格市场、消费等方面等方面进行了分析,并对大连水产品向精深发展进行探讨.     

几种海洋药用动物中重金属元素的含量分析

对我国几种传统海洋药用动物中重金属元素的含量进行了测定,并对同产地的陆生药用动物蛤蚧进行比较研究,其中Hg和As利用原子荧光光度计测定,Pb、Cd、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn利用原子吸收光度计测定,样品采用微波消解仪消解。结果表明:海钱、海蛇、海马、海星的镉含量较高,海燕、海马、海星的铅含量较高,除个别样品微量元素未检出外,样品中Fe、Mn、Zn的含量相对较高。最后对金属元素含量较高的原因及对所含微量元素的食用安全性和营养学评价进行了探讨。     

毛蚶同工酶组织表达差异研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板不连续电泳,对毛蚶的肝胰脏、斧足、外套膜、闭壳肌、鳃等5种不同组织进行了6种同工酶(EST、LDH、MDH、α-AMY、POD、CAT)的电泳研究,并对各种酶的同工酶位点及酶谱表型差异进行了分析.结果表明:毛蚶的同工酶系统具有明显的组织特异性,并对同工酶的组织特异性分布及其生理意义进行了讨论.     

对虾工厂化养殖和土池养殖溶解氧消耗研究

对工厂化养殖凡纳滨对虾和土池养殖中国对虾过程中的各耗氧因子进行了研究。结果表明，在中国对虾的土池养殖环境中，对虾耗氧量、水柱和底质耗氧量分别占总耗氧量的3．749／6、17．359／6和78．919／6；在凡纳滨对虾的工厂化养殖环境中，对虾耗氧量占总耗氧的72．679／6，水柱耗氧占27．339／6。在对虾的工厂化养殖中，对虾耗氧是最大的耗氧因子；而土池养殖后期，底质耗氧是主要耗氧因子。     

体重、温度和饥饿对口虾蛄呼吸和排泄的影响

在室内实验条件下，测定了体重、温度和饥饿对口虾蛄耗氧率和排氨率的影响。实验结果表明，随个体重量的增加，口虾蛄单位体重的耗氧率和排氨率均减小，呈负相关的幂指数，均符合Ｙ＝ａＷ＾ｂ模式。随温度增加，口虾蛄的耗氧率、排氮率均增加。饥饿对口虾蛄的代谢有明显的影响。随饥饿天数增加口虾蛄的耗氧率和排氮率明显下降。１６ｄ后分别下降４７％和５０％，且大个体下降幅度较大。     

同安湾养殖水域溶解氧的分布特征

本文根据1997年5月、8月、11月和1998年2月对同安湾渔业生态诃查的资料,讨论了同安湾养殖水域溶解氧的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系。调查区包括同安湾两大对虾养殖垦区(策槽、东坑)和同安湾内大面养殖水域。结果表明:同安湾养殖水域氧含量均大于5mg/L。符合《渔业水质标准》。策槽垦区的溶解氧在春、夏、秋季大于东坑垦区,尤其是夏季,冬季差别不大,这是受陆源淡水影响的缘故。而东坑垦区受陆源淡水影响较小,其氧含量的年际变化与水温成一定的负相关。同安湾内养殖水域表、底层的氧含量和氧饱和度的年际变化与水温成明显的负相关,并在99％信度水平上显著。     

条石鲷的耗氧率与窒息点研究

2008年4～8月,采用Winkler法研究了70日龄（平均全长37.68mm,平均体重1.07g）和105日龄（平均全长65.71mm,平均体重5.58g）的条石鲷在不同温度（15、20和25℃）、不同盐度（20、25和30）下的耗氧率、窒息点及耗氧率昼夜变化。结果表明,105日龄组的相对耗氧率明显低于70日龄组,但个体耗氧量明显高于70日龄组;耗氧率随幼鱼体重的增加而相对减少。盐度一定时,温度升高,相对耗氧率和个体耗氧量都随之增大。盐度对70日龄幼鱼组的耗氧率影响显著（P〈0.05）,对105日龄幼鱼组影响不显著（P〉0.05）。盐度25左右、温度20～25℃时是条石鲷苗种培育和生长的最适盐度和最适温度。条石鲷在温度15～25℃、盐度20～30下的窒息点为1.6021～2.9538mgO2/L,窒息点随着个体的增大而降低;温度、盐度对条石鲷窒息点的影响均不显著（P〉0.05）。条石鲷耗氧率的昼夜变化明显,白天的耗氧率平均为0.9459mgO2/g.h,夜间平均为0.2727mgO2/g.h,白天的耗氧率是夜间的3～5倍,条石鲷白天代谢旺盛并持续到夜间22∶00左右。     

Effect of Continuous Food Supply on the Oxygen Consumption of Young Mediterranean Yellowtail (Seriola dumerili Risso, 1810)

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of a continuous food supply on the oxygen consumption of young Mediterranean yellowtails (Seriola dumerili Risso, 1810) during the photophase period (14LL:10DD). Four groups with six fish each, weighing individually approx. 600 g, were distributed into open 2 m³ quadrangular fibreglass tanks, and fed with commercial pellets for 60 days. Two of the tanks received a continuous feed supply by means of automatic band feeders (ABF), whilst fish in the other two tanks were fed by hand, twice a day. To improve accuracy in calculating oxygen consumption, the effect of oxygen diffusion between the air and the water was determined by the use of a control tank of similar characteristics, containing no fish. Oxygen consumption instantaneous rate was calculated by the difference between dissolved oxygen concentrations in tanks with and without fish, multiplied by the water flow and divided by the estimated total fish biomass in each tank. In both feeding regimes, an increase in the oxygen consumption levels after feeding commencement was observed. The amplitude, however, was lower and the duration of feeding effect was higher in the group fed by ABF.     

日本鳗li初孵仔鱼耗氧率的初步研究

研究了不同盐度、温度、光照条件下日本鳗鲡仔鱼 ( 4 .4 2± 0 .0 34 mm )的耗氧情况。结果表明 ,幼鱼的耗氧率随盐度的升高而下降 ,随温度的升高而上升 ,耗氧率遮光比在自然光下要低。同时还测定了幼鱼的窒息点。     

Hydrodynamic implications in and around a caged finfish farm and its implications on the dispersal of farm debris

One of the key factors in determining the accumulation of sediment and soluble nutrients within a lease is water movement. Water masses entering and leaving the farm determine the finfish ecosystem interaction. Understanding the hydrodynamic interaction with the farm is therefore key to understanding the potential ecological effects of individual farms. In addition, finfish farms are now being proposed in exposed offshore environments and have caused concern regarding their potential down stream impacts on currents and wave climate. Seven current meters, oxygen probes and CTD were deployed to examine the hydrodynamic interactions inside and outside a 270 m long Salmon farm in Newfoundland, Canada. Current meter results indicate that the finfish farm cages have a clear shadowing effect on the currents. Currents upstream were found to be considerably faster than those recorded downstream during the sampling period. Current speeds inside the farm were also found to be considerably slower than those found outside of the farm especially during high flow events. In situ observations of currents were found to be similar to those predicted by previous CFD and hydrodynamic modelling studies. Modeling was also undertaken to calculate the energy lost as currents enter and leave a series of fish cages. In comparison to the observed flow the model compares relatively well. Flow recorded downstream of the farm was observed to be in the range predicted by the model as was the flow recorded inside and outside the cages. Current speed downstream of the farm is clearly affected by farm orientation which has important implications for the dispersal of farm debris. Average oxygen saturation within the cages over the 5 day sampling period was 80.2 %± SD 5.7 %, compared to nearly 100 %, 20 m and 50 m from the farm site. Orientation of the farm may play some part in determining the location and amount of oxygen depletion within the farm. The farm also acts to push water from deeper in the water column up into the cages which has implications for farms situated in heavily stratified environments.     

温度对斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼耗氧率和氨氮排泄率的影响

采用封闭流水式装置,研究斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼(Ictalurus Punctatus)(约9~11 g)在不同温度条件下(18,22和26℃)的耗氧率和氨氮排泄率变化情况。结果表明,在18,22和26℃时斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼的耗氧率分别为(171.66±33)mg/(kg·h),(97.22±26)mg/(kg·h)和(171.83±44)mg/(kg·h),26℃处理组的耗氧率最高,与22℃处理组具显著差异(P<0.05);氨氮排泄率也表现出随水温的升高而升高的趋势,18,22和26℃时其氨氮排泄率分别为(0.40±0.01)mg/(g·h),(0.44±0.01)mg/(g·h)和(0.58±0.01)mg/(g·h)。在22~26℃,斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼的耗氧率和氨氮排泄率均随温度升高而升高。     

Modelling oxygen consumption rates of post-smolt Atlantic salmon in commercial-scale,land-based farms

Oxygen consumption rates of post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were recorded during various growth trials at four land-based salmon farms in south-west Norway, during the period 1988–1992. Principle component analysis indicated that fish size, water temperature and current speed had the greatest influence on oxygen consumption of fish in all the farms. A multiple regression analysis showed that 70% of the variation in the oxygen consumption could be explained by these three parameters. The predicted effect of fish size, water temperature and current speed on oxygen consumption are consistent with those reported in studies conducted on salmonids held in tunnel respirometers. The model described in this study may be a useful tool for the estimation of oxygen and water requirements needed for the design and operation of land-based farms.     

温度、体重和昼夜节律对大菱鲆幼鱼代谢的影响

在鱼体重相对恒定时,用流水法测定了温度、昼夜节律对大菱鲆幼鱼耗氧率、氨氮排泄率的影响;在温度相对恒定时,用静水法测定了体重对大菱鲆幼鱼耗氧率、氨氮排泄率,窒息点的影响。结果表明:在实验温度范围内,体重2.0 g的幼鱼,耗氧率随水温升高而上升;10℃时,耗氧率最低,在26℃达到最高;在18℃以上,温度再升高,大菱鲆幼鱼将分配更多的能量用于呼吸代谢。体重2.0 g的大菱鲆幼鱼氨氮排泄率随水温的升高而上升;在10℃时氨氮排泄率最低,26℃达到最高;大菱鲆幼鱼的氨氮排泄比较稳定,但在较高温度水平时大菱鲆幼鱼蛋白质代谢的强度增加。