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1.
在禁食胁迫下,对在盐度为0(S0)和30(S30)水体中的凡纳滨对虾肌肉游离氨基酸(FAA)的浓度变化进行测定.结果表明,禁食15d后,两种盐度中的凡纳滨对虾肌肉游离氨基酸总量均有所升高,但其中游离的牛磺酸(Tau)、苏氨酸(Thr)、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙氨酸(Ala)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、缬氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸(Met)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、赖氨酸(Lys)、组氨酸(His)的浓度却有不同程度的降低,脯氨酸(Pro)在禁食15d后的浓度降为0,牛磺酸(Tau)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丙氨酸(Ala)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、赖氨酸(Lys)的降幅也比较显著(P<0.05);但甘氨酸(Gly)、天门冬氨酸(Asp)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、精氨酸(Arg)等主要游离氨基酸的浓度却显著升高,从而使游离氨基酸总浓度升高.实验表明,凡纳滨对虾肌肉里游离氨基酸浓度在禁食胁迫下降解代谢强度不一,饲料中添加脯氨酸(Pro)、精氨酸(Arg)和赖氨酸(Lys)等游离氨基酸后,可能会对凡纳滨对虾的生长起到促进作用.  相似文献   

2.
哲罗鱼稚鱼氨基酸的需要量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用高生物价的酪蛋白、明胶为蛋白源的蛋白饲料(PD)和无蛋白饲料(FPD)饲养哲罗鱼稚鱼(6.8~7.3g),通过在实验开始和结束时测定鱼体氨基酸的组成,研究氨基酸的增重需要和维持需要,并计算哲罗鱼必需氨基酸的需求量。试验在室内玻璃钢水族箱中进行,分两个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼。试验期间水温23~25℃,溶氧为6.4~7.5mg/L,试验共进行28d。试验结果表明,与FPD组相比,PD组鱼成活率、饲料系数、增重率、粗脂肪的含量均显著升高(P<0.05),而FPD组的水分含量显著增加(P<0.05)。PD组和FPD组鱼体粗蛋白的末含量与初始值相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。鱼体必需氨基酸的维持量(除色氨酸外)均占鱼体必需氨基酸的增加量和维持量之和的20%~30%,色氨酸占54.52%,所以在估计鱼体必需氨基酸的需要量时,鱼体必需氨基酸的维持量是不能忽略的。哲罗鱼各种EAA需求量[g/(100g鱼体重)/d]为苏氨酸(Thr)0.040,缬氨酸(Va1)0.041,蛋氨酸(Met)0.027,异亮氨酸(I1e)0.034,亮氨酸(Leu)0.067,苯丙氨酸(Phe)0.035,赖氨酸(Lys)0...  相似文献   

3.
盐度骤变南美白对虾肌肉中游离氨基酸的组成分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
吕敏 《淡水渔业》2005,(Z1):30-32
本实验将南美白对虾分别放入盐度为0‰、10‰、20‰、30‰、40‰、50‰水体暂养5 min,取其肌肉测定游离氨基酸含量.结果表明,在南美白对虾肌肉中,游离氨基酸含量最高的是甘氨酸(Gly),其次是精氨酸(Arg)、脯氨酸(Pro)和丙氨酸(Ala).在5 min内,盐度为10‰时,游离氨基酸总浓度达最高,为221.587 μmol/g鲜重,比盐度为0‰和50‰时分别提高11.7%和10.85%,差异显著(P<0.05).其中,天冬氨酸(Asp)丝氨酸(Ser)、甘氨酸(Gly)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、缬氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸(Met)、亮氨酸(Leu)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、赖氨酸(Lys)、精氨酸(Arg)等11种氨基酸在不同盐度中其浓度变化存在显著差异(P<0.05),其余无显著变化.  相似文献   

4.
银鲳与翎鲳肌肉必需氨基酸组成模式的比较分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
比较分析了相同规格银鲳与翎鲳幼鱼肌肉必需氨基酸的组成模式。结果显示,银鲳与翎鲳肌肉中氨基酸均以谷氨酸含量最高,分别为2.91、2.77 g/100 g湿物质,色氨酸含量最低,分别为0.17、0.18 g/100 g湿物质;银鲳肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量及呈味氨基酸总量分别为18.08、9.32与6.84 g/100 g湿物质,翎鲳肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量及呈味氨基酸总量分别为17.25、8.80与6.60 g/100 g湿物质;银鲳肌肉中必需氨基酸的组成比例为缬氨酸∶蛋氨酸∶异亮氨酸∶亮氨酸∶苏氨酸∶苯丙氨酸∶组氨酸∶赖氨酸∶精氨酸∶色氨酸=6.02∶3.12∶5.66∶9.45∶4.33∶4.50∶2.56∶11.15∶7.06∶1.00,翎鲳肌肉必需氨基酸中缬氨酸∶蛋氨酸∶异亮氨酸∶亮氨酸∶苏氨酸∶苯丙氨酸∶组氨酸∶赖氨酸∶精氨酸∶色氨酸=5.64∶2.42∶5.18∶8.74∶4.12∶4.13∶2.46∶10.28∶6.65∶1.00。统计分析表明,银鲳与翎鲳间肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、呈味氨基酸总量以及必需氨基酸的组成模式并无显著性差异(P0.05)。  相似文献   

5.
鱼类碱性氨基酸需求研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
蛋白质是构成生命的基础物质,是由氨基酸组成的含氮高分子化合物。饲料蛋白质被鱼体摄食后,必须在鱼消化道中各种消化酶的作用下分解成氨基酸后才能被鱼体吸收利用。因此氨基酸构成决定了蛋白质的质量。已经证明,鱼类的必需氨基酸有赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸10种。不同种鱼要求蛋白质中各种必需氨基酸所占的比例不同,  相似文献   

6.
盐度对凡纳滨对虾肌肉中游离氨基酸含量的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过逐渐升高盐度的方法,分别测定盐度为0、10、20、30和40时凡纳滨对虾肌肉中游离氨基酸(FAA)的含量,实验周期40 h。结果表明:在盐度0~40时,总游离氨基酸(TOFAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、非必需氨基酸(NEAA)和鲜味氨基酸(TAA)的含量都随盐度的增加而明显升高(P0.05);特别是当盐度从20增加到30时,肌肉中TOFAA、EAA、NEAA和TAA含量的增高幅度最明显。在凡纳滨对虾肌肉FAA中,含量最高的是甘氨酸(Gly),其次是脯氨酸(Pro)、精氨酸(Arg)和丙氨酸(Ala)。在盐度为0~40范围内,肌肉中主要的渗透压调节因子是甘氨酸(Gly)、脯氨酸(Pro)、精氨酸(Arg)、丙氨酸(Ala)和牛磺酸(Tau);而天冬氨酸(Asp)、丝氨酸(Ser)、缬氨酸(Val)、甲硫氨酸(Met)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)和酪氨酸(Tyr)的含量在各盐度组未呈现显著变化(P0.05)。在淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾出售前的40 h,通过提高水体盐度来提高凡纳滨对虾肉质的鲜味是完全可行的。  相似文献   

7.
采用国标(GB)检测方法,依据FAO/WHO的评价规定,对2010年发现于常德珊珀湖后经人工选育的金鳙和2015~2016年采样于常德珊泊湖的黑鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)进行肌肉营养成分分析和评价。结果表明,金鳙肌肉鲜样的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分水平分别为76.1%、20.6%、0.52%、1.1%,黑鳙的相应指标为76%、19.8%、0.48%、1.2%,其中两者间粗脂肪含量有显著性差异。金鳙和黑鳙的肌肉干样中17种氨基酸总含量分别为88.69 g/100 g和87.68 g/100 g、鱼类必需氨基酸含量为43.2 g/100 g和42.63 g/100 g、呈味氨基酸含量为32.52 g/100 g和32.32 g/100 g,没有显著性差异。两者肌肉氨基酸含量高低的排序也一致,含量最高的均为Glu,其次为Asp、Lys、Leu,含量最低的为Pro;必需氨基酸中含量最高的是Lys、Leu,最低的是Met。两种鳙鱼间除2种含硫氨基酸(Met、Cys)和组氨酸(His)含量有显著性差异外,其他氨基酸含量基本一致。从AAS和CS评分值可见,两者的限制性氨基酸均为Val、Ile或Thr。两者的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为80.47和80.13。研究说明,人工选育的金鳙具有与天然水域鳙鱼相当的营养品质。  相似文献   

8.
对莫荷罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus×Oreochromis hornorum)进行主要营养成分分析,并对其营养价值进行了评价。测定结果表明:莫荷罗非鱼肌肉水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量分别为(72.55±0.04)%、(24.22±0.13)%、(1.70±0.04)%、(1.40±0.02)%;莫荷罗非鱼肌肉中17种氨基酸总量为88.34%(干重),必需氨基酸总量为36.19%,占氨基酸总量的41%,4种风味氨基酸总量为34.52%,占氨基酸总量的39%。以AAS进行评价,莫荷罗非鱼肌肉中第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸(Val),第二限制性氨基酸为亮氨酸(Leu)。以CS进行评价,第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸(Met+Cys),第二限制性氨基酸为为缬氨酸(Val)。其必需氨基酸指数为93.55。实验分析表明,莫荷罗非鱼是一种营养价值较高,具有较好食用价值的鱼类。  相似文献   

9.
野生与养殖银鲳幼鱼氨基酸含量的比较   总被引:12,自引:7,他引:5  
比较了野生与养殖银鲳幼鱼氨基酸的含量。结果显示,野生与养殖银鲳鱼体中均以谷氨酸含量最高,组氨酸含量最低,必需氨基酸中均以赖氨酸含量最高,并且四种呈味氨基酸的含量由高到低的顺序均为谷氨酸>天冬氨酸>甘氨酸>丙氨酸。养殖银鲳鱼体中脯氨酸含量较野生银鲳明显升高(变异系数为11.16%),但丝氨酸、酪氨酸及八种必需氨基酸(缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸及精氨酸)的含量均较野生银鲳低。养殖银鲳氨基酸总量(54.17 g/100 g干物质)与必需氨基酸总量(27.16 g/100 g干物质)均分别低于野生银鲳鱼体中的氨基酸总量(57.92 g/100 g干物质)与必需氨基酸的总量(30.04 g/100 g干物质),变异系数分别为4.74%与7.13%;而呈味氨基酸总量与野生银鲳相比差异较小,变异系数仅为2.66%。养殖银鲳与野生银鲳鱼体中必需氨基酸总量与总氨基酸的比值(EAA/TAA)均较高,分别为50.14%与51.87%。此外,养殖与野生银鲳鱼体中的呈味氨基酸与总氨基酸(DAA/TAA)的比值同样较高,分别为37.92%与36.82%。  相似文献   

10.
《畜禽业》2001,(10):17
中国农业大学动物科技学院张永成、李德发等采用平均体重为65±1.85kg的瘘管猪6头,研究酪蛋白日粮和无氮日粮对猪回肠内源氨基酸排出量的影响.试验结果表明,酪蛋白组中,除Met、Phe、Pro外,几乎所有的内源氨基酸排出量均高于无氮日粮组.其中,His、Ile、Lys、Thr、Val、Asp、Glu、Gly、Ser差异显著P<0.05.酪蛋白组的内源氮排出量、内源总必需氨基酸,总非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的排出量均显著高于无氮日粮组P<0.05,提高的百分比分别为94.1%、73.0%、76.4%和74.8%.由本试验可得出,无氮日粮法低估了猪的回肠内源氨基酸损失,而在无氮日粮中添加肽类物质本次试验中添加量为5%对内源氨基酸的排出有刺激作用.  相似文献   

11.
用额外添加必需氨基酸的实验饲料投喂斑节对虾虾苗,研究斑节对虾的精氨酸,蛋氨酸,苯丙氨酸,色氨酸的需求量。添加精氨酸,对虾的增重明显,并且随着添加量的增大,对虾的增重率也变大,但不影响成活率,当精氨酸占饲料中蛋白质含量10.38%时,对虾的增重率,成活率都最高,这时饲料的必需氨基酸比率(A/E)与对虾肌肉必需氨基酸比率相似。添加蛋氨酸后,对虾的增重率,成活率明显升高,烂尾率明显下降至消失,但三个水平  相似文献   

12.
虾头内源酶酶解虾肉产物的ACE抑制活性及其降低原发性高血压老鼠血压的效果=Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activity of shrimp meat hydrolysate by endogenous enzymes from shrimp head and its antihypertensive effects on spontaneously hypertensive rats[刊,中]/洪鹏志(广东海洋大学食品科技学院,湛江524088),曹文红,郝更新,章超桦//水产学报,—2007,31(1).-76~83 在pH 7.35、温度57.2 ℃、水解时间4 h、虾肉/虾头为1∶1,底物浓度为20%(W/V)的条件下,利用虾头的内源酶酶解虾肉(南美白对虾),制备了具有血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制活性的酶解产物,其对ACE的抑制率为41.9%(2 mg·mL-1)。通过凝胶过滤层析测定出酶解产物的分子量分布较广,在7.4×104至29.7之间。分子量在2.7×103以下的凝胶层析组分占酶解产物氨基酸总量的83.1%。收集的高活性组分分子量在959~338之间,其IC50为0.32 mg·mL-1苯丙氨酸、疏水氨基酸(亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸)和芳香族氨基酸(脯氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸)占氨基酸总量的42.33%。体内试验的结果显示,南美白对虾的虾肉虾头内源酶酶解产物经灌喂原发性高血压老鼠后显示较强的降血压活性。 图4表2参13 关键词:南美白对虾;内源酶;血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性;抗高血压作用 E-mail:zhangch@gdou.edu.cn  相似文献   

13.
团头鲂对饲料中五种必需氨基酸的需要量   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
本文论述有关团头鲂对饲料中五种必需氨基酸需要量的试验。以鱼体蛋白氨基酸组成作为试验饲料的参考标准,用酪蛋白为基础饲料,加入不同水平的某一氨基酸及恒量的维生索、无机盐等制成颗粒饲料进行饲养试验,结果表明:团头鲂对五种必需氨基酸适宜需要量范围(克/公斤饲料),精氨酸为20.4~20.8;亮氨酸为20.2~21.7;组氨酸为6.O~6.2;赖氨酸为18.6~19.8;异亮氨酸为14.6~14.7。  相似文献   

14.
In the present study, juvenile (live body weight, 54.3 ± 8.2 g), preadult (live body weight, 822.5 ± 33.9 g), and adult (live body weight, 1,562.8 ± 41.8 g) pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, were used to estimate their dietary essential amino acid (EAA) requirements using the whole-body amino acid (AA) pattern. The results showed that whole-body moisture, crude protein, total lipid, and ash contents expressed on a wet weight basis (%) were significantly different among the studied growth phases. No significant differences were observed in the dietary EAA requirements estimated for the three growth phases of pacu. These dietary EAA requirements were found to be different than those previously estimated for the same fish through its muscle AA pattern. Based on whole-body EAA to total EAA ratios {A/E ratios; [(each EAA/total EAA) × 1,000]}, EAA requirements were estimated to be histidine (0.42%), arginine (1.36%), threonine (0.82%), valine (0.90%), methionine (0.45%), isoleucine (0.83%), leucine (1.29%), phenylalanine (0.74%), lysine (1.64%), and tryptophan (0.14%) for pacu. These estimated requirements may serve as a reference line in the formulation of practical and experimental diets until dose–response-based optimum EAA requirements are available for pacu.  相似文献   

15.
Quadruplicate groups of juvenile red drum (initial mean weight 2.7 g; 20 fish per replicate) were fed experimental diets containing 35% crude protein and graded levels of lysine for eight weeks. Lysine concentration in the basal diet was 1.2% and was supplied by a combination of peanut meal and shrimp-head meal. The basal diet was supplemented with lysine-HCI to provide 1.6, 2.0, and 2.4% lysine. Each of these diets contained an essential amino acid (EAA) premix. Two additional diets were formulated to contain 1.2 and 2.4% lysine without the EAA premix. Weight gain and feed efficiency (FE) data indicated between 1.2 and 1.6% dietary lysine was adequate. However, serum lysine concentrations indicated 1.6–2.0% lysine was required. Fish fed 1.2 or 2.4% lysine, without the EAA premix, exhibited reduced weight gain and feed efficiency. Results indicated that red drum were able to utilize crystalline amino acids when incorporated into diets containing intact protein and, when lysine was adequate, the proteins were deficient in at least one other essential amino acid. It is recommended that a dietary lysine level of 5.7% of the dietary protein be used in formulating red drum diets.  相似文献   

16.
Rapid methods of estimating dietary essential amino acid (EAA) requirements might facilitate increases in aquaculture production, particularly for new or emerging industries. We conducted a 12‐week feeding study to test the hypothesis that whole body EAA concentrations and the quantified methionine requirement could be used to predict the remaining dietary EAA requirements for juvenile all‐female yellow perch. Six purified diets were developed and fed to triplicate groups of fish for 12 weeks. The diets contained the EAA profile of fishmeal (FM), the profile as predicted by whole body analysis, the quantified methionine requirement and resulting A/E ratios (PRED), PRED + 20% of all EAA (PRED20), PRED + 40% of all EAA (PRED40), PRED + 20% threonine, isoleucine and tryptophan (PRED320), and PRED + 40% threonine, isoleucine and typtophan (PRED340). Mean weight gain and feed consumption were significantly higher in fish fed PRED20 (35.7 ± 3.2 and 55.0 ± 5.3 g, respectively) than in fish fed FSM (25.1 ± 0.4 g wt gain, 41.0 ± 1.9 g cons), PRED (23.4 ± 2.3 g wt gain, 40.1 ± 4.2 g cons) and PRED340 (22.9 ± 3.3 g wt gain, 35.0 ± 3.8 g cons). There was no significant difference in feed efficiency among treatments. We recommend an EAA profile similar to PRED20 for feeding all‐female juvenile yellow perch.  相似文献   

17.
Quadruplicate groups of juvenile red drum (initial mean weight 2.7 g; 20 fish per replicate) were fed experimental diets containing 35% crude protein and graded levels of lysine for eight weeks. Lysine concentration in the basal diet was 1.2% and was supplied by a combination of peanut meal and shrimp-head meal. The basal diet was supplemented with lysine-HCl to provide 1.6, 2.0, and 2.4% lysine. Each of these diets contained an essential amino acid (EAA) premix. Two additional diets were formulated to contain 1.2 and 2.4% lysine without the EAA premix. Weight gain and feed efficiency (FE) data indicated between 1.2 and 1.6% dietary lysine was adequate. However, serum lysine concentrations indicated 1.6-2.0% lysine was required. Fish fed 1.2 or 2.4% lysine, without the EAA premix, exhibited reduced weight gain and feed efficiency. Results indicated that red drum were able to utilize crystalline amino acids when incorporated into diets containing intact protein and, when lysine was adequate, the proteins were deficient in at least one other essential amino acid. It is recommended that a dietary lysine level of 5.7% of the dietary protein be used in formulating red drum diets.  相似文献   

18.
The requirements of juvenile prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate), 0.79 g initial body weight, for essential amino acids (EAA) were evaluated based on the daily increase of each EAA in the whole body when the prawn was maintained on a diet with a high nutritive value (a casein‐squid protein‐based diet). The quantities of each EAA needed daily for growth and maintenance of prawn are conceived to correspond to the daily requirements of this prawn species for EAA. Therefore, these requirement values of respective EAA should be supplied from dietary proteins. To determine these values, protein and amino acids of the whole body of the prawn were quantified before and after feeding experiments, and the quantities of respective EAA needed to meet the requirements were estimated based on the EAA profile of the whole body protein of prawn. As a result, the contents of EAA in dietary proteins (%) needed to meet the requirements of the prawn for EAA were assessed to be: threonine (2.3), methionine (1.3), valine (2.4), isoleucine (2.3), leucine (3.4), phenylalanine (2.6), lysine (3.2), histidine (1.1), arginine (2.9) and tryptophan (0.6), respectively, when the prawn are fed 50% protein diet with 90% protein digestibility at a ration size of 2% (% of body weight).  相似文献   

19.
Solvent-extracted cottonseed meal was used in shrimp Penaeus vannamei diets at levels of 0, 13.3, 26.5, 39.8, 53.0 and 66.3%, substituting on an equal nitrogen basis for 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of animal protein mix (53% menhaden fish meal, 34% shrimp waste meal and 13% squid meal). The feeds were formulated to contain 32% crude protein and 3,100 kcal metabolizable energy/kg. Each diet was fed to juvenile shrimp to satiation four times daily for 8 wk. Shrimp fed the three lowest dietary levels of cottonseed meal (0, 13.3 and 26.5%) had similar weight gain, feed consumption and survival. The performance of shrimp was adversely affected when diets containing more than 26.5% cottonseed meal, or 1,100 ppm free gossypol, were fed. Shrimp fed the diet with 39.8% cottonseed meal or 1,600 ppm free gossypol had depressed weight gain, reduced feed intake and high mortality. The groups receiving the two highest dietary levels of cottonseed meal lost weight by the end of week 4 and all shrimp in these treatments died within 6 to 8 wk. These adverse effects were probably due to the toxicity of free gossypol. Shrimp appeared to accumulate gossypol in the body as evidenced by light yellow-green coloration in shrimp fed diets containing cottonseed meal.  相似文献   

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