虹鳟鱼三倍体生产规模制种技术研究

将实施人工授精获得的115.5万粒授精卵,在9～10℃水温下静置10分钟后移入28～29℃水中进行热休克诱导三倍体处理10～13分钟,然后转入孵化设施利用9～10℃水进行流水孵化、稚鱼饲育和成鱼养殖.对21～24月龄鱼进行性腺态学三倍体检测,三倍体诱导率为71.4%.     

双斑东方鲀三倍体育苗生产性研究

采用温度休克方法诱导双斑东方鲀三倍体,在水温18-20℃条件下,卵受精后5分钟用40℃的水处理双斑东方鲀受精卵10分钟,三倍体诱导率100％,孵化率相对诱导量达25％;育苗采用前期室内工厂化培育与后期土池培育相结合方法,培育出全为三倍体(体长3 cm以上)苗种5．8万尾,对应孵出苗量,成活率为34．6％。     

冷、热休克法诱导黄颡鱼三倍体的比较研究

分别采用冷、热休克抑制第二极体释放的方法诱导黄颡鱼三倍体。结果表明,在卵受精后2min,5℃处理20min,胚胎时期的三倍体率达70%左右,孵化率50%左右,幼鱼时期三倍体(含嵌合体)的检出率为25%,此条件为冷休克处理的优化参数;在卵受精后2min,40℃处理2min,胚胎时期的三倍体诱导率达58%,孵化率为39%,幼鱼时期三倍体(含嵌合体)的检出率为40%,此条件为热休克处理的优化参数。正交分析得出,冷休克条件下起始休克时间是原肠期三倍化率和孵化率的重要影响因子,温度对畸形个体的产生有重要影响;热休克条件下,参考三倍体率、畸形率、孵化期相对存活率三者而言,休克温度均是重要因素。比较观察到冷休克处理组的胚胎受损情况严重,后期的成活率较热休克处理组要低,总体诱导效果逊于热休克处理组。     

三倍体草鱼的生产

精卵混合加水后，不同时间间隔对卵施行不同持续时间的冷休克或热休克生产三倍体草鱼(Chneopharyngodon．idella)，生产的三倍体草鱼达87％，精卵混合一分钟后的草鱼卵立刻暴露手高出周围温度(26℃)12℃的水温中持续3．5分钟处理效果最佳,将幼鱼按规格分级，用科尔特计数器和波道仪分析50-100尾／组鱼的血样，测定其倍性，剔除三倍体百分率低的不同规格的鱼组，使三倍体达到95%的群体重新放回池塘进一步生长，最后选择100％的三倍体草鱼，总体长在150-250毫米的鱼逐尾进行分析。     

三倍体草鱼生产

精卵混合加水后,不同时间间隔对卵施行不同持续时间的冷休克或热休克生产三倍体草鱼(Ch-neopharyngodon idella)。生产的三倍体草鱼达87%。精卵混合一分钟后的草鱼卵立刻暴露于高出周围温度(26℃)12℃的水温中持续3.5分钟处理效果最佳.将幼鱼按规格分级,用科尔特计数器和波道仪分析50—100尾/组鱼的血样,测定其倍性.剔除三倍体百分率低的不同规格的鱼组,使三倍体达到95%的群体重新放回池塘进一步生长.最后选择100%的三倍体草鱼,总体长在150—250毫米的鱼逐尾进行分析.     

热休克诱导黄颡鱼三倍体的研究

以正交试验设计,采用热休克法研究了诱导三倍体黄颡鱼的适宜条件.试验结果表明,在卵受精后2 min,40 ℃持续处理2 min,三倍化率可达57.5%,原肠期相对存活率43.0%,孵化期相对存活率38.5%.分析了热休克处理的参数与三倍体出现率和胚胎相对存活率的关系,诱导参数中处理温度和诱导时机为重要因素,其次为持续时间.     

双斑东方鲀三倍体育苗生产性研究

研究了双斑东方鲀三倍体的诱导方法、技术参数的筛选及生产性育苗的模式.采用温度休克方法诱导双斑东方鲀三倍体,在水温18～20℃条件下,卵受精后5 min用40℃的水温处理双斑东方鲀受精卵10 min,三倍体诱导率100%,孵化率相对诱导量达25%;育苗采用前期室内工厂化培育与后期土池培育相结合方法,培育出全为三倍体(体长3 cm以上)苗种5.8万尾,对应孵出苗量,成活率为34.6%.     

咖啡因＋热刺激法诱导太平洋牡蛎多倍体研究初报

对太平洋牡蛎解剖取卵,然后人工授精,在50％的受精卵出现PBI时,用咖啡因＋热休克处理受精卵15分钟。在不同的温度条件下变态发育,其中34℃时的三倍体率为59．4％。结果表明,在咖啡因浓度一定时,相对低的热休克温度有利于孵化率的提高,而相对高的热休克温度则有利于提高D形幼虫的三倍体率。     

一种鲑鳟鱼三倍体苗种的制备方法

正技术简介:发明提供了一种鲑鳟鱼三倍体苗种的制备方法。本发明将硬头鳟雌性亲鱼与溪红点鲑雄性亲鱼杂交,7℃条件下,受精卵受精20分钟后移入26℃水体中热休克20分钟后,入7℃水体中孵化,60天左右,受精卵孵化出仔鱼。孵化期间受精卵发眼率为75%以上,苗种孵化率达到90%以上,得到的仔鱼经流式细胞仪检测,三倍体率为90%~95%。本发明提供的鲑鳟鱼三倍     

热休克工业养鱼技术生产三倍体鲤鱼

本研究详尽阐述了使用工业养鱼技术生产三倍体鲤鱼的方法。通过对受精卵使用热休克抑制第二成熟分裂获得三倍性。采用下列休克参数取得了最好的结果(三倍体率80-100%、胚胎成活率为对照的70％、受精后6分钟(休克前孵化温度年20℃)开始、温度4或41℃、持续时间2分钟或1．5分钟、此技术准许大规模生产三倍体鲤鱼、因此允许工业养鱼条件下研究三倍体的特性。     

冷休克法和静水压法人工诱导大黄鱼三倍体

同时采用冷休克法和静水压法进行大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson）倍体诱导条件研究，同时比较适合条件下两种方法诱导效果差异以及大批量诱导组不同生长阶段三倍体榆出率的差别。结果表明：（1）冷休克法和静水压法都可成功诱导出大黄鱼二倍体。冷休克法适宜诱导条件为20℃培育水温下授精后3min，在3～4℃海水中处理8～10min；静水压法适宜诱导条件为同样培育水温下授精后3min，在静水压450kg／cm^2下处理3min。三倍体诱导率受处理时刻、处理时间和处理温度（或压力）3因素的影响。（2）综合三倍体诱导率、处理后受精卵原肠期存活率和仔鱼孵化率，静水压法诱导效果要明显优于冷休克法。（3）采用冷休克法进行大黄鱼三倍体大批量诱导，早期胚胎、初孵仔鱼和4月龄幼鱼三倍体检出率分别为34．03％、29．54％和14.81％。表明随生长发育诱导组三倍体检出率有下降趋势。     

Tetraploid induction in tropical oysters,Crassostrea belcheri (Sowerby) and Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino)

Tetraploid induction has been conducted on temperate oysters but not on tropical oysters. In this study, different heat shocks (32, 35 and 38°C) and cold shocks (1, 4 and 7°C) were used to induce tetraploidy in two tropical oyster species, Crassostrea belcheri and Crassostrea iredalei, through meiosis I inhibition. Temperature shocks were applied on the newly fertilized eggs at 8–10 min post fertilization and terminated when second polar bodies began to form in the control eggs. The ploidy of the larvae and spat was determined via direct chromosome count. The percentage of larval survival until Day 20 was low (between 0.4% and 42.9%) for both temperature shocks and oyster species. No surviving larva was recorded for induction at 1, 4 and 38°C. Tetraploid spat was only recorded in C. iredalei but the percentage is low through heat shock induction of 32 and 35°C. This study shows that the tetraploid induction success rate was slightly higher in C. iredalei compared to C. belcheri. No surviving tetraploid spat were recorded for both oyster species through the cold shock method. This study shows that heat shock can be used to inhibit meiosis for the production of tetraploids but more experiments need to be conducted to determine the optimum temperature when dealing with tropical oysters.     

白鱚卵各胚胎发生阶段对高温突变、落下冲击和紫外线照射的感受性

本研究将白鱚卵的胚胎发生过程严格区分为27个阶段,并就各不同发生阶段的卵对高温突变、落下冲击和紫外线照射的感受性进行了详细的比较研究,得出了卵裂早期和原肠晚期至胚孔封闭期的卵对高温突变的感受性高;卵裂晚期至胚体出现期,对落下冲击的感受性高;对紫外线照射的感受性,则以胚体出现期为最高。文中同时分析了这种不同环境因素作用于相同鱼卵的同一发生阶段,产生不同影响的原因;建议在鱼类资源保护和鱼苗生产的孵化管理上,应尽量避免感受性较高的相应环境因素变化对鱼卵的影响。     

Physiological responses of largemouth bass to acute temperature and oxygen stressors

Abstract Temperature and oxygen gradients exist in nearly every water body, but anthropogenic activities can subject fish to rapid changes in these important environmental variables. These rapid changes in temperature and oxygen (generally referred to as temperature or oxygen shock) may have sub‐lethal consequences depending upon the magnitude and the fish species. This study quantified physiological changes in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède), exposed to two levels of heat and cold shocks and to two levels of hypoxic and hyperoxic shocks. Following a cold shock from 20 °C to 8 °C, plasma cortisol and glucose increased after 1 h and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased after 6 h. Plasma glucose and K⁺ concentrations increased 1 h after a heat shock from 20 °C to 32 °C but not after 6 h. Bass subjected to a hypoxic shock from 8 to 2 mg O₂ L^?1 showed decreased plasma K⁺ and increased plasma glucose and white muscle lactate. No changes in physiological parameters were observed in bass subjected up to 18 mg O₂ L^?1 hyperoxia. Results from this study suggest that largemouth bass can tolerate a wide range of temperature and oxygen shocks, but temperature decreases of 20 to 8 °C and hypoxia as low as 4 mg O₂ L^?1 should be avoided to minimise physiological perturbations.     

红鳍东方鲀三倍体诱导的初步研究

通过冷休克的方法诱导红鳍东方鲀的受精卵,孵化后的仔鱼,用PAS-Ⅲ型细胞流速仪测定其倍性,得到较高的三倍体诱导率。受精后8 min,0℃下处理15 min和受精后5 min,2℃下处理15min三倍体率最高,为100%;受精后8 min,4℃下处理10 min倍化率最低,为20%;其余几组的三倍体率为90%。正交试验结果表明,影响三倍体诱导率的主次顺序是处理时间、处理温度、处理起始时间。     

Preliminary study on performance of triploid Thai silver barb, Puntius gonionotus

The triploid chromosome condition was induced in Thai silver barb (Puntius gonionotus) by application of cold shock (2°C) to eggs at time intervals after activation of 0.5 min with a duration of 10 min which resulted in mean triploidy yield of 72.5% at 9 months of age. Growth rate of the 2–9-month-old, cold shock group (0.1–6.2 g/month) did not differ from that of the control (0.1–5.7 g/month). Gonadal somatic indices (GSI) of presumed triploid males and females were lower than that of control (GSI values of the presumed triploids were 35.0–60.2% and 28.7–75.9% of control males and females, respectively). Spermatogenesis and oogenesis were retarded in triploids. However, all stages of spermatogenic cells were observed in triploid males, including few spermatozoa. Oocytes of triploid females did not undergo vitellogenesis while normal oogenesis was observed in diploids. Nuclear volume of red blood cells (RBCs) of triploid fish was 1.63 times larger than that of diploids.     

静水压休克法诱导三倍体鲶鱼（silurus asotus L）的研究

采用静水压休克法诱导三倍体鲶鱼。通过对受精时间、静水压力及持续施压处理时间三方面进行筛选试验的结果表明，鲶鱼卵受精4－5min，用600－649kg/cm^2的静水压力处理3min，可以获得100％的三倍体鲶鱼，而且胚胎存活率也较高，孵化率达对照组的90％以上，是静水压休克法诱导三倍体鲶鱼的最佳条件。三倍体鲶鱼的倍性用细胞遗传学方法验证。     

Induction of triploidy in spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus Steindachner, 1868) by cold shock

Conditions for the induction of triploidy with cold shock of fertilized eggs of the spotted sand bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner) were investigated. Different temperatures (12, 8 and 4 °C), timing of cold shock application (5, 10 and 15 min after fertilization) and duration of the shock (5, 10, 15 and 20 min) were tested. Triploidy was determined using flow cytometry at 12 h after larvae hatched. Triploids were produced only when the cold shock treatment was applied 5 min after fertilization. No significant difference was observed in the percentage of triploidy between temperature and the shock duration. At 8 and 4 °C, 100% triploidy was obtained at different durations of cold shock. Survival was significantly lower at 12 or 4 °C than at 8 °C. No significant difference was observed for shock duration at the temperature of 8 or 12 °C; however, at 4 °C, survival was significantly lower at longer durations. We recommend induction of triploidy by applying cold shock at 8 °C for a duration of 15–20 min starting at 5 min after fertilization, in the spotted sand bass.