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1.
扎龙湿地位于乌裕尔河尾闾,是世界上现存最大的芦苇湿地,也是丹顶鹤等珍稀鸟类重要的繁育场所和栖息地。本次研究基于遥感、气象和水文数据,通过像元二分法反演植被覆盖度,分析扎龙湿地核心区2005-2017年植被覆盖度时空分布特征,探究径流、降水和气温3项水文气象要素对湿地不同等级植被覆盖度的影响,为科学开展湿地生态需水核算和芦苇植被保护提供参考。结果表明,湿地中高植被覆盖和高植被覆盖区域主要分布于乌裕尔河来水和人工补水形成的河道及周围地区,2005-2017年,中高植被覆盖和高植被覆盖区域面积总体呈增长趋势,湿地植被生态质量整体改善。乌裕尔河来水及人工补水量对中高植被覆盖和高植被覆盖区域面积的增长起到显著促进作用,并且存在年际滞后性;温度升高有利于湿地核心区内植被覆盖度整体的提高,但促进作用并不明显;降水与湿地核心区植被覆盖无明显影响作用,乌裕尔河来水及人工补水量是影响扎龙湿地核心区植被覆盖度的主要因素。  相似文献   

2.
鄱阳湖典型湿地植被景观格局的时空变化分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
鄱阳湖是我国重要的湿地,对生态、水位控制、环境控制具有重要的调节作用.伴随着水位年际变化和季节变化剧烈,鄱阳湖湿地类型发生了显著变化,研究其景观格局变化对于正确认识鄱阳湖湿地生态系统演变,为湿地景观规划、湿地生态系统健康恢复具有重要参考意义。考虑到鄱阳湖湖相季节性变化巨大以及2003年前后三峡水利枢纽工程运行后水文情势发生重大变化,选取2003年前后平均水平年对应枯水期和丰水期遥感影像,采用遥感技术(RS)、地理信息技术(GIS)和景观生态学方法进行分析。结果表明,江湖关系发生重大变化后,鄱阳湖年平均水位由2002年之前的13.42 m(星子站吴淞高程)降至12.35 m,平均水位较前一阶段偏低0.45~2.25 m,枯水现象使得鄱阳湖水域面积明显缩小,湿地类型发生了较大变化。平均水位下降,适合植被生长的洲滩面积大幅增加,丰水期湿生植被面积增加了147.66 km2,枯水期增加了1192.43 km2,变化最大区域位于赣江支口与饶河交汇处的三角洲和赣江南支口的洲滩,消失的水面大多转换为湿生植物、挺水植物和泥滩等湿地类型。湿地类型的演变方式为水体和挺水植物演变为裸露泥滩,泥滩演变为湿生植被,湿生植被演变为其它湿地类型。2003年后除水体外湿地景观边界密度和聚集度指数呈现增大趋势,鄱阳湖景观格局整体上趋于复杂。鄱阳湖湿地景观格局变化受到“五河”来水减少、三峡工程蓄水和湿地地貌改变等自然因素和人为因素的双重影响。  相似文献   

3.
黄河河口淡水湿地生态补水研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
在河口地区植被类型、土地利用演变分析基础上,研究建立了黄河三角洲湿地生态补水的地表水-地下水模型,构建了湿地补水的景观生态决策支持系统和河口湿地生态需水的生态-水文模拟系统.选择丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)和黑嘴鸥(Larus saundersi)为生态需水研究的指示物种,模拟补水量分别为2.8亿、3.5亿和4.2亿m3.模拟补水方案下,补水区域200m范围内地下水水位抬升1m以上,补水区域200~1000m范围内地下水水位抬升0.1~1m;植被类型演替,尤其是湿生沼泽、普通草甸、灌丛等面积增加;指示鸟类数量显著增加,生态承载力大幅提高,但承载水平并未随补水量持续增加而显著持续增长;湿地生态功能基本上得到恢复,湿地生态价值明显提高,但当水量增加到一定程度时,增加补水产生的生态价值差别较小.适宜的补水方案是:一般年份补水3.5亿m3,干旱年份补水4.2亿m3,湿润年份补水2.8亿m3.  相似文献   

4.
水生植物种植是实现水鸟栖息地恢复的重要手段。目前面向湖泊的水生植物种植设计主要是针对水质治理,对水鸟栖息地的保护研究较少,且很少考虑植物种植对水位过程的适应性。本文将湖泊水位过程及植物生长特性相结合,提出一种满足鸟类栖息地恢复的水生植物种植设计新方案。以洪泽湖国家湿地自然保护区为例,根据当地鸟类栖息地的实际需求,将芦苇(Phragmites australis)等7种水生植物确定为种植对象。依据洪泽湖湖底高程,结合不同植物的生长水位要求以及植物发挥鸟类觅食及遮蔽两大功能的需求,探究了历史极端水位过程、历史平均水位过程及优化水位过程下的可种植水生植物种类及其可种植区域,并给出种植方案。结果表明:历史极端水位过程下,仅能种植芦苇1种水生植物,对鸟类栖息地恢复作用有限;历史平均水位过程下,可种植植物增加到4种,有利于扩展鸟类栖息地面积;优化水位过程下,能种植全部7种水生植物,并有效恢复鸟类栖息地面积。本研究面向洪泽湖湿地保护区鸟类栖息地保护,依据鸟类及植物对水位过程的需求提出植物种植方案,提高了方案的针对性,准确性,可为洪泽湖湿地植被恢复及鸟类栖息地保护提供借鉴。  相似文献   

5.
保障湿地水体交换能力对完善湿地功能,维持湿地生态系统的健康至关重要。南京绿水湾湿地是长江江滩湿地,具备多种湿地特点,动力条件复杂。本研究以绿水湾湿地为研究对象,通过构建二维水动力-水龄耦合数学模型,模拟了现状和不同闸、泵调控措施下各区域的水动力特征及水体交换能力。结果表明:现状湿地内部水面覆盖率低,水体交换能力差,大部分区域水体交换时间在7天以上,甚至是14天以上。建闸后虽然增加了枯季的水面覆盖率,但明显减弱了湿地内水动力,延长各区域换水周期,换水周期大于14天的区域明显增多。泵站的运用整体上缩短了大部分区域的换水周期,使得水域流速大于0.01m/s的区域面积明显增加,换水周期大于14天的区域面积减少。建闸蓄水后,为预防藻类爆发,需控制湿地内水体的换水周期均在14天内,结合各区域水动力和水体交换特点,提出了闸门生态调度、布置净水能力较强的挺水或沉水植物、增设补水点等调度策略。  相似文献   

6.
网围养鱼是一种新兴的养殖方式。洪泽湖的“水下坝,水上网”的网围养鱼是根据水位变幅较大等过水湖泊的特点,用网片在适宜水体中围成一定面积的区域,进行人工投放鱼种,强化管理措施,从而达到高产的养鱼模式。洪泽湖在我县内的区域占全湖面  相似文献   

7.
开展长江“1515”三道防线实施后的植被恢复效果分析,对评价生态修复成效具有重要的现实意义。基于2015年和2021年高分一号卫星影像数据,运用像元二分模型和转移矩阵法,分析植被覆盖度的时空变化,评价安徽沿江地区植被恢复成效。结果表明,2021年较2015年植被覆盖度整体明显提高,其中高覆盖度由2015年的61%增加到2021年的88%;植被覆盖度等级主要由中高覆盖度、中覆盖度向高覆盖度转移,转移面积分别为18.57%和6.31%,其中安庆和芜湖发生转移的面积最为突出,植被恢复最好;“1515”防线内,以植被中高覆盖度、中覆盖度和中低覆盖度向高覆盖度转移为主,转移面积占比由大到小的区域依次为安徽沿江1 km(27.2%、16.79%和8.06%)、5 km(24.02%、13.91%和6.01%)、15 km(22.78%、10.79%和4.35%),芜湖市在“1515”三道防线的植被恢复效果最好;植被覆盖度等级向好转移以耕地、林地、裸地为主,转移面积占比为耕地>林地>裸地,其中耕地随着防线距离的增加而转移面积减少,林地和裸地随着防线距离的增加而转移面积增加。研究结果可为深入实施长江大保护战略和安徽沿江生态环境保护提供指导和参考。  相似文献   

8.
星海湖是干旱地区典型城市湖泊湿地,其生态环境及生态需水量极大程度上受土地利用变化及相关政策影响。以星海湖湿地为研究对象,利用GIS-遥感技术解译影像,提取不同时期土地利用类型面积,通过水量平衡原理、FAO56Penman-Monteith法开展1996-2018年星海湖湿地湖泊及周边植被生态需水研究,旨在为石嘴山市的生态环境保护、水资源合理利用及优化配置提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)星海湖土地利用格局以水域为主,建设用地、草地次之。水域面积整体呈现增长态势,从6.42km2(占比6.42%)增加至43.11km2(占比43.11%);区域植被面积仅在1996-2005年期间迅速增加,增加至20.68km2(占比44.35%),之后逐年减少,至18年植被总面积为9.21km2(占比19.64%)。(2)星海湖湿地生态需水总量整体呈增长态势,仅在2014年有所下降,在2018年生态需水总量达到最高:最小生态需水总量为13449.80×104m3,适宜生态需水总量为13674.34×104m3;1996年生态需水总量达到最低:最小生态需水总量为2177.11×104m3,适宜生态需水总量为2314.37×104m3。合理的土地利用配置及管理,对水资源合理规划管理及局部生态环境改善、维护区域生态安全具有重要意义。  相似文献   

9.
张颖  张亮 《齐鲁渔业》2014,(5):49-51
潍坊市北部滨海湿地位于莱州湾南岸,与黄河三角洲湿地同为我国北部沿海湿地资源集中分布的重要区域。近30年来,由于受自然灾害和人类活动影响,自然湿地面积减小、植被退化,湿地生物多样性下降、渔业资源衰退。笔者参照国内外先进湿地生态恢复重建技术体系,提出研究区生态恢复与重建的技术方法,以期为当地湿地生态恢复重建工作提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

10.
运城黄河湿地景观空间格局变化及其驱动因素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
基于2007-2017年5期遥感影像,运用遥感解译和景观指数方法,探究运城黄河湿地景观格局变化及其驱动因素,为黄河中游河道湿地的修复与可持续利用提供参考。结果表明:(1)湿地面积在2007-2017年期间总体呈增长趋势,其中2007-2015年湿地面积持续上升,面积增加9 041.39 hm^2,2015-2017年减少5 716.08 hm^2。湿地与旱地之间转换最密切,湿地景观间(水域+沼泽+草甸)也有较大幅度的转换。景观类型的分布以河津市、万荣县、永济市及垣曲县部分种类偏多,湿地景观沿河流分布。(2)类型水平上,旱地是优势类型,湿地整体处于劣势,景观零碎。水域在湿地景观中占优势,林地、旱地景观趋于复杂,旱地、水域、林地景观集聚度偏大;景观水平上,研究区景观破碎度和复杂度都有不同程度的降低,结构趋于稳定,连通性变好。(3)景观格局变化主要受人为驱动影响,其中政策对研究区有强制性的作用。近10 a运城黄河湿地呈现增长态势,景观格局总体逐渐优化。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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