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1.
实验采集了23只多浪羊的血样,利用PCR扩增技术,对其扩增产物进行测序,对测序结果进行比对分析。根据Blast比对分析发现,克隆到的该基因核酸序列的16个测序结果相似度较高,但只找到所给的反向引物的互补序列,确定为单向引物测得的结果。经过多次比对确定A04和B04两条序列的相似度达到96.8%。结果表明成功克隆到该基因片段核酸序列,长度为280 bp。经过DNAMAN的序列分析,发现有55个突变位点。  相似文献   

2.
本实验通过无性生殖的方法得到了花羔红点鲑肌钙蛋白(Tnc)基因,并在使用生物信息学资源和生物软件的条件下,通过CODEHOP的方法对特定的氨基酸序列设计简并引物,并对得出的结果进行同源性分析同时构建其相对系统进化树.结果表明:通过CODEHOP的方法所设计出的引物简并度较其他方法得到的引物简并度低,DNA熔解温度(Tm值)修改较方便,产物具有较强的特异性;肌钙蛋白具有高度的保守性,将肌钙蛋白基因片断做结果比对,其编码的氨基酸序列与斑马鱼同源性可达96%,与大西洋鲑Salmo salar同源性为92%,白斑狗鱼Esoxlucius同源性为92%,虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss同源性为91%,斜带石斑鱼Epinepheluscoioides同源性为91%,斑点叉尾鮰Ictalurus punctatus同源性为85%.  相似文献   

3.
为了验证 DNA 条形码在鲹科(Carangidae)鱼类物种鉴定和系统分类中的适用性, 本研究自测 6 属 7 种 17 条序列, 同时筛选了 BOLD 数据库中的有效序列, 共获得 25 属 95 种 273 条鲹科鱼类 DNA 条形码序列, 通过 BLAST 比对、遗传距离和系统关系树, 构建了鲹科鱼类的 DNA 条形码分类系统。结果表明: (1)鲹科鱼类属间、种间、属内种间和种内三级分类单元遗传距离的平均水平分别为 0.186、0.169、0.090 和 0.008, 种间平均遗传距离是种内平均遗传距离的 21 倍, 可见 DNA 条形码适用于鲹科鱼类分类鉴定; (2)运用 DNA 条形码技术可以识别出形态鉴定有误的物种, 表明 DNA 条形码可以弥补传统形态学鉴定的局限性, 可对鲹科鱼类形态学分类结果进行精准修正; (3)鲹科鱼类 DNA 条形码分析表明, BOLD 数据库中仍存在一定的“同种异名”和“异种同名”现象, 建议使用该数据库信息时应严格评估信息的准确性; (4)鲹科鱼类系统发生关系研究对物种的分类地位提出了新的见解, 即拟鲳鲹 (Parona signata)和镰鳍波线鲹(Lichia amia)亲缘关系较近, 支持将二者均归为鲳鲹亚科(Trachinotinae)。本研究旨在为丰富鲹科鱼类 DNA 条形码数据, 完善鲹科 DNA 条形码分类系统, 并为鲹科鱼类物种鉴定和系统分类提供分子证据。  相似文献   

4.
脊椎动物中不同物种的β-actin基因氨基酸之间的序列同源性超过98%。根据GenBank中登录的大菱鲆β-actin基因mRNA部分序列,与川鲽该基因全编码区DNA序列比对,依据比对结果分别在大菱鲆β-actin基因相邻外显子上设计1对引物,分别以RNA反转录产物和DNA为模板通过PCR方法进行克隆分析。对不同退火温度和循环数条件下的该基因RT-PCR产物进行了对比。针对RNA提取过程中的经过DNase处理但很难除净的痕量DNA污染,在琼脂糖凝胶电泳中很难被检测到的问题,初步探讨了利用上述2种模板对该基因扩增片断大小的不同来检出痕量DNA污染的可行性。  相似文献   

5.
2008年6-7月在青岛近海海域再次发生大量浒苔漂浮现象,并且江苏连云港、如东近海海域也发生了浒苔漂浮现象.实验分别对青岛、连云港、如东海域采集样本进行了nrDNA的ITS全长序列和18S rDNA序列分析及相似性比对.结果表明,青岛、连云港、如东海域主要漂浮种类QD-01(青岛)、QD-02(青岛)、QD-03(青岛)、LY-01(连云港)、RD-02(如东)5个样品的ITS全长序列相似性为100%,表明青岛、连云港、如东三地沿海浒苔漂浮主要种类为同一种浒苔.18S rDNA序列分析结果也支持这个判断.根据相似性比对和BLAST分析结果,如东海域浒苔漂浮种类还发现少量另外2种绿藻(RD-01和RD-03),其中RD-01为浒苔属.浒苔主要漂浮种类与目前采集到的三地定生浒苔样本ITS全长序列比对存在一定差异,歧化度小于0.3%.  相似文献   

6.
利用m tDNA控制区序列对1984、1997年引进的斑点叉尾鮰群体遗传多态性进行了分析。通过PCR产物测序法,测定了40尾斑点叉尾鮰线粒体DNA的一段包括部分Cytb基因、tRNAThr、tRNAPro、D-loop控制区和部分tRNAThe长度为1256 bp的核苷酸序列,经过比对分析得到7个序列单元型。7个单元型中共有13个碱基转换位点,全部发生在控制区,其序列相似度平均为99.58%。群体总的序列单元型多态性比例为17.5%,其中1997年群体的单元型多态性比例为35%,是1984年群体单元型多态性比例(15.0%)的2倍多。初步表明1984年引进的群体遗传多样性较低。  相似文献   

7.
采用PCR和DNA测序技术扩增和测序了2003~2008年间采自浙江省宁波、杭州、温州和金华4个地区7个地点桃花水母(Craspedacusta)核糖体小亚基rRNA(18S rRNA)基因,并与已知索氏桃花水母(Craspedacusta sow-erbyi)和中华桃花水母(Craspedacusta sinensis)18S rRNA基因序列进行了比对。结果显示:这7个地点的桃花水母与索氏桃花水母序列极为相似,相似度达99.67%~100%,遗传距离为0~0.002,而与同属中华桃花水母的遗传距离为0.013~0.015。分子系统学分析显示这7个地点桃花水母与索氏桃花水母分支的置信度高达100%。结果确定分析样品均为索氏桃花水母。  相似文献   

8.
草鱼胞质苹果酸脱氢酶(cMDH)的序列克隆及分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以实验室构建的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肠道cDNA文库苹果酸脱氢酶(cMDH)EST序列为基础,采用末端快速扩增法(RACE),从健康雌性草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肠道细胞RNA中获得1391 bp的草鱼肠道cMDH的cDNA序列(NCBI登录号:EU569765)。结果显示:该序列包含62 bp的5′非编码区(5′-UTR),330 bp的3′非编码区(3′-UTR),典型加尾信号AATAA位于polyA起点上游16 bp。开放阅读框ORF长999 bp,共编码333个氨基酸,预测蛋白等电点为6.67,大小为36 kDa。多序列比对显示草鱼胞质苹果酸脱氢酶具有典型的苹果酸脱氢酶功能区保守序列,该酶与斑马鱼cMDH相似度最高达到95.5%,与模式植物拟兰介的相似度为57.8%,其预测三级结构具有典型cMDH功能区。Southern杂交结果表明草鱼cMDH属于多拷贝基因家族。  相似文献   

9.
本研究采用RACE技术克隆获得中国对虾(Fenneropenaeuschinensis)甘氨酸脱羧酶基因(Fc GLDC)的全长cDNA及DNA序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果显示,FcGLDC基因的cDNA全长为3481 bp,其中,ORF为2829 bp,5¢UTR长17 bp,3¢UTR长86 bp。完整的阅读框编码942个氨基酸,分子量为104.66 kDa,预测的理论等电点为6.51。FcGLDC基因DNA序列全长共4964bp,包含12个外显子和11个内含子。同源性及系统进化分析显示,FcGLDC基因与节肢动物的GLDC基因聚为一类;氨基酸序列比对发现,Fc GLDC基因的蛋白序列与节肢动物的相似度最高,与内华达白蚁(Zootermopsis nevadensis)、体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)和白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)的相似度分别为71%、68%和68%。在鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉中的荧光定量PCR结果显示,FcGLDC在肌肉中的相对表达量最高,鳃中最低。WSSV感染后,该基因在鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉中呈现出了不同的时空表达特点。使用直接测序法结合质谱法,在该基因内部发现4个SNP位点,但是各位点与抗WSSV性状均不相关(P0.05)。本研究表明,FcGLDC基因在对虾感染WSSV后的应答反应中或起一定作用。  相似文献   

10.
大黄鱼mtDNA ND5和Cytb基因的克隆与序列分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
张祖兴  李明云  朱俊杰 《水产科学》2006,25(12):626-631
2004年4月,将采自浙江省象山港海区网箱养殖的大黄鱼样本,提取总DNA,通过设计特异性引物对大黄鱼线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的辅酶5(ND5)和细胞色素b(Cytb)基因进行PCR扩增。扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳检测、纯化后直接测序。得到ND5的序列1839 bp和Cytb基因序列382 bp。应用primer premier5和MEGA3软件包所作的系统发育分析表明:依据大黄鱼ND5序列所作的进化树总体支持传统的分类地位,大黄鱼更接近塘鳢鱼科。而基于Cytb基因所作的分析表明,黑鳃梅童鱼是大黄鱼在石首鱼科中是遗传距离最小的。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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