潘家口水库网箱养鲢,鳙总结

潘家口水库网箱养鲢、鳙经过试验、推广和发展等过程,不断地进行技术革新,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。目前,水库网箱养鲢、鳙面积约１６ ｈｍ２ ,平均单产８ ｋｇ／ｍ２ ,投入产出比１∶１－８     

鲤乌仔当年养成食用鱼试验

１９９２年一口面积３３３３ｍ＾２的池塘直接放养建鲤乌仔１．７５万尾，放养鲢夏花１．２万尾，经过１４３天饲养，当年共产鱼６６１７ｋｇ，折合单产１９８４５ｋｇ／，占８０％，平均规格达到４５８ｇ／尾，成活率６５．８％，饲料系数２．２３；产鲢鱼种１３４５ｋｇ，占２０％，平均规格１６１ｇ，成活率７０％，共盈利２３５４０．１５元，投入产出比１：２．１。     

网箱养殖黄鳝的试验研究

本试验在池塘中进行，设置网箱２６０只，面积５５４０ｍ＾２。试验结果，鳝鱼总产量１６９８５．６ｋｇ，平均单产３．０７ｋｇ／ｍ＾２，平均规格０．２５ｋｇ／尾，成活率６０．７５％；饵料系数５．７５，增重倍数２．４５，投入产出比１：２．４８，单位面积盈利７３．２４元／ｍ＾２。     

司家庄水库培育大规格鱼种高大试验

利用小型水库培育大规格鱼种，获得了成功，３２ｈａ水面，投放草鱼、鲢、鳙寸片１１５万尾，放养密度３．１８万尾／ｈａ，翌年春季捕捞，生产出大规格鱼种１４１６２ｋｇ，鱼种单产４４２．６ｋｇ／ｈａ，草鱼平均规格３．５尾／ｋｇ，鲢鱼种规格达到５０－７０尾／ｋｇ，鳙鱼种规格达到了３０－４０尾／ｋｇ。     

莺河一库渔业潜力及开发对策

对莺河一库水质的调查分析和饵料生物的定量测定得出：该库属中营养型水库，浮游植物初级生产力平均２３．９６ｋｇＯ＿２／ｈａ·ｄ，其中鱼类生长期内初级生产力３２１．１６ｋｇＯ＿２／ｈａ·ｄ，净生产量２５．７３ｋｇＯ＿２／ｈａ·ｄ，净生产量之和为５４０３．３ｋｇＯ＿２／ｈａ，折合浮游植物鲜重为２８６３７．５ｋｇ／ｈａ；浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物的生物量分别为３．２ｍｇ／Ｌ、１．２６ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．８５ｇ／ｍ￣２，水库近期鱼产力为３６３．６ｋｇ／ｈａ，总产量２０．９４万ｋｇ。该库历年平均成鱼单产为８８．４ｋｇ／ｈａ，占估算鱼产力的２４．３％，水库的渔业潜力有待开发利用，因此，提出了今后合理开发水库渔业资源的对策。     

星云湖网箱养鲤高产高效技术总结

星云湖是滇中一高原隐落性浅水湖泊，面积３４６７ｈｍ＾２。１９９５￣１９９９年开展了网箱养鲤，鲤成鱼单产最高为２６０ｋｇ／ｍ＾２，饵料系数３．２５，成活率９５％；鱼种单产６０ｋｇ／ｍ＾２，饵料系数２．３，成活率６０％。１年就可收回投资。     

控温快速养殖中华鳖技术的研究

利用玻璃温室采光加温和塑料大棚采光增温两种方式，分别在越冬前和越冬后进行稚鳖和幼鳖养殖，投喂全价配合饲料，结果：稚鳖经１００天的饲养，平均体重从３—５ｇ长到７２．２５ｇ，平均日增重０．６８ｇ／只，饵料系数为１．３０，成活率９４．６６％，单产为１．２９ｋｇ／ｍ２，幼鳖经７３天饲养，平均体重从７２．２５ｇ长到２５１．５７ｇ，平均日增重为２．４６ｇ／只，饵料系数１．２６，成活率９７．３２％，单产３．１２ｋｇ／ｍ２。此种养殖方式，为北方地区人工快速养鳖，探索了一条有效途径。     

半咸水小型水库精养高产试验

半咸水水库面积４４ｈｍ２，采用配合饲料养鲤、鲫、鲂、草鱼和梭鱼，并搭养鲢、鳙，两年单产分别达到８４９１４ｋｇ／ｈｍ２和９１０７７ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，每公顷水面盈利超过２万元。     

雪野水库网箱养鳜鱼试验

１９９７年７￣１０月在莱芜市雪野水库设置２７只网箱，进行鳜鱼养殖试验。总产鱼１２９５９．３ｋｇ，平均尾重１．２ｋｇ，商品率８６．５％，平均单产１９．２ｋｇ／ｍ＾２，最高单产２３ｋｇ／ｍ＾２，投入产出比为１：２．５７。试验认为，饵料鱼规格应控制在鳜鱼体长的４０％￣５５％，在网箱中设置隐蔽物，采用饱食投喂法，可以提高成活率，降低饵料系数。     

水库定置张网常年捕捞新渔法试验

定置张网常年捕捞新渔法于１９８８－１９９１年分别在三座水库（养鱼面积计１３１９ｈａ）中进行试验。试验期间共捕捞成鱼５３．８０万ｋｇ，占同期成鱼总产的６０．９９％（最高的水库达９３．０２％）；单箱捕鱼年产量平均为１．３５万ｋｇ（最高的水库为２．２５万ｋｇ）；成鱼捕捞成本平均为０．７０元／ｋｇ（最低的水库为９．６０元）。该渔法的综合经济效益比传统的联合渔法捕捞平均高３８．８％。     

池塘养鱼大面积高产技术推广试验

在总面积为２１６５ｈｍ＾３的池塘中，试验推广４种养鱼模式，池塘设置小网箱等技术，取得大面积高产结果：平均亩产６５２９．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，平均盈利１２０１０．５／ｈｍ＾２，比推广前３年平均亩产提高５５．９％，鉴定认为，在养殖面积，单产水平及综合管理技术等方面达我国北方同类水域的先进水平。     

水库灌溉渠道微流水养鱼试验

进行了灌溉渠道微流水养鱼试验，１９９２年共产鲁、罗非鱼、淡水鲳成鱼７４９３ｋｇ，折合亩产９６５８ｋｇ，总收入６０４５９元，纯利１７４１９元。这种方式比网箱养鱼更安全、更易管理。     

2种新型塑胶环保型网箱养殖褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)与大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)效果的评估

以褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)和大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为养殖对象,设计了2种新型的鲆鲽类网箱,即新型塑胶环保型单、双层网箱。通过褐牙鲆和大菱鲆网箱养殖实验来验证2种新型的网箱在实际生产中的可行性。结果显示,褐牙鲆传统木箱养殖组的商品鱼成活率为92.73%,单位面积产量为16.42 kg/m~2;塑胶单层网箱养殖组的成活率为96.37%,单位面积产量为17.42 kg/m~2。2个组的成活率、单位面积产量均存在显著差异(P0.05),单位面积产量同比增产6.10%。小规格大菱鲆传统网箱商品鱼成活率为92.50%,单位面积产量为8.09 kg/m~2;塑胶单层网箱组的商品鱼成活率为92.50%,单位面积产量为8.02 kg/m~2;塑胶双层网箱组的商品鱼成活率为92.00%,单位面积产量为10.53 kg/m~2,与传统网箱、单层塑胶网箱存在显著差异(P0.05),且同比增产分别为30.00%、31.00%。大规格大菱鲆单、双层塑胶环保型网箱养殖的成活率达到95.00%以上,单位面积产量均为14.52–16.32 kg/m~2;大规格大菱鲆双层网箱实验组平均尾重与单层网箱示范组差异显著(P0.05),单位养殖面积产量同比单层网箱示范组增产11.00%。研究表明,新型塑胶环保网箱养殖褐牙鲆效果良好。新型网箱相对于传统木制网箱除了具有节能环保、节约资源、操作便利的特点外,双层网箱养殖可提高有效利用面积,增加养殖效益。     

煤矿塌陷地网箱生态养鳙试验报告

在未治理塌陷地水域,设置生态养鳙网箱52箱。使用生态养殖技术(不投饵),利用微生物制剂及人工诱导饵料生物技术,在25m~2网箱内放养鱼种300尾,其中鳙规格为165g／尾。经过137天的养殖,网箱平均单产19．72kg／m~2,其中鳙单产14．97kg／m~2,折合每667m~2产鳙9985kg。网箱平均产值达138．06元／m~2,净收入为99．66元／m~2,投入产出比为 1∶3．59。     

高产池塘混养鱼类关系的研究

应用灰色关联度分析法分析了影响顺德高产池塘鱼产量的主因子，并对顺德高产池塘的多品种混养鱼类关系进行分析，各种不同鱼类的放养对产量的关系为：草鱼放养量对鲢的净产量影响最大（Ｒ＝０．８２４２）其次为鳙放养对草鱼的净产量影响（Ｒ＝０．８０７５）最小为鲮的放养对鳙的净产量关系（Ｒ＝０．２１０２）鳙的放养为优势母因子，鲢的收获为优势子因子。     

池塘主养彭泽鲫鱼种高产试验报告

池塘面积1067m^3，主养彭泽鲫鱼种，搭配团头鲂及鲢鳙鱼种，经156天饲养，共产鱼1029．6kg，折合667m^2产鱼643．5kg。其中每667m^2产彭泽鲫鱼种367．8kg,平均规格70g。每667m^2利润3498元。投入产出比为1：1．67。     

用浮游植物的生产量估算武昌东湖鲢鳙生产潜力与鱼种放养量的探讨

本文根据浮游植物生产量求得对鲢、鳙的供饵能力，并通过浮游植物对鲢、鳙转化效率的计算，估算出武昌东湖鲢、鳙的生产潜力，进而求得武昌东湖鲢、鳙的合理投放量。作者求得东湖浮游植物全年对鲢、鳙的供饵能力是61，153吨(鲜重)；由此估算出东湖鲢、鳙的生产潜力是789公斤／公顷以上，每年鱼种(四寸以上)的合理投放量，鲢是209万尾，鳙是110万尾。     

Chironomid farming — A means of recycling farm manure and potentially reducing water pollution in Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, chironomid larvae are grown on chicken manure. The larvae are used in large quantities as live food for aquarium fish and carnivorous fish fry in fish culture. In this survey, the culture technique and yield of chironomid farming were studied. The technique is simple: at temperatures of 15–30°C the yield is about 140 kg in a 675 m² field per cycle of 50 days. Since a large quantity of chicken manure, about 1440 kg, is consumed in each cycle, and there is also the possibility of using other farm wastes to grow chironomid larvae, this highly profitable chironomid farming may be developed to reduce the problem of stream pollution due to the farm wastes.     

丹江口水库翘嘴红鲌资源评析与合理利用

本文论述对翘嘴红鲌所作的观测,获得年龄、生长资料。采用Schaefer,Beverton-Holt模式评析。结果表明:翘嘴红鲌体重生长拐点为3.4110龄,自然死亡率M=0.4079,捕捞死亡率F=0.1050,总死亡系数Z=0.5129,最大持续产量MSY=113.21吨,最适捕捞强度f_(MSY)=458164公斤/日·吨,当F=0.2、t_e=2.5时,渔获量是现行产量的2.65倍。     

POLYCULTURE OF THE FRESHWATER PRAWN (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) WITH TWO COMBINATIONS OF CARPS IN MANURED PONDS

A study was conducted to 1) evaluate the compatibility of prawns (Macrobrachiurn rosenbergii) with carps, especially the effect of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio); and 2) measure the ability of prawns to utilize the foods available in manured systems. Carps used were the silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead (Aristichthys nobilis), grass (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Four ponds (0.09 to 0.17 ha) were stocked with silver, bighead and grass carps while common carp were stocked in only two ponds. Total fish densities were 8,600/ha where four carps were stocked, but only 6,200/ha when common carp were omitted. Post-larval prawns (wt 0.116 g) were stocked at densities of 17/m². Swine (approximately 60/ha of pond surface area) were housed on pond dikes so that fresh manure continuously entered each pond. Two lots of swine were fattened during the experimental period and loadings of swine manure were calculated based on hog size and feed consumption. Growth periods were 163 days for fish and 107 and 121 days for separate stockings of prawns. Gains in biomass by prawns averaged 714 kg/ha in ponds without common carp and 364 kg/ha in ponds containing common carp. Gains in biomass for both fish and prawns were 3,619 kg/ha (19.8 kg/ha/day) in ponds with common carp and 2,924 kg/ha (18.0 kg/ha/day) in those without common carp. Prawn survival was higher (X = 84.5% vs X = 72.5%), but final average weight of prawns was lower (2.64 vs 5.86 g) in the presence of common carp due to competition for food between common carp and prawns. Competition from carp is believed to have exerted less influence on prawn survival than predation on small prawns by larger, faster-growing prawns.