团头鲂配合饲料中锰和钴添加量的研究

试验按两因子三水平有重复试验设计，网箱养团头鲂。经９０天饲养结果表明，配合饲料中锰（Ｍｎ＾２＋）和钴（Ｃｏ＾２＋）的添加量分别为１２．９ｐｐｍ和２３．４ｐｐｍ时，团头鲂鱼种的生长效果相对最佳，饲料中添加适量的Ｃｏ＾２＋对团头鲂的生长有促进作用，且在０－２３．４ｐｐｍ范围内有递增趋势，当Ｍｎ＾２＋的添加量为２５．８ｐｐｍ时，其生长相对减慢。     

水环境中Ca^2＋,Mg^2＋对中国对虾生存及生长的影响

通过单因子静态急性毒性试验和正交设计法,研究水环境中Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋总量及Ｃａ＾２＋／Ｍｇ＾２＋比值对中国对虾生存及生长的影响。结果表明：（１）中国对虾在水环境中能够生存的Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋质量浓度范围分别为２４．９２￣２８０．６６ｍｇ／Ｌ、３４．５￣３４４．９ｍｇ／Ｌ;（２）Ｃａ＾２＋／Ｍｇ＾２＋比值为１：１０,对中国对虾的生存没有影响;（３）中国对虾的生长与Ｃ     

中华绒螯蟹育苗用水中Mg_2_与_省略_g_2_Ca_2_对出苗率的影响

报道了中山绒螯蟹育苗用水调配原则与不同基础水调配方法的研究结果,育苗用水调配的的基本原则是Ｍｇ＾２＋与Ｃａ＾２＋含量及Ｍｇ＾２＋／Ｃａ＾２＋比值（Ｒ）必须达到一定的范围,以渔塘水与深井水作基础水时,需分别添加６种与１０种化学药品,其中Ｍｇ＾２＋与Ｃａ＾２＋含量及Ｒ值可适范围均分别为４８４～８１６ｍｇ／Ｌ与１７８～３４０ｍｇ／Ｌ,Ｒ值均为２．０～３．０研究表明,以可口水育苗最为经济,如盐度或Ｍｇ＾２     

甲基汞对鲤鱼血浆渗透压及鳃丝Na^＋—K^＋—ATPase活性的影响

以水体甲基汞不同浓度（μｇ／Ｌ）分别染毒鲤鱼２４小时和１周。实验结果表明：在浓度高于５０μｇ／Ｌ染毒２４小时和浓度２０μｇ／Ｌ染毒１周时，多数染毒鱼的血浆Ｋ＾＋和Ｍｇ＾２＋浓度增高，Ｎａ＾＋和Ｃｌ＾－浓度下降，ＰＯ４＾３－值变化不明显。血浆Ｃａ＾２＋浓度仅在２００μｇ／Ｌ染毒２４小时和高于４０μｇ／Ｌ染毒１周时，染毒鱼的血浆Ｃａ＾２＋出现极显著下降。甲基汞量高于１００μｇ／Ｌ染毒２４小时和８０μｇ     

CaCl2对鲫鱼血清Ca^2＋浓度的影响

鲫鱼体腔注入０．６８ＭＣａＣｌ２后２－１６小时血清Ｃａ＾２＋浓度显著高于正常对照组,但其数值随时间的延长而逐渐降低,１６小时后继续降低,到４８小时其值显著低于正常对照组,低血钙状态持续到９６小时,我们认为Ｃａ＾２＋浓度的这种变化特征与斯坦尼小体的功能密切相关。     

河蟹人工海水育苗水质的监测与调控

根据水质监测结果,河蟹人工海不育苗的技术关键是：将各元素按比例合理配制人工海水,ａ＾２＋：Ｍｇ＾２＋＝１：２￣３之间,并充分搅拌、曝气、保持夫工涨水中Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、ＳＯ４＾２－、ｐＨ、Ｓ的稳定性;采取增与锅炉加温等措施,及时调节Ｄｏ、温度;在蚤幼Ｚ４￣Ｚ５期加大力度换水,及时清淤２,循环水经处理曝气后重新利用,有效控制水体中ＮＨ４＝Ｎ、ＮＯ２－Ｎ含量．通过定时、定量投入抗 经可达到杀灭人     

几种重金属离子毒性对黑鲷孵子和稚鱼的影响

在黑鲷人工繁殖中，发现海水中重金属离子对黑鲷的稚鱼及孵子的发育有影响，因而作了Ｈｇ＾２＋，Ｃｒ＾６＋，Ｆｅ＾２＋，Ｃｕ＾２＋几种重金属离子对黑鲷雅鱼影响的探讨。找出安全浓度，并提出亚铁的毒性不可忽略，其特点为死亡界限明显，过渡段；时发现几种毒物随着水温的升高。其毒性由强到弱的排列顺序为：Ｈｇ＾２＋＞Ｆｅ＾２＋＞Ｃｕ＾２＋＞Ｃｒ＾６＋，用直线内插法求出了ＴＬｍ２４、ＴＬｍ１８、ＴＬｍ９６浓度。     

鲟鱼类繁殖生物学研究进展

综述了鲟鱼类配子生物学的最新资料。间黄卵动物极具多个卵孔,膜分４层,最外层的胶质层含糖蛋白,其水合作用需Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋离子和类胰蛋白酶。鞭毛精子具顶体。顶体反应形成受精丝。     

温流水养鱼系统对电厂冷却水影响的研究

对具有水处理设施的温流水养鱼系统的供水、养鱼水及回水进行了水质分析，结果：ＰＨ值、ＤＯ、ＡＬＫ、Ｃａ＾２＋和水温依次下降，经过集中水处理后的回水ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５、ＴＨ、ＳＳ和Ｍｇ＾２＋的值有所下降，ＢＯＤ５去除率为５４．３８％，悬浮物去除率为６７．５４％；ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ和ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ依次升高；电导率无明显变化；而ＮＯ３＾－－Ｎ供水略高于养鱼水，在此基础上讨论了温流水养鱼系统对电厂冷却水的正面影响     

微量元素在盐碱地新池塘配方施肥培育鱼种中的效果研究

在施足基肥的盐碱地新池塘中,将有机肥、无机肥氮、磷、微量元素按比例连续不断地配方施肥和水质调控,使水体中ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ＋ＮＨ３－Ｎ为０．８３５ ８ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＰＯ４＾３－－Ｐ为０．１２８ ６ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＳｉＯ２为１．４９ｍｇ／Ｌ,Ｎ／Ｐ为６．０２：１。微量元素Ｆｅ、Ｂ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｃｏ分别按６０、５０、５０、５、５、５μｇ／Ｌ施入池水,隐藻、硅藻为优势种群的浮游植物总生物量达到４６．９３９ｍｇ／     

Growth performance and tissue mineral content of juvenile grouper (Epinephelus coioides) fed diets supplemented with various levels of manganese

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary manganese (Mn) on growth, vertebrae and whole‐body Mn content of juvenile grouper, and to examine the effect of dietary Mn on copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) content of vertebrae and whole body. Seven casein‐gelatin‐based diets were supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 and 1000 mg kg^?1 of Mn from MnSO₄·H₂O. Grouper with an initial weight of 12.9 ± 0.4 g were fed to satiation with one of the seven diets for 8 weeks. Growth was not significantly affected by dietary Mn supplements. Vertebrae Mn increased from 31.7 to 118.1 mg kg^?1 dry weight with dietary Mn supplement increasing from 0 to 50 mg kg^?1 (y = ?0.0002x³ + 0.0162x² + 1.3903x + 26.27, R² = 0.9561, where y is the vertebrae Mn content and x is the dietary Mn content). Whole‐body Mn increased from 2.5 to 7.8 mg kg^?1 wet weight with dietary Mn supplement increasing from 0 to 50 mg kg^?1 (y = 0.00001x³ ? 0.00107x² + 0.11054x + 2.24615, R² = 0.9080, where y is the whole‐body Mn content and x is the dietary Mn content). Dietary Mn had no significant effect on vertebrae Fe, Ca, P and Mg content, and whole‐body Cu, Zn and Mg content. However, vertebrae Zn and whole body Ca, P were highest in fish fed diet supplemented with 15 mg kg^?1 of Mn. Based on this, Mn supplement of 15 mg kg^?1 might be the optimum when the basal diet contained 4 mg kg^?1 of Mn. Fish fed diet supplemented with 1000 mg kg^?1 of Mn did not show any gross abnormality or change in feeding behaviour, but Mn contents of vertebrae and whole body were as high as 695.1 mg kg^?1 dry weight and 42.5 mg kg^?1 wet weight, respectively. Also, whole body Fe decreased significantly when Mn supplement was up to 1000 mg kg^?1.     

不同产地鲍鱼特征元素分析与主成分评价模型的建立

为了找出不同产地鲍鱼(Haliotis Spp.Abalone)的区域性差异,并探究一种有效的鲍鱼产地的鉴别方法,采用主成分分析法对对广东、福建、山东、辽宁4个主要养殖省份鲍鱼样品肌肉中的特征元素(Na、K、Mg、Ca、Fe、Zn、Cu、Ni、As、Al、Mn、Cr、Se)进行分析。结果显示,鲍鱼样品的元素含量存在差异,Mn的变异程度最大,变异系数为74%,Ni次之,为65%,其次是Se (60%),其余元素的变异系数均高于10%。同时,通过对这些数据进行降维处理,有效地从13个特征元素中提取了6个元素作为主成分,累计方差贡献率达89.87%;同时发现Ca、Se、Na、Fe、Mn、K、Ni这7种元素是不同产地鲍鱼的特征元素,并建立了主成分综合评价模型:F=0.2777F_1+0.2652F_2+0.1295F_3+0.1066F_4+0.0656F_5+0.0541F_6。模型的建立可以为利用特征元素对不同产地鲍鱼的产地溯源提供一定的理论参考。     

Effect of dietary microminerals in early weaning diets on growth,survival, mineral contents and gene expression in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata,L) larvae

In previous studies, combined inclusion of Zn, Mn and Se in early weaning diets improved larval growth, but suggested a potential toxicity by one of these elements. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the single inclusion of Zn, Mn, Se or Cu, their combination (Control+) or their absence (Control?) on larval diets. At the end of the trial, survival was significantly (p < .05) lowest in fish fed C+ diet (17.16 ± 7% mean ± SD), followed by that of larvae fed Mn diet (21.91 ± 7%). The highest survival was obtained by Cu diet (35.27 ± 15%), followed by C? diet (34.58 ± 9%). Cu and Se supplementation significantly improved total length and body weight, in comparison with the C? fish. On the contrary, fish fed Mn and C+ showed the lowest growth. Supplementation with Zn or Cu significantly increased CuZnsod, whereas gpx was significantly upregulated in fish fed Se and C+ diets. ARA/EPA level was significantly highest and DHA/EPA lowest in larvae fed the Cu diet in fish fed C+ diet. The results pointed out the importance of supplementation with Cu, as well as Se and Zn, on early weaning diets for gilthead sea bream, and the potential toxic effect of Mn.     

Optimization of Dietary Manganese for Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss,Fed a Plant‐based Diet

Juvenile rainbow trout were fed a plant‐based diet supplemented with inorganic Mn added at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 mg/kg diet for 12 wk. Whole‐body Mn concentrations increased with increasing dietary levels. Rainbow trout fed 2–8 mg Mn/kg diet exhibited weight gain that was significantly higher than fish fed 0, 0.5, 1, 16, and 32 mg Mn/kg diet. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a similar trend, where FCR values decreased with increasing dietary Mn until concentrations reached 8 mg Mn/kg, after which they increased. A rational nonlinear model (R² = 0.84) fit to weight‐gain data showed that the optimal predicted supplementation level for Mn was 4.8 mg/kg diet. The optimal predicted supplementation level for Mn was similar for FCR (5 mg Mn/kg diet). The predicted 5 mg/kg diet of supplemental Mn required for the plant‐based diet formulation examined in this study is lower than the National Research Council–recommended supplementation level of 12 mg/kg. However, due to potential differences in bioavailability or retention of Mn among plant‐protein sources, the level of dietary supplementation for optimal growth could be slightly higher or lower depending on the dietary formulation.     

Effects of dietary manganese sources and levels on growth performance,relative manganese bioavailability,antioxidant activities and tissue mineral content of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum L)

This study was conducted to compare the effects of manganese sulphate (Mn‐S), glycine manganese(Mn‐Gly) and manganese 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio)butyrate (Mn‐HMB) on juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. Treatments consisted of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 mg supplemental Mn kg^?1 from Mn‐S, Mn‐Gly or Mn‐MHB. Growth performance, manganese status, antioxidant activities and tissue mineral content were analysed after a 70‐day feeding period. Specific growth rate (SGR) increased with feeding 6.29 to 12.65 mg Mn kg^?1 diet from the Mn‐S or 6.86 to 12.39 mg Mn kg^?1 from the Mn‐Gly or 6.50 to 8.33 mg Mn kg^?1 from the Mn‐HMB and then plateaued above these levels. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) show decreasing first and then increased trend. Survival rate (SR) were not affected by the dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Fish fed diets supplemented with manganese at levels of 4–32 mg Mn kg^?1 had obviously higher hepatic Mn‐SOD activity (P < 0.05); on the contrary, hepatic has lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05) than fish fed the basal diet. The manganese concentrations of whole body and vertebrae increased with increasing dietary Mn levels from 2–32 mg Mn kg^?1 (independent on manganese sources). Dietary Mn supplementation did not significantly influence the copper concentrations of whole body and vertebrae, the zinc concentrations of whole body and liver. Analysis by the broken‐line regression of SGR indicated that the optimal dietary Mn requirements in juvenile cobia were 15.42, 11.22 and 10.50 mg Mn kg^?1 diet from Mn‐S, Mn‐Gly or Mn‐HMB respectively.     

大口黑鲈幼鱼对饲料中锰的需求量

为确定大口黑鲈幼鱼对饲料中锰的需求量,在含锰5.2 mg/kg的半精制饲料中分别添加0、4、8、16、32和64 mg/kg锰(以MnSO₄·H₂O形式),制成6种不同锰水平的饲料(5.2、9.6、13.5、20.7、 38.3和67.9 mg/kg),投喂初始体重(16.00±0.07) g的大口黑鲈幼鱼10周。结果显示,在基础饲料中添加锰,可显著提高大口黑鲈幼鱼的增重率,降低饲料系数,各组增重率与饲料系数在锰含量达到13.5 mg/kg后基本稳定。随饲料中锰含量的增加,血清T-SOD、Mn-SOD活性和全鱼、脊椎骨中的锰含量上升,并在饲料锰含量达到20.7mg/kg后趋于稳定,而血清丙二醛含量则表现为下降的趋势。全鱼铁、骨铁、骨锌和全鱼锰沉积率随饲料锰含量的增加而下降。研究表明,在半精制饲料中补充锰可以促进大口黑鲈幼鱼生长、提高饲料利用率、血清抗氧化能力、全鱼和骨锰的沉积。以增重率、饲料系数、全鱼锰和骨锰为评价指标,经折线回归分析,大口黑鲈幼鱼对饲料中锰的需求量分别为18.3、20.5、21.1和23.4 mg/kg干物质。     

Manganese supplementation of a practical, fish meal based diet for Atlantic salmon parr

This experiment was conducted to study whether practical fish meal based feeds for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., require manganese (Mn) supplementation. Three thousand parr of initial weight 4.7 g were randomly distributed into 10 tanks and given a fish meal based diet, either unsupplemented or supplemented with 5, 10, 50 or 100 mg Mn kg^?1 (as MnSO₄*H₂O) for 12 weeks. The basal diet contained 4.8 mg Mn kg^?1. Mn concentration in vertebrae and whole fish responded linearly to supplemented Mn up to a level of 10 mg kg^?1 and then reached a plateau. Dietary Mn supplementation did not affect weight gain, liver Mn concentration, blood haemoglobin concentration or haematocrit. To the practical feed, a supplementary level of 10 mg Mn kg^?1, giving a total Mn concentration of 15 mg kg^?1 diet, was necessary to maintain normal Mn status as determined by Mn level in vertebrae and whole fish. However, taking into account the variable Mn content in fish meal and the uncertainty about availability, we recommend a general supplementation of 15 mg Mn kg^?1.     

Comparative study on the effects of chelated or inorganic manganese in diets containing tricalcium phosphate and phytate on the growth performance and physiological responses of turbot Scophthalmus maximus

A growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of chelated (Mintrex^? Mn, Mn‐M) or inorganic (MnSO₄·H₂O, Mn‐S) manganese (Mn) on growth, feed utilization, tissue Mn deposition and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in turbot Scophthalmus maximus. A semi‐purified basal diet was formulated to be deficient in Mn (3.7 mg kg^?1) and contained tricalcium phosphate and sodium phytate at levels of 20 and 5 g kg^?1, respectively. Ten other diets were made by adding five levels (5, 10, 20, 35 and 55 mg Mn kg^?1 diet) of either the Mn‐M or Mn‐S to the basal diet, respectively. The 11 experimental diets were fed to groups of turbot (mean initial weight: 4.6 g) for 8 weeks. Results showed that the specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake, whole body Mn/vertebra Mn concentration and Mn‐SOD activity in liver were significantly improved by Mn supplementation (P < 0.05). On the basis of SGR, vertebra Mn concentration or liver Mn‐SOD activity data, dietary Mn requirement was estimated to be 10.5, 46.3 or 12.9 mg kg^?1 for turbot fed Mn‐S, and the same was estimated to be 7.6, 43.0 or 22.5 mg kg^?1 for turbot fed Mn‐M, respectively. There was no significant difference in growth, feed intake, whole body Mn concentration or vertebra Mn concentration between the two dietary Mn sources (P > 0.05).     

原子吸收法测定海洋生物体中Fe、Mn、Ni的方法研究

通过收集国内外现行标准、规范,以中国海洋领域现行标准体系为基础,研究以原子吸收法测定海洋生物体中Fe、Mn、Ni元素的标准方法。通过加入Cacl2消除火焰法测定Fe、Mn元素的干扰或加入Pd(NO3)2和Mg(NO3)2消除石墨炉法测定Mn、Ni元素的干扰;在特定温度以HNO3-H2O2常压消解或微波消解样品,Fe、Mn元素以火焰法测定、Mn、Ni元素以石墨炉法测定,实验结果表明Fe、Mn、Ni元素的溶出值均在标准值范围内,从而证明该方法具有可行性,适用于海洋生物体的标准方法。     

不同混养鱼类和投喂方式对鱼蚌综合养殖水体化学特征的影响

选用草鱼(Ctenoparyngodon idellus)、银鲫(Carassius gibelio)、鲢(Hypopthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthysnobilis)作为本研究的混养鱼类,通过围隔实验检验了不同混养鱼类组合(草鱼+鲫+鲢+鳙或鲢+鳙)和配合饲料投喂方式(投喂或不投喂)对三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)养殖水体化学特征的影响,实验为期155 d。结果表明,实验设计的混养鱼类组合可显著影响鱼蚌综合养殖水体的Ca2+、总碱度(Alk)、总硬度(HT)和总磷(TP)水平;投喂配合饲料可显著影响Ca2+、Alk、HT、氨氮(TAN)、TP和化学耗氧量(CODMn)。采用混养组合(草鱼+鲫+鲢+鳙)且投喂配合饲料的围隔内溶氧(DO)水平和透明度(SD)较低,Ca2+、HT、TN、TP、TAN和CODMn水平较高;采用混养组合(鲢+鳙)且不投喂的围隔内DO和SD水平较高,而Ca2+、HT、TN、TP、TAN和CODMn水平较低。随养殖时间延长,各组围隔内Ca2+水平下降,TN、TP、TAN和CODMn水平升高。实验期间,DO与SD水平呈正相关;DO和SD与TAN、TN、TP、Ca2+和CODMn水平呈负相关。因此,鱼蚌综合养殖中,控制CODMn和TAN浓度,维持Ca2+稳定及较高的DO水平是水质管理的基本目标。