加酶益生素对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本次试验选用400只1日龄樱桃谷商品肉鸭,随机分成2组,一个试验组,一个对照组,每组4个重复,每个重复50只。试验组的日粮中添加0.3%的加酶益生素,以探讨在肉鸭日粮中添加加酶益生素对其生长、死亡率、饲料转化率的影响。试验结果表明:添加0.3%的加酶益生素能促进肉鸭增重、提高饲料报酬、降低死亡率和提高经济效益。     

加酶益生素对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本次试验选用400只1日龄樱桃谷商品肉鸭，随机分成2组．一个试验组，一个对照组．每组4个重复，每个重复50只。试验组的日粮中添加0．3％的加酶益生素，以探讨在肉鸭日粮中添加加酶益生素对其生长、死亡率、饲料转化率的影响。试验结果表明：添加0．3％的加酶益生素能促进肉鸭增重、提高饲料报酬、降低死亡率和提高经济效益。     

日粮中添加大豆油对肉鸭生产性能的影响

重庆市养猪科学研究院李仕璋等选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭600只,随机分为10个组9个试验组和1个对照组,每组2个重复,每个重复30只肉仔鸭.试验组采用二因素、三个水平的完全随机设计,即在饲粮中添加3%、6%和9%的大豆油,每个比例分别添饲1周、2周、3周,旨在研究日粮中添加大豆油的用量和时间对肉鸭生产性能的影响.结果表明:各试验组之间以及各试验组与对照组之间肉鸭的死亡率无显著差异(P＞0.05);各试验组与对照组之间肉鸭的饲料转化率差异显著(P＜0.05),各试验组之间肉鸭的饲料转化率无显著差异(P＞0.05);添加大豆油的比例、时期及比例与添饲时期的互作对肉鸭的日增重均有极显著的影响(P＜0.01),而以添加6%的比例添饲2周的效果最好.     

饲料中添加油脂对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本试验选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭500只,随机分为10个组(9个试验组和1个对照组),每组50只肉仔鸭。试验组采用二因素、每个因素三个水平的完全随机设计,即在饲粮中添加3%、6%、和9%的大豆油,每个比例分别添饲1周、2周、3周,旨在研究日粮中添加大豆油的用量和时间对肉鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明:各试验组之间以及各试验组与对照组之间肉鸭的死亡率无显著差异(P>0.05);各试验组与对照组之间肉鸭的饲料转化率有显著差异(P<0.05),各试验组之间肉鸭的饲料转化率无显著差异(P>0.05);添加大豆油的比例、时期及比例与添饲时的互作对肉鸭的日增重均有极显著的影响(P<0.01),而以添加6%的比例添饲两周的效果最好。     

加酶益生素与土霉素对肉鸭饲喂效果试验

本次试验选用３００只１日龄樱桃谷商品肉鸭，随机分成３组，２个试验组，１个对照组，每组２个重复，每个重复５０只。试验１组的日粮中添加０．２％的加酶益生素，试验２组的日粮中添加４０ｐｐｍ的土霉素，以探讨在肉鸭日粮中添加入加酶益生素和土霉素对其生长、死亡率、饲料转化率和经济效益的效果比较。试验结果表明：饲喂加酶益生素组比对照组在促进肉鸭增重、提高饲料报酬方面差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。而添加加酶益生素地和土霉素组间在生长，死亡率、饲料转化率和经济效益方面差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

甜菜碱饲喂肉鸭效果研究

试验选用1日龄樱桃谷肉仔鸭500只,随机分为A、B、C、D、E组,每组2个重复,每个重复50只肉仔鸭。A组饲喂基础料,B、C、D、E组饲粮为甜菜碱按甜菜碱:蛋氨酸1∶2的比例分别替代基础料Ⅰ(l～3周龄用)和基础料Ⅱ(4～6周龄用)中蛋氨酸添加量的1/2和2/3、1/2和1/2、2/3和2/3、2/3和1/2而形成,以研究甜菜碱部分替代肉鸭基础料中蛋氨酸添加量对l～42日龄肉鸭生产性能的最佳替代水平。结果表明:在肉鸭基础料中用甜菜碱替代蛋氨酸添加量的最佳水平为1/2(1～3周龄)和2/3(4～6周龄)。     

早期限饲对肉鸡补偿生长性的影响

目的探讨早期限饲对肉鸡补偿生长的影响。方法试验选取健康艾维茵肉雏鸡330只,设A、B、C、D 4个处理组,A组为对照组,B、C、D组为试验组。试验各组分别于5、8、11日龄开始限饲1周,且每个试验组设10%、20%、30%3个限饲水平,即B组分为B1、B2、B3 3组,C组分为C1、C2、C3 3组,D组分为D1、D2、D3 3组,共9个试验组。每个试验组3个重复,对照组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,分别于限饲结束时(11、14、17日龄)及21、35、49日龄测定生长性能并进行回归分析。结果肉雏鸡11～17日龄限饲最好,最佳限饲水平为47%(R~2=0.905 1);5～11日龄、8～14日龄最佳限饲水平为14%,超过29%时,49日龄不能获得完全补偿生长(R~2=0.591 3)。结论肉雏鸡11～17日龄限饲最好,最佳限饲水平为47%;肉雏鸡5～11日龄、8～14日龄的最佳限饲水平为14%。     

饲料中添加油脂对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本试验选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭500只，随机分为10个组（9个试验组和1个对照组），每组50只肉仔鸭。试验组采用二因素、每个因素三个水平的完全随机设计．即在饲粮中添加3％、6％、和9％的大豆油，每个比例分别添饲1周、2周、3周，旨在研究日粮中添加大豆油的用量和时间对内鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明：各试验组之问以及各试验组与对照组之间肉鸭的死亡率无显著差异（P〉0．05）；各试验组与对照组之间肉鸭的饲料转化率有显著差异（P〈0．05），各试验组之间肉鸭的饲料转化率无显著差异（P〉0．05）；添加大豆油的比例、时期及比例与添饲时的互作对内鸭的日增重均有极显著的影响（P〈0．01）．而以添加6％的比例添饲两周的效果最好。     

双乙酸钠在肉鸭日粮中的添饲效果试验

选用1日龄健康樱桃谷肉鸭600只,随机分为3组,每组设4个重复,每个重复50只肉鸭,试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计。A组饲喂基础日粮,B组、C组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加0.2%、0.4%的双乙酸钠。试验结果表明:日粮中添加双乙酸钠对肉鸭日增重、瘦肉率有显著影响(P<0.05);对肉鸭的饲料转化率有极显著影响(P<0.01);对肉鸭的成活率和屠宰率、皮脂率无显著影响(P>0.05)。B组日增重比A组提高了8.65%(P<0.05),比C组提高了5.45%(P>0.05);B组料肉比较A组降低了11.52%(P<0.01),较C组降低了3.29%(P<0.05);B组的成活率与A组、C组间差异不显著(P>0.05);B组每只肉鸭分别比A、C组多盈利1.04元、1.06元。     

双乙酸钠对肉鸭生产性能的影响

选用1日龄健康樱桃谷肉鸭750只,随机分为3组,每组设5个重复,每个重复50只肉鸭,试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计。A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B组、C组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加0.2%、0.4%的双乙酸钠。试验结果表明:日粮中添加双乙酸钠对肉鸭日增重有显著影响(P<0.05);对肉鸭的饲料转化率有极显著影响(P<0.01);对肉鸭的成活率无显著影响(P>0.05)。B组日增重比A组提高了8.65%(P<0.05),比C组提高了5.45%(P>0.05);B组料肉比较A组降低了11.52%(P<0.01),较C组降低了3.29%(P<0.05);B组的成活率与A组、C组间差异不显著(P>0.05);B组每只肉鸭分别比A、C组多盈利1.04元、1.06元。     

中草药饲料添加剂“三黄散”对肉鸭生产性能的影响

为评定中草药饲料添加剂"三黄散"对肉鸭生产性能的影响,本研究选用1日龄肉鸭90只,随机分成2组,每组设3个重复,每重复15只。第一组为对照组,饲喂全价料;第二组为试验组,全价料+1%中草药饲料添加剂"三黄散"。饲养期为56d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组日增重效果差异不显著(P>0.05),饲料转化率差异不显著(P>0.05),成活率提高2.3%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

日粮中膨润土的使用对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本试验选用6日龄600只花边肉鸭随机分为5组,每处理3个重复,分别饲喂同一基础日粮用1%、2%、3%、4%、5%钙基膨润土稀释的日粮。7d的试验结果表明:随膨润土用量增加肉鸭增重、采食量和耗料/增重(FCR)呈精确的四次曲线变化,R2=1;膨润土用量超过2%时肉鸭增重有轻微下降(p≥0.44),采食量显著上升(p<0.05);膨润土用量2%～5%处理比1%处理FCR上升4.5%～5.7%。以FCR和单位增重成本为指标,膨润土的最适添加水平为1%。     

Effect of dietary administration of Psychrobacter sp. on the growth,feed utilization,digestive enzymes and immune responses of grouper Epinephelus coioides

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of incorporating dietary Psychrobacter sp., one predominant bacterium with antagonistic activity in the gut of fast‐growing grouper Epinephelus coioides, on the growth, feed utilization, digestive enzymes and immune responses of E. coioides at regular monthly intervals. The fish were fed with control diet (without probiont) or probiotic diet supplemented with 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU g^?1Psychrobacter sp. No significant improvement in weight gain (WG) and specific growth ratio (SGR) were observed in the probiotic group, but a significant improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in fish fed the probiotic diet for 60 days. Although not statistically significant, enhanced hepatopancreatic protease and lipase activities and intestinal amylase activity were observed in probiotic group at day 60. A slightly increase in phagocytic activity and phagocytic index was observed in fish fed probiotic diet for 60 days. Serum lysozyme activity showed no significant differences between the probiotic group and the control group during the whole experiment period, while an increasing trend of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the probiotic group was observed. Serum complement component 3 (C3) level of the probiotic group was higher than that of control in the whole feeding period, while complement component 4 (C4) level of the probiotic group was significantly higher than that of the control at day 60. The results of the current study firstly demonstrated potential for Psychrobacter sp. as a novel probiont to improve feed utilization, digestive enzymes and innate immunity in E. coioides.     

肉鸭3～7周龄预混料及全价饲料优化配方研究

本研究在“肉鸭3～7周龄基础日粮优化配方研究”的基础上，将筛选出的肉鸭3～7周龄2套基础日粮优化配方与3套不同类型的预混料配方进行组合，进行饲养试验与屠宰测定，观察肉鸭的生长速度、饲料报酬、成活率、单位增重饲料成本、屠体品质等性状。结果显示：本试验设计的预混料配方Ⅲ是肉鸭3～7周龄预混料优化配方，优化基础配方Ⅰ与预混料配方Ⅲ、Ⅱ的组合均为肉鸭3～7周龄全价饲料优化配方。     

投喂频率对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼胃排空、生长性能和体组成的影响

通过胃排空试验与养殖试验研究了不同投喂频率对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的胃排空、生长性能以及体组成的影响.在试验开始时,观测尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的胃内饲料排空情况,胃排空试验结果表明,胃排空率的最佳描述为平方根函数,胃内饲料在饱食投喂后15 h左右完全排空,达到投喂前水平,80％胃排空为9h,也就是投喂后大约9h恢复食欲.360尾试验鱼(初始体质量3.72 g)以不同的投喂频率(1d4次、1d3次、1d2次、2d4次、2d3次、2d2次)分组,每组设立3个平行组,随机养殖于18个网箱中,每箱养殖20尾鱼,按饱食量投饲膨化饲料.养殖期为6周.尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼在投喂频率为1d4次、1d3次和1d2次时特定生长率和饲料效率显著高于投喂频率为2d4次、2d3次和2d2次时(P＜0.05)；投喂频率为1d2次、2d4次、2d3次和2d2次时其摄食量显著低于1d4次和1d3次时(P＜0.05).随着投喂频率降低,鱼体水分含量逐步上升,脂肪和蛋白质含量逐步下降,其中1d4次、1d3次组鱼与2d2次组鱼有显著性差异(P＜0.05).各投喂频率组间的肝体指数无显著性差异(P＞0.05).3.7～48.0 g尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的适宜投喂频率为1d2次,较2d2次、2d3次和2d4次时明显提高了生长速度和饲料效率,较1d3次、1d4次摄食量显著降低.2种试验结果较为一致.     

Probiotic bacteria <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus rhamnosus</Emphasis> influences the blood profile in rainbow trout <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis> (Walbaum)

This paper reports the effect of feeding probiotic diets on blood profiles in rainbow trout. Two experiments were performed: in the first, fish of average weight 75 g were offered either a commercial feed or the same incorporated with 10⁹ CFU g⁻¹ of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus for 30 days; in the second study performed for a similar duration, fish of average weight 126 g were offered formulated diets that either contained the same bacteria in heat-killed or freeze-dried form (nearly 10¹¹ CFU g⁻¹), or the basal diet without the bacteria. Blood samples were collected at different times after commencement of probiotic feeding to determine the total cholesterol, triglyceride contents, the plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, plasma protein and hematocrit value. The plasma cholesterol significantly increased upon probiotic feeding in the first experiment. A significant elevation (P < 0.05) of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride and alkaline phosphatase activity level was found in the freeze-dried probiotic fed groups at 20 and 30 days postfeeding. This was concomitant with the increased plasma protein and hematocrit values in FD group at 20 and 30 days. Likewise, the heat-killed probiotic fed group registered significantly high values of triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase activity, and plasma protein compared to the control diet fed groups after 20 days of feeding. Thus, alterations in the blood profiles could serve as supplementary information when examining the benefits of probiotics for fish.     

Effects of stocking density and feeding levels on growth and feed efficiency of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fry

The effects of stocking density and feeding levels on larval survival, growth rates, feed utilization efficiency and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fry were investigated in two consecutive experiments. In experiment 1, swimup fry (0.016 g average body weight) were stocked in 20‐L fibreglass tanks, in a closed, recirculating indoor system, at five stocking densities (3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 fry L^?1) and fed a larval test diet (40% crude protein) to apparent satiation, three times a day, for 40 days. Fish survival, percentage weight gain and specific growth rate (% SGR) were negatively correlated with stocking density. The best performance was achieved at 3 fry L^?1. However, no significant differences in growth parameters were found between 3 and 5 fry L^?1. Body composition was not significantly affected by stocking density. In experiment 2, fry (0.016 g average body weight) were stocked at 5 fry L^?1, and fed a larval test diet (40% crude protein) at six feeding levels (10%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 35% BW day^?1) and to satiation, three times a day for 40 days. Fish growth rates and survival were extremely poor at 10% feeding level, and improved significantly with increasing feeding levels up to 30%, and levelled off with further increase in feeding levels. On the contrary, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein production value (PPV) were negatively correlated with feeding level. The lowest feeding level (10%) produced significantly lower body lipid and higher protein and ash than other feeding levels. The present results suggest that the optimum stocking density and feeding level of Nile tilapia fry are 5 fry L^?1 and 30% per day respectively.