烟台浅海区不同养殖系统养殖效果的比较

于１９９８年４月５日至６月２３日，在山东烟台市四十里湾海区进行了３种养殖模式养殖效果比较的模拟实验。在该海区岸边建立了栉孔扇贝（Ｃｈａｍｙｓ ｆａｒｒｅｒｉ）单养，栉孔扇贝和海带（Ｌａｍｉｎａｒｉａ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）混养，栉孔扇贝、海带和刺参（Ａｐｏｓｔｉｃｈｏｐｕｓ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ）混养等３个系列、９个养殖系统和１个对照系统（５．０ｍ＊２．０ｍ＊１．０ｍ，日换水量１００％），进行对比实验。     

桑沟湾海水养殖现状评估及优化措施

桑沟湾湾内外海带现养殖总水面为７５００ｈｍ＾２，平均养殖量为９００ｋｇ／１５００ｍ＾２左右，平均养殖容量约为６００ｋｇ／１５００ｍ＾２，养殖量高于养殖平均容量约５０％。该湾栉孔扇贝现养殖总量为２０亿粒，平均养殖密度为５０粒／ｍ＾２。与养殖容量相比，壳高３￣４ｃｍ的孔扇贝的养殖密度尚未达到其养殖容量，有进一步增加养殖密度的潜力；壳高４￣５ｃｍ的中等大小的栉孔扇贝的养殖密度已基本增加密度的潜力；壳高４     

栉孔扇贝三倍体与二倍体的排泄研究

从温度变化、个体大小和昼夜变化等３个角度研究栉孔扇贝（Ｓｃｈｌａｍｙｓ ｆａｒｒｅｉ）三倍体与二倍体的排泄率。结果表明，栉孔扇贝三倍体与二倍体的排泄率均随温度升高而增大；不同壳宽排泄率（Ｎ）与温度（ｔ）的关系为：Ｎ＝７．２０３３ｅ＾０．１２１５ｔ，Ｒ＾２＝０．８４４１（三倍体ｓ组，壳宽约３．２ｃｍ）；Ｎ＝８．８１５３ｅ＾０．１０３１ｔ，Ｒ＾２＝０．９８６３（三倍体ｂ组，壳宽约４．３ｃｍ）；Ｎ＝６．     

套子湾刺参半人工采苗技术

野生稚参比同期人工培育的稚参体质健壮、肉质肥厚、生长速度快,深受养殖业户的欢迎。养殖栉孔扇贝和牡蛎都能不同程度地采集到一定数量的稚参。受此启发,去年在总结往年生产经验的基础上,我们在套子湾扇贝养殖海区结合栉孔扇贝的养殖和栉孔扇贝半人工采苗生产投挂刺参采苗器,进行了刺参半人工采苗试验,现报告如下。     

桑沟湾栉孔扇贝不同养殖方式及适宜养殖水层研究

在桑沟湾内，对栉孔扇贝Ｃｈｌａｍｙｓ（Ａｚｕｍａｐｅｃｔｅｎ）ｆａｒｒｅｒｉ（ＪｏｎｅｓｅｔＰｒｅｓｔｏｎ）的笼养与串耳养殖等不同养殖方式及不同水层（１ｍ、２ｍ、３ｍ、４ｍ）的养殖效果进行了综合试验和分析。结果表明：（１）串耳养殖的扇贝平均壳高增长比笼养扇贝生长快，两种方式效果差异极明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）串耳养殖方式以２ｍ为最佳养殖水层，其次为１ｍ和３ｍ，４ｍ水层最差，而且２ｍ与４ｍ的养殖效果存在明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）笼养方式的最佳水层为４ｍ，其养殖效果依次为４ｍ＞１ｍ＞３ｍ和２ｍ。试验显示，在不同的养殖方式下，栉孔扇贝最佳生长的养殖水层是不同的。本文还对产生这一差异的原因进行了分析讨论     

金钱鱼的生长特性与咸水池塘驯养

研究金钱鱼Ｓｃａｔｏｐｈａｇｕｓ ａｒｇｕｓ的池养习性、食性和生长规律。金钱鱼为底栖动食性为主的杂食性鱼类，生长缓慢，始重０．０６ｇ饲养２６月龄，日均增重（ＡＤＧ）０．２５ｇ，月均增重率（ＧＢｗ）从３４１．６７％逐月下降到７．０４％，月特定生长率（ＳＧＲｗ）从１０２．９２％逐月下降至６．５８％。进行了９ｈｍ＾２池塘单养和混养，其中单养０．８８ｈｍ＾２，最高单产８８２３．５ｋｇ．ｈｍ＾－２，与多种河口近岸经济鱼类合理混养，间养最高单产占有量４７１６ｋｇ．ｈｍ＾－２，作为配养对象的混养，一般单产占有量１８３．４－５７６．６ｋｇ．ｈｍ＾－２。金钱鱼是南海、东海南部沿岸地区海、咸水池塘极具开拓前景的饲养对象。     

虾池养殖刺参技术研究

本文论述了利用虾池养殖刺参，２ｃｍ－３ｃｍ人工育种，经过１５个月养成，商品参回捕率达１５％，平均体重为１７３ｇ，比自然海区生长刺参提前６－１０个月收获，此种养殖方式，为北方地区人工养殖刺参，探索了一条有效途径。     

三倍体长牡蛎浮筏养殖技术的研究

本文报道了两个相邻海区近５００ｈｍ＾２三倍体长牡蛎Ｃｒａｓｓｏｔｒｅａ ｇｉｇａｓ（Ｔｈｕｎｂｅｒｇ）浮筏养殖的研究结果。三倍体牡蛎的采苗器为栉孔扇贝壳，每片采苗器采苗１０￣１２个，以１５￣２０ｃｍ间距夹于３股聚乙（丙）烯蝇间并吊养在浮筏上。三倍体牡蛎在个体重、出肉率和条件指数等养殖经济性状方面比二部体分别增加４２．１％、１６．２％、５６．７％，成活率也有一定的提高。三部体在生长等方面性状优势的生     

Experimental studies on intensive polyculture of Chinese shrimp with bay scallop

用放在海水池塘中的８个陆基围隔（５０ｍ×５０ｍ×１８ｍ），研究中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）与不同密度海湾扇贝（Ａｒｇｏｐｅｃｔｅｎｉｒａｄｉａｎｓ）投饵混养的放养方式、生产力和极限放养量。对虾体长（２８５±０１６）ｃｍ，扇贝壳长（１１０±０１２）ｃｍ，放养密度分别为６０尾／ｍ２和０，１５，４５，７５粒／ｍ２，用投饵和施肥（鸡粪和化肥）饲养。结果表明，扇贝密度为０和１５粒／ｍ２时，对虾的成活率无显著差异。混养（扇贝１５粒／ｍ２）时对虾的出塘体长、体重和产量分别比单养高２５％，３８％和６５％；当扇贝密度高于１５粒／ｍ２时，对虾的平均体长、体重和产量随扇贝密度的增加而显著减少（Ｐ＜００５）。扇贝密度为１５和７５粒／ｍ２时，其产量由４７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２增至１２３６ｋｇ／ｈｍ２；当扇贝密度高时，去壳后湿重占体重的百分数从（４２８４±３４４）％降至（３７８８±４２６）％。扇贝的极限放养量为６００～８００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，适宜放养密度为１０～１５粒／ｍ２。     

桑沟湾栉孔扇贝养殖容量的研究

通过计算单位面积的初级生产量生产的有机碳供应量、单位面积滤食性附着生物量及其对有机碳的需求量，首次对桑沟湾栉孔扇贝养殖容量进行了估算。结果显示，当栉孔扇贝壳高为３￣４ｃｍ时，其养殖总容量为１１０亿粒左右，单位面积养殖容量估算值为９０粒／ｍ＾２；当壳高为４￣５ｃｍ时，其养殖总容量降为７５亿粒，单位面积养殖容量估算值为６０粒／ｍ＾２；当壳高为５￣６ｃｍ时，其养殖总容量仅为４０亿粒，单位面积养殖容量为３     

Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference,Moncton, NB,August 21, 1995

No abstract available for this article.     

Anguilla huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009, is a junior synonym of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009

Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.     

Age,growth, maturity and the overfishing of the iconic sciaenid,Argyrosomus japonicus,in south-eastern,Australia

Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L₅₀ of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L₅₀ of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.     

Surface disinfection of Pacific threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis, and amberjack, Seriola rivoliana, eggs

The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L⁻¹ PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>10⁴ cfu egg⁻¹), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L⁻¹, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L⁻¹ for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L⁻¹) concentrations of H₂O₂ was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg⁻¹).     

Effects of Mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis,on Channel Catfish,Ictalurus puncatatus,Production Ponds

Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.     

Compositional differences,antioxidant activity,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition,and sensory characteristics of kamaboko fermented in wheat,rice, brown rice,and soybean koji

Fisheries Science - Fermentation of kamaboko in koji with wheat (KW), rice (KR), brown rice (KB), or soybean (KS) was performed by simulation of tofuyo processing. Moisture and protein content...     

Sperm Motilities in Waigieu Seaperch,Psammoperca waigiensis: Effects of Various Dilutions,pH, Temperature,Osmolality, and Cations

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature, osmolality, and cations on sperm motility parameters in waigieu seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis. The maximum velocity of average in path (VAP), percentage of motile cells (MOT), and duration of sperm motility (DSM) were observed when semen was diluted in artificial seawater (ASW) at a ratio of 1:100 (144.9 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 95.6 ± 0.4%, and 230.3 ± 2.3 sec, respectively), at 30 C (142.0 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.6 ± 0.4%, and 238.3 ± 0.9 sec, respectively), and pH 8 (144.8 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.3 ± 0.4%, and 234.0 ± 1.5 sec, respectively). Maximum VAP, MOT, and DSM were obtained in each solution containing 0.6 M NaCl (143.8 ± 1.0 µm/sec, 91.3 ± 2.0%, and 230.6 ± 4.2 sec, respectively), 0.6 M KCl (135.1 ± 3.1 µm/sec, 91.1 ± 3.1%, and 230.3 ± 3.7sec, respectively), 0.2M CaCl₂ (105.3 ± 4.7μm/sec, 47.9 ± 2.7%, and 120.7 ± 1.3 sec, respectively), 0.2 M MgCl₂ (107.3 ± 3.0 m/s, 42.1 ± 3.3%, and 120.3 ± 4.8 sec, respectively), and osmolality of 400 mOsm/kg (145.1 ± 2.5 µm/sec, 93.0 ± 2.1%, and 346.5 ± 4.4s, respectively). We used these mediums as artificial insemination media for fertilizing matured eggs. The results showed that the fertilization and hatching rates in 0.6 M NaCl (75.3 ± 0.6% and 57.0 ± 2.4%, respectively), ASW (70.8 ± 1.2% and 51.2 ± 1.8%, respectively), or 400 mOsm/kg (72.9 ± 1.8% and 55.3 ± 1.6%, respectively) were higher than that in seawater (63.9 ± 1.2% and 39.2 ± 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, using 0.6 M NaCl, ASW, or 400 mOsm/kg as an artificial insemination medium is effective for fertilizing of waigieu seaperch.