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1.
研究了在饲料中添加健肝散预防丁(Tinca tinca)脂肪肝的作用。采用健肝散添加量分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的饲料进行丁养殖试验,试验周期为40d,观察健肝散对其生长指标、血清主要生理、生化指标的影响。结果表明,当健肝散添加量为0.4%时,丁的增重率、相对生长率和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇最高,肝脏脂肪含量最低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组均无显著差异(P>0.05);血浆中胆固醇、甘油三酯含量最高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组有显著差异(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),其中乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著低于氯化胆碱组(P<0.05)。当健肝散添加量为0.2%和0.4%时,肝体比均较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P>0.05);添加量为0.1%、0.2%和0.4%时,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均较高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P>0.05)。在本研究条件下,丁饲料中添加0.4%的健肝散时,可有效预防其脂肪...  相似文献   

2.
以初始体质量为(9.87±0.20)g的全雄奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus♀×O.aureus♂)为实验对象,研究饲料中不同水平谷氨酰胺对奥尼罗非鱼生长、饲料利用及抗病力的影响。实验共设6个处理组,每组谷氨酰胺添加量分别为饲料质量的0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%和2.0%,各设3个平行。用开放式流水养殖,饲养8周。之后注射嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)进行感染实验,观察7d,计算成活率。结果表明,饲料中添加谷氨酰胺对杂交罗非鱼的增重率、特异生长率、成活率及饲料系数均无显著影响(P>0.05),但对蛋白效率和蛋白质沉积率影响显著(P<0.05)。添加量为0.6%和0.8%组的蛋白质效率显著高于添加量为0~0.4%组(P<0.05),其余各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。蛋白质沉积率则以添加0.8%组最高,显著高于添加量为0~0.4%组(P<0.05),其余各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。谷氨酰胺对杂交罗非鱼的肥满度和脾体比有显著影响(P<0.05),但对肝体比和头肾体重比则影响不显著(P>0.05)。用嗜水气单胞菌分别攻毒48h、72h和96h,谷氨酰胺0.6%~0.8%饲料组罗非鱼的存活率影响显著高于0~0.4%组(P<0.05);而对攻毒后1h及24h的存活率各添加组间无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上结果,建议奥尼罗非鱼配合饲料中谷氨胺酰胺的适宜添加水平为0.6%~0.8%。  相似文献   

3.
鱼腥草或枳实对草鱼淋巴细胞转化率影响的比较研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
在草鱼基础饵料中分别添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%鱼腥草或枳实,45d后测定各试验组和对照组的淋巴细胞转化率,0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%试验组中,添加鱼腥草平均分别为60.15%±8.44%、66.03%±8.21%、63.36%±6.52%和53.96%±10.35%,添加枳实平均分别为67.04%±3.93%、71.23%±5.77%、72.57%±5.65%和63.15%±2.33%,对照组为54.98%±2.69%。统计结果表明添加枳实0.2%、0.3%组与对照组差异非常显著(P<0.01)、与添加0.1%鱼腥草组差异显著(P<0.05);添加枳实0.1%组、鱼腥草0.2%组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);添加枳实0.3%组与0.4%组差异显著(P<0.05);其余各组比较,差异不显著。表明在饲料中添加一定量的枳实和鱼腥草可明显提高草鱼的淋巴细胞转化率,增强草鱼的免疫功能,是两种新的中草药免疫增强剂。  相似文献   

4.
选用初始体质量为(314.7±9.9)g的草鱼(Ctenophary ngodon idella)240尾,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每重复20尾鱼,分别饲喂氯化胆碱添加量为0%(对照组)、0.2%、0.4%和0.6%(占饲料的质量分数)的4组饲料(粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量分别为28.01%和4.54%),胆碱实测含量分别为1010mg/kg、2516mg/kg、4184mg/kg、5852mg/kg,养殖77d后,考察氯化胆碱对草鱼成鱼生长性能、脂肪沉积及脂肪代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比较,添加0.4%和0.6%氯化胆碱可显著提高鱼体增重率(P0.05)、特定生长率(P0.05),降低饲料系数(P0.05);添加0.2%~0.6%氯化胆碱可显著降低肝胰脏和全鱼脂肪含量(P0.05);添加0.4%和0.6%氯化胆碱,肌肉脂肪含量显著下降(P0.05);添加0.2%~0.6%氯化胆碱可显著提高血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量(P0.05),添加0.4%和0.6%氯化胆碱可显著降低肝胰脏甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量(P0.05);在脂肪代谢酶方面,添加0.2%~0.6%氯化胆碱可显著提高前肠脂肪酶活性(P0.05),添加0.6%氯化胆碱显著提高脂蛋白脂酶活性(P0.05),添加0.4%~0.6%氯化胆碱可显著升高肝脂酶和总脂酶活性(P0.05)。综上所述,适量添加胆碱能改善草鱼成鱼生长性能,提高饲料利用率,降低肝胰脏、全鱼和肌肉的脂肪含量,提高脂肪代谢酶活性。建议草鱼实用饲料中氯化胆碱添加量为0.4%~0.6%。  相似文献   

5.
在吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)基础饲料中添加中性蛋白酶,添加量分别为0.00%、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%和0.25%,研究添加后对吉富罗非鱼生长和消化功能的影响。结果表明,在饲料中添加0.1%~0.25%的中性蛋白酶,吉富罗非鱼的相对增重率和特定生长率显著提高,饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05);添加0.1%~0.2%的中性蛋白酶,显著提高饲料干物质表观消化率和粗蛋白表观消化率(P<0.05);添加量为0.1%~0.15%时,肝胰脏蛋白酶显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加量为0.15%时,肠道蛋白酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。综合鱼体相对增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、消化器官消化酶活性等各项指标,吉富罗非鱼饲料中中性蛋白酶的添加量以饲料的0.1%~0.2%为宜。  相似文献   

6.
为研究蛋氨酸铬对鲤血清生化指标和非特异性免疫指标的影响,配制蛋氨酸铬添加水平分别为0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 mg/kg的7种饲料,选取初始体质量为(40.95±4.80)g的鲤1 260尾,进行了为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明:(1)添加0.4 mg/kg蛋氨酸铬的试验组,其胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)含量最低,与其它组差异显著(P0.05);添加1.6 mg/kg的组,其高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量最高;添加0.8mg/kg的组,其低密度脂蛋白(LDL)显著高于对照组(P0.05)。添加0.4~3.2 mg/kg蛋氨酸铬的试验组,鲤血清中的谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性高于对照组(P0.05)。(2)添加蛋氨酸铬的试验组,鲤肝胰脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性均高于对照组;0.8 mg/kg添加组的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05);0.4 mg/kg添加组的丙二酮(MDA)含量低于其它各组。添加0.2~3.2 mg/kg蛋氨酸铬的试验组,其AKP活性显著低于对照组(P0.05);鲤肝胰脏中谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活性随着蛋氨酸铬添加量的增加呈现上升趋势,且均显著高于对照组(P0.05);除3.2 mg/kg添加组外,其它各组的谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性均显著下降。综上所述,在饲料中添加0.4~0.8 mg/kg的蛋氨酸铬能够增强鲤肝胰脏的非特异性免疫力。  相似文献   

7.
以初始体重为5.27±0.20g的凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,分别在饲料中添加0、0.5%、1.0%和2%的盐,配制成4种实验饲料,在盐度为1.5和30的水体中喂养50d,探讨饲料中添加盐对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、虾体成分和碱性磷酸酶活性及风味的影响.结果表明,在盐度为1.5时,饲料中添加盐的各组饲料其特殊增长率(SGR)比对照组均有显著提高(P<0.05);饲料中添加盐组的饲料系数(FCR)均比对照组低(P<0.05),饲料中盐的添加量为2.0%时,饲料系数(FCR)达到最低(P<0.05);饲料中添加盐有助于提高对虾的成活率(P<0.05);随着饲料中盐添加量的增加,对虾体蛋白质含量有增加的趋势,而虾体脂肪含量和水分有下降的趋势;随着饲料中盐添加量的增加,凡纳滨对虾肌肉游离氨基酸中必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸及游离氨基酸总量有增加趋势,甘氨酸、丙氨酸和谷氨酸等呈鲜味氨基酸都大幅度增加;对虾的色泽、嗅觉、味觉及组织等多项指标的感官评价显示,饲料中添加盐2.0%组的综合感官指标优于对照组及其他实验组;饲料中添加盐可显著提高凡纳滨对虾肝胰脏碱性磷酸酶活性,而且随着饲料中盐的添加量的增加,其酶的活性显著上升(P<0.05).当盐度为30,饲料中添加盐显著降低特殊增长率(SGR)(P<0.05),而且随着盐度的增加,其影响加重;饲料中添加盐显著增加对虾的饲料系数(FCR)(P<0.05).  相似文献   

8.
为了研究在低鱼粉含量饲料中分别添加不同蛋氨酸剂型对中华鳖生长性能、消化酶活性、肝脏相关基因表达的影响,以初始体质量为(3.48±0.03)g的中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)稚鳖为试验对象,配制5组饲料,其中正对照组(T1)饲料蛋白的质量分数为46%,添加鱼粉的质量分数为46%,负对照组(T2)饲料蛋白质量分数为43%,添加鱼粉的质量分数为23%,在T2饲料的基础上分别添加0.1%DL-蛋氨酸(T3)、0.2%包膜蛋氨酸(T4)和0.125%羟基蛋氨酸钙(T5),开展持续8周的养殖试验。结果显示,T2组的特定生长率显著低于T1组(P0.05),摄食添加不同蛋氨酸剂型饲料的试验组,中华鳖的特定生长率均显著高于T2组,其中T3、T5组与T1组无显著差异(P0.05)。添加蛋氨酸可显著提高试验鳖的胃淀粉酶活性(P0.05),T3和T5组的胃蛋白酶活性以及T3组的脂肪酶活性相对T2组均显著提高(P0.05)。添加蛋氨酸显著提高了中华鳖肝脏GHR和IGF-I基因mRNA的表达量(P0.05),T3和T5组的IGF-ⅡmRNA相对表达量也显著高于T2组(P0.05)。T5组的HSP70 mRNA相对表达量显著高于T2和T4组(P0.05),T2组的HSP90 mRNA相对表达量显著低于除T4组以外的其它各组(P0.05)。结果表明,在低鱼粉含量的饲料中补充不同剂型蛋氨酸对中华鳖幼鳖的生长性能有不同程度的促进作用,其中补充0.1%的DL-蛋氨酸和0.125%的羟基蛋氨酸钙可达到T1组的养殖效果。  相似文献   

9.
选用18日龄肉鸡80羽,随机分为4组,分别为组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ、组Ⅳ,其中组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ为试验组,组Ⅳ为对照组。每组5个重复,每个重复4羽(♀)。采用单因子随机分组设计,共设4个处理,组Ⅰ为基础饲料+1%松针粉,组Ⅱ为基础饲料+3%松针粉,组Ⅲ为基础饲料+5%松针粉,对照组为基础饲料+抗生素。研究结果表明,干物质表观代谢率组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ与对照组之间无显著性显著(P>0.05),但组Ⅲ干物质表观代谢率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),5%松针粉组干物质代谢率比对照组低5.46%,其余各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);粗蛋白质日摄入量及日排出量各组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);粗蛋白质表观代谢率组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ显著高于对照组(P<0.05),组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ分别比对照组提高了18.34%、23.44%、27.13%;粗脂肪日摄入量组Ⅲ显著高于组Ⅰ和对照组(P<0.05),试验组之间无显著性差异(P<0.05);粗脂肪日排出量组Ⅲ显著高于组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ及对照组(P<0.05),其余各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);粗脂肪的表观代谢率组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),粗脂肪的表观代谢率组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ分别比对照组提高了6.86%、9.43%、5.05%;磷的日摄入量、日排出量、表观代谢率各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

10.
酸制剂对罗非鱼生长和饲料利用的影响   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11  
潘庆 《水产学报》2004,28(6):682-688
为考察不同酸制剂对奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼生长和饲料利用的影响,在基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加0.3%磷酸、富马酸、柠檬酸和乳酸,饲养奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼9周(初始平均体重约1.9g)。结果表明,添加0.3%柠檬酸和乳酸饲料组的罗非鱼特定生长率显著高于对照组和添加富马酸组(P<0.05);磷酸组、柠檬酸组和乳酸组的饲料效率较对照组有提高趋势(P>0.05),乳酸组的饲料效率显著高于富马酸组(P<0.05);柠檬酸组和乳酸组鱼体水分含量显著高于富马酸组(P<0.05),体粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量在组间差异不显著(P>0.05);胃蛋白酶活性在富马酸组显著低于其它饲料组(P<0.05),肠淀粉酶活性在柠檬酸组和乳酸组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);肝脏代谢酶活性在柠檬酸组和乳酸组显著高于对照组、磷酸组和富马酸组(P<0.05),相应地,柠檬酸组和乳酸组罗非鱼血清甘油三酯含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果说明,添加0.3%柠檬酸和乳酸能显著促进罗非鱼幼鱼生长,提高饲料的利用,富马酸降低罗非鱼对饲料的利用。  相似文献   

11.
Three feeding experiments were conducted to evaluate growth and body composition in blue caffish Ictalurus furcatus or channel caffish I. punctatus when fed diets containing 22% protein with or without supplemented methionine and/or lysine. All experiments were conducted in 110‐L aquaria that were part of a recirculating system. In Experiment 1,15 juvenile blue catfish (2.7 g) were randomly stocked into aquaria and fed one of three diets containing different (22%, 27%, and 32%) percentages of protein. Fish were fed twice daily to excess for 10 wk. In Experiment 2, juvenile blue catfish (5.4 g) were randomly stocked into aquaria and fed one of six diets containing either 22% (diet 1) or 32% (diet 2) protein. The diet containing 22% protein (diet 1) had either 0.3% crystalline L‐methionine (diet 3), 0.4% crystalline L‐lysine (diet 4), or 0.3% L‐methionine + 0.4% L‐lysine (diet 5) added. A sixth diet was formulated to contain 32% protein and 0.2% crystalline L‐methionine. Fish were fed in excess for 12 wk. In Experiment 3, juvenile channel caffish (10.3 g) were stocked and fed diets 14 from Experiment 2, twice daily in excess for 8 wk. In Experiment 1, after 10 wk, final individual weight, weight gain (%), and specific growth rate (SGR) of blue catfish fed diets containing three protein levels were not significantly different (P > 0.05) and averaged 12.9 g, 378%, and 2.2%/d, respectively. Fish fed the diet containing 27% protein had higher (P < 0.05) whole‐body protein (65.4%) compared to fish fed diets containing either 22% or 32% protein. In Experiment 2, final weight, weight gain (%) and SGR of blue catfish were not significantly (P > 0.05) different among diets and averaged 24.7 g, 355%, and 1.8%/d, respectively. Percentage whole‐body protein and lipid were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between fish fed diets containing 22% or 32% protein. In Experiment 3, channel caffish fed a diet containing 32% protein had significantly (P > 0.05) higher final individual weight, weight gain (%), and SGR compared to fish fed diets containing 22% protein, with and without supplemental methionine or lysine. Results indicate that blue catfish may be able to utilize a diet with 22% protein, and that addition of crystalline methionine and/or lysine did not improve growth. However, channel catfish grown in aquaria did not appear to have similar growth when fed a diet containing 22% protein compared to fish fed 32% protein, even when supplemental methionine or lysine was added. Further research on blue catfish and the use of a low‐protein diet (22% protein) needs to be conducted in ponds.  相似文献   

12.
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary yeast polysaccharides on some hematologic parameters and intestinal morphology of channel catfish. Channel catfish were fed diets containing yeast polysaccharides at 0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3?% for 7?weeks. Each diet was provided to 10 channel catfish specimens (5.82?±?0.13?g initial weight) replicated 3?times in individual 250?L fiberglass tanks. Some hematologic parameters, leukocyte phagocytic activity, and intestinal morphology were monitored. After 7?weeks of trial, 0.2?% yeast polysaccharides resulted in significantly higher (P?相似文献   

13.
Mature winged bean Psophocarpus tetragonolobus seeds were quick-cooked and the full-fat meal derived was used to completely replace menhaden fish meal as a dietary protein source for the African catfish Clarias gariepinus . Five dry practical diets (400 g crude protein kg−1 and 17.5 kJ gross energy g−1 dry diet) containing menhaden fish meal (diet 1) or winged bean meal with or without graded levels of supplemental L -methionine (diets 2, 3, 4 and 5; 0, 5, 10 and 15 g kg−1, respectively) were fed to catfish fingerlings (5.8  +  1.2 g) for 70 days. Weight gain, growth rate, feed conversion and protein utilization by catfish fed a winged bean meal diet without L -methionine supplementation (diet 2) was inferior ( P  > 0.05) to that in catfish fed the other diets, where performance differed nonsignificantly. Carcass protein of catfish was lower ( P  < 0.05) while liver protein was higher ( P  < 0.05) in catfish fed the winged bean meal diet without methionine supplementation. Results suggest that winged bean meal cannot replace fish meal as a protein source in catfish diets except with a minimum supplementation with 5 g L -methionine kg−1 diet.  相似文献   

14.
Two experiments (Experiment I and 11) were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) with or without supplementation of methionine on the growth performance of the southern catfish Silurus meridionalis. Fish were fed isonitrogenous (48% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 KJ/g gross energy) diets for 8 wk in a recirculating rearing system. In Experiment I, six diets containing 0.0,11.6, 23.1, 34.7, 46.3, and 57.9% solvent‐extracted SBM as replacement of 0% (control), 13%, 26%, 39%, 52% and 65% fish meal (FM) protein were formulated to examine the effects of dietary SBM on growth performance. Each of the six diets was randomly fed to triplicate tanks, and each tank was stocked with 10 fish (average initial weight 23.78 ± 0.09 g). Fish fed the diets with 13%, 26%, and 39% protein from SBM had significantly higher or similar specific growth rate (SGR) compared with the control group. However, SGR in fish fed the diets with 52% and 65% protein from SBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). These results showed that 39% of FM protein could be replaced by SBM protein in diets of the southern catfish without significantly reducing growth. In Experiment II, seven diets were formulated to examine the effects of supplemental methionine on the growth performance of this fish (initial weight of 19.73 ± 0.36 g) fed diets at the two SBM substitution level (SL) for replacing 39% or 52% FM protein. The control diet was the same as that (0% SL) in Experiment I. Three methionine levels (0.00%, 0.12%, or 0.26% at 39% SL, 0.00%, 0.21%, or 0.33% at 52% SL) were separately supplemented to represent two endogenous controls (no methionine supplementation), and to produce diets with the same methionine content as that found in either the body carcass of this fish or the control diet (0% SBM protein), respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences in feeding rate, digestibility and SGR between fish fed the diets with and without supplementation of methionine at 39% SL. However, supplementation of methionine at 52% SL results in significantly higher SGR and feed efficiency (FE) than that of fish fed the diet without supplementation (P < 0.05). It is suggested that the endogenous methionine content in the diet at 39% SL could meet the requirement for the growth, but is insufficient at 52% SL. The results of the present study indicate that methionine is one of the limiting factors in SBM‐based diets to growth of the southern catfish, and supplementation of methionine into diets containing a high content of SBM could improve the growth performance of this fish.  相似文献   

15.
在水温23±5℃下,将平均体质量10.32g的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)放养在27个60cm×60cm×120cm的微流水网箱中,饲喂3个蛋白质水平(32.0%、40.0%、48.0%),每个蛋白质水平设3个脂肪水平(3.0%、10.0%和17.0%)的饲料,饲养100d。结果表明:在3.0%脂肪水平下,黄颡鱼摄食含40.0%蛋白质的饲料时,平均末体质量、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著提高,饲料系数降低(P〈0.05)。在10.0%脂肪水平下,黄颡鱼摄食含48.0%蛋白质饲料时,饲料系数显著降低(P〈0.05),摄食含40.0%的蛋白质饲料次之。黄颡鱼摄食含48.0%蛋白质与3.0%脂肪饲料组和40.0%蛋白质与10.0%脂肪组的干物质消化率最高(P〈0.01);蛋白质消化率在48.0%蛋白质与3.0%脂肪达到最高(P〈0.01),脂肪消化率均在40.0%蛋白质与10.0%脂肪达到最高(P〈0.01)。实验表明,黄颡鱼幼鱼较为适宜的蛋白质和脂肪需要量分别为40.0%和10.0%。  相似文献   

16.
Abstract— A 2 × 5 factorial experiment was conducted using practical-type extruded feeds containing 20, 24, 28, 32, or 36% crude protein with or without animal protein. The animal protein supplement consisted of 4% menhaden fish meal and 4% meat, bone and blood meal. Channel catfish fingerlings (average size: 26.3 g/fish) were stocked into 50 0.04-ha ponds at a rate of 24,700 fishha. Five ponds were used for each dietary treatment. Fish were fed once daily to satiation for 202 d. There were no differences in feed conversion ratio (FCR), percentage fillet moisture, and survival among treatments. In fish fed diets containing no animal protein, feed consumption, weight gain, and percentage dressout were lower for fish fed the 20% protein diet than those fed diets containing 28% and 32% protein. Fish fed 28, 32, or 36% protein diets without animal protein did not differ in respect to percentage dressout and percentage visceral fat; fish fed the 36% protein diet had higher percentage fillet protein and a lower percentage fillet fat than fish fed other diets with the exception of fish fed the 28% protein diet. In fish fed diets containing animal protein, feed consumption, weight gain, percentage fillet protein and ash, and percentage dressout were lower and visceral fat was higher for fish fed the 20% protein diet than those fed other diets. Fish fed diets containing 24% protein and above with animal protein were not different in respect to weight gain and feed consumption, but fish fed the 24% protein diet had a higher percentage fillet fat than fish fed a 32% or 36% protein diet. Fish fed the 32% protein diet had a lower visceral fat. Considering animal protein vs non-animal protein with the data pooled across all diets without regard to dietary protein level, weight gain and FCR of fish fed diets containing animal protein were higher than those fed diets containing no animal protein. However, weight gain of fish fed diets containing 20, 28, or 32% protein with or without animal protein did not differ. Dressout percentage and fillet protein were higher and fillet fat was lower for fish fed diets containing no animal protein than those fed diets containing animal protein. Data from this study indicated that animal protein may not be a necessary dietary ingredient for fish fed 28% or 32% protein diets typically used for grow out of pond-raised channel catfish under satiation feeding conditions. Whether animal protein should be included in catfish diets containing less than 28% protein is unclear, since fish fed the 24% protein diet benefited from animal protein but those fed the 20% protein diet did not benefit from animal protein. Additional studies to provide more information on low-protein, all-plant diets are currently being conducted.  相似文献   

17.
An 8‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of tributyrin supplementation in a high‐soya bean meal diet on juvenile black sea bream (11.30 ± 0.16 g). The positive control (PC) diet contained 45% fishmeal and 20% soya bean meal, while the negative control (NC) contained 12% fishmeal and 45% soya bean meal. Graded levels of tributyrin were added to the NC diet at 0.05% (TB 0.05), 0.1% (TB 0.1), 0.2% (TB 0.2), 0.4% (TB 0.4) and 0.8% (TB 0.8). Ultimately, the fish fed the PC diet had a higher weight gain and specific growth rate than the fish fed other diets. The fish fed the NC diet had the lowest growth, and TB 0.05–TB 0.2 diets increased growth performance while TB 0.4–TB 0.8 diets caused reduction in growth. Dietary tributyrin supplementation improved protease activity and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Compared with the fish fed the NC diet, the fish fed the tributyrin‐supplemented diets had improved gut morphology and structure, and the results were similar to those of the fish fed the PC diet. Furthermore, the analysis of the dose response with second‐order polynomial regression indicated that the optimum tributyrin supplementation for juvenile black sea bream is 2.24 g/kg in the 45% soya bean meal diet.  相似文献   

18.
为探讨饲料中添加雨生红球藻对黄颡鱼生长、抗氧化酶活性、免疫应答及氨氮耐受的影响。以平均体质量为(5.00±0.85)g的黄颡鱼为研究对象,随机分成4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别投喂添加0.00 %(对照)、0.30 %、0.50 %及1.00 %雨生红球藻的饲料,每天2次表观饱食投喂,实验进行10周。结果显示,饲料中雨生红球藻的添加量大于0.30 %能够显著提高黄颡鱼的增重率和血红蛋白含量,降低饲料系数和白细胞数;饲料中添加0.50 %雨生红球藻能够显著降低黄颡鱼血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性及丙二醛含量,显著提高血清溶菌酶活性;96 h急性氨氮暴露实验表明,摄食0.50 %-1.00 %雨生红球藻饲料的黄颡鱼累积死亡率和血氨含量显著低于对照组;饲料中添加雨生红球藻显著提高了氨氮暴露下黄颡鱼肝脏中氨代谢相关酶含量,其中,氨甲酰磷酸合成酶和精氨酸酶含量随着雨生红球藻含量的升高显著提高。研究表明,饲料中添加大于0.30 %雨生红球藻能够显著提高黄颡鱼的生长性能,改善血液健康状况、氧化损伤及免疫应答能力;饲料中雨生红球藻的添加量超过0.50 %能够显著提高黄颡鱼在氨氮暴露下的存活率。  相似文献   

19.
An 11‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary methionine on the growth, antioxidant status, innate immune response and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of juvenile yellow catfish. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets were formulated to contain different graded methionine levels ranging from 6.1 to 16.4 g kg?1 of dry weight. The results indicated that growth performance and feed utilization were significantly influenced by the dietary methionine levels; fish fed the diet containing 6.1 g kg?1 methionine level had lower specific growth rate, percentage weight gain (PWG), feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio than those fed the other diets (P < 0.05). Fish fed the diet containing 16.4 g kg?1 methionine level had lowest protein contents in whole body and muscle among all treatments. Triacylglycerols, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and haemoglobin (Hb) in plasma or whole blood were significantly affected by dietary methionine levels. Fish fed the diet containing 6.1 g kg?1 methionine level had higher superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activities and malondialdehyde values than those fed other diets. Fish fed diets containing 9.7 and 11.8 g kg?1 methionine levels had higher lysozyme activity, total immune globulin, phagocytic activity and respiratory burst than those fed other diets. The lowest survival after A. hydrophila challenge was observed in fish fed a diet containing 6.1 g kg?1 methionine. Quadratic regression analysis of PWG against dietary methionine levels indicated that the optimal dietary methionine requirement for the maximum growth of juvenile yellow catfish was estimated to be 11.5 g kg?1 of the diet in the presence of 4.0 g kg?1 cystine (corresponding to 23.5 g kg?1 of dietary protein on a dry weight basis).  相似文献   

20.
A laboratory feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of reducing digestible energy to protein (DE:P) ratios of practical diets on body fat and weight gain of channel catfish. Five diets were formulated to contain 32, 28, or 24% crude protein with typical DE:P ratios of 8.5, 9.9, or 11.4 kcal/g protein, respectively, and 28% or 24% protein with a reduced DE:P ratio of 8.5 kcal/g protein. Cellulose was used to adjust the DE:P ratio. Juvenile channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (initial weight: 5.2 g/fish) were fed the experimental diets twice daily to apparent satiation for 12 wk. Fish fed the 28% protein diet with a reduced DE:P ratio of 8.5 kcal/g protein gained less weight and converted feed less efficiently than those fed the 28% protein diet with a typical DE:P ratio of 9.9 kcal/g protein. Fish fed the 24% protein diet with a reduced DE:P ratio of 8.5 kcal/g protein had a similar weight gain but converted feed less efficiently than those fed the 24% protein diet with a typical DE:P ratio of 11.4 kcal/g protein. Weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of fish fed the 32% protein diet with a typical DE:P ratio of 8.5 kcal/g protein were higher than for fish fed other diets except those fed the 28% protein diet with a DE:P ratio of 9.9 kcal/g protein. There were no differences in feed consumption and survival among dietary treatments. Fillet fat of fish fed the 24% and 28% protein diets with a reduced DE:P ratio was lower than that of the fish fed diets containing the same protein concentrations with typical DE:P ratios. At a DE:P ratio of 8.5 kcal/g protein, there were no differences in fillet fat concentration among fish fed diets containing different protein concentrations. There were no differences in fillet protein, moisture, and ash between fish fed the 24% or 28% protein diets containing reduced and typical DE:P ratios. Results from this study show that reducing DE:P ratios in practical diets lowers body fat but also depresses weight gain of channel catfish; thus it would not be economical to use this strategy to reduce body fat of the fish.  相似文献   

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