饲料中添加肉毒碱对黄颡鱼生长的影响

以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源、大豆油为脂质源配制成1个蛋白质水平（35％）X5个脂肪水平（4％，10％，16％，22％，26％）X2个肉毒碱水平（0mg／Kg,150mg／Kg）的10种配方饲料，投喂平均体重为（10．0±0．6）g的黄颡鱼，进行肉毒碱对黄颡鱼生长影响的研究。经100d饲养表明：饲养中添加150mg/Kg肉毒碱对黄颡鱼生长没有影响。在黄颡鱼低蛋白配合饲料中，体重增长率最大，饵料系数、蛋白质效率较好的是最低的脂肪含量组（4％）。高脂肪含量对黄颡鱼的生长不利。     

酶制剂对黄颡鱼生长性能的影响

研究了黄颡鱼日粮中添加酶制剂对其生产性能的影响。试验用平均体重6.5g的黄颡鱼540尾分成5组（4个试验和1个对应组），每个试验组设2个平行，酶制剂分别按0％、0.05%、0．10％、0．15％、0．25％添加，通过40天的饲养试验。试验结果表明：添加酶制剂可以提高黄颡鱼的生长速度和饲料转化率（P＜0．05）其最佳添加水平为0．15％。     

饲料中脂肪含量对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼生长和消化的影响

在水温29.0±1.0℃下,将140日龄、体质量8～10g的七彩神仙鱼(Symphysodon aequifasciata)幼鱼放入室内54cm×40cm×28era的水箱中,投喂以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源(粗蛋白45.0%)、以豆油为脂肪源配制的5种脂肪水平(10.21%、12.02%、17.17%、21.0%,和22.14%)的饲料.90d的饲养表明,七彩神仙幼鱼的成活率变化在96.67%～100.0%之间,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05).随饲料中脂肪含量的增加,鱼的特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和增重率均先增加而后降低;摄食含12.02%脂肪饲料的鱼SGR、PER和增重率极显著地高于摄食含10.22%和22.14%脂肪饲料的鱼(P<0.001),而当鱼摄食含17.17%和21.05%脂肪的饲料时,SGR、PER和增重率与摄食含12.02%脂肪饲料的鱼差异不显著(P>0.05).当饲料中脂肪含量为12.02%时,鱼对饲料中蛋白质的消化率最高;摄食含脂肪为10.22%、12.02%和17.17%的饲料时,对饲料蛋白的消化率差异不显著(P>0.05).实验表明,七彩神仙鱼幼鱼饲料中适宜脂肪含量在12.02%～17.17%之间.     

饲料中不同脂肪酸搭配对仿刺参幼参生长和体组分的影响

在水温13．0～23．0℃下，将平均质量1.45g的仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus幼参放养在容量50L（45cm×31cm×30cm）的水槽中，投喂以鱼粉、虾糠和玉米蛋白为蛋白源，添加马尾藻粉、海泥、贝壳粉和黄原胶等粗蛋白12．70％和粗脂肪5．48％的饲料。在饲料中含有不同比例的亚油酸（LA）、α-亚麻酸（LNA）、二十二碳六烯酸（22：6n-3）（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（20：5n-3）（EPA），以橄榄油平衡脂肪含量，以贝壳粉平衡其他成分，配制成LA和LNA的比例分别为20：0（S1）；20：1（S2）；1：2（S3）和2：1（S4）；LA、LNA、DHA和EPA的比例分别为6：1：5：0（S5）；10：1：30：5（S6）和10：5：6：1（S7）的膏状饲料。80d的饲养表明，幼参摄食只添加橄榄油（S1）、添加橄榄油和亚油酸（S2）的饲料时生长最慢，显著低于其他各组的幼参（P〈0．05）；摄食只添加亚麻酸（S3）或亚油酸和亚麻酸（S4）的饲料时，生长较慢，二者差异不显著（P〉0．05），但均显著低于摄食添加DHA（S5）和EPA＋DHA（S6）的幼参（P〈0．05）；摄食添加上述4种脂肪酸（S7）饲料时，生长最快，即LA，LNA，DHA和EPA的比例为10：5：6：1时，体壁最厚，肠道中淀粉酶和蛋白酶的有效活力最高，对饲料脂肪和蛋白质的消化率显著高于其他各组（P〈0．05）。摄食实验饲料的仿刺参体内蛋白＋脂肪十灰分的含量之和（平均85．79％）远大于初始刺参（79．70％）的相应之和，由高至低依次为：S2（90．57％）〉S1（87．97％）〉S3（85．78％）〉S4（85．29％）〉S7（84．19％）〉S5（83．79％）〉S6（82．97％）。仿刺参摄食后体内18碳脂肪酸含量呈负增长，而体内EPA的含量均呈正增长，且恒定变化在4．36％～6．83％之间，表明饲料中的18碳脂肪酸能转化为仿刺参体内的EPA。添加了4种脂肪酸的S4、S5、S6和S7组幼参肠过氧化氢?     

黄颡鱼人工养殖技术（四）

由于这个阶段黄颡鱼主要以水中的浮游动物为食。因此，要保持池水的肥度，当透明度大于40cm后，适时追肥。为了保证黄颡鱼在成鱼阶段能良好地利用人工配合饲料．从这个阶段起，可以适量投喂海大黄颡鱼鱼种的粉状饲料．将粉状料拌水捏成团，投放在固定的食台上．每天早晚2次，投喂量占鱼体重的3％～5％。由于黄颡鱼喜集群摄食．因此不要到处乱投，避免饲料浪费。     

杂交黄颡鱼、雄性瓦氏黄颡鱼和黄颡鱼的形体指数及肌肉营养组成比较分析

为评估商品规格杂交黄颡鱼的食用营养价值,对杂交黄颡鱼[Pelteobagrus fuividraco(♀)×P.vachelli(♂)]、雄性瓦氏黄颡鱼和黄颡鱼商品鱼的形体指数、出肉率和肌肉的营养组成、氨基酸含量及脂肪酸组成进行了比较分析。结果表明,杂交黄颡鱼的肥满度与雄性黄颡鱼无显著差异;杂交黄颡鱼的胴体率、含肉率和脏体比均与雄性瓦氏黄颡鱼及雄性黄颡鱼无显著差异(P0.05)。杂交黄颡鱼肌肉水分含量最高,脂肪含量最低,而蛋白质和灰分含量与雌、雄黄颡鱼均无显著差异;雄性瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉中水分、蛋白质和灰分的含量较低,脂肪含量最高;杂交黄颡鱼肌肉的氨基酸总量和7种人体必需氨基酸与黄颡鱼无显著差异(P0.05),但均显著高于雄性瓦氏黄颡鱼(P0.05);杂交黄颡鱼肌肉脂肪中C22:6n3的比例和n3系列不饱和脂肪酸总量的比例与雌性黄颡鱼无显著差异(P0.05),但均高于雄性瓦氏黄颡鱼,均低于雄性黄颡鱼。试验表明,杂交黄颡鱼的体形和出肉率与雄性黄颡鱼一致,其肌肉为低脂蛋白食品,营养价值与黄颡鱼接近。     

军曹鱼稚鱼饲料蛋白质和脂肪的最适含量

为了研究军曹鱼－－一种极具发展潜力的适合在热带亚热带网箱养殖鱼类的饲料中蛋白质和脂肪的最适含量，进行了两期生长实验。在第I期的生长实验中，在以鱼粉为基础饲料中添加酪蛋白代替淀粉，使饲料形成含蛋白36－60％的梯度，7种饲料据估算是等能量的。经过8周的生长实验，投喂含44％、48％和52％蛋白质的几种饲料的稚鱼（实验开始时体重33g）的体重增长及饲料转化率均优于其他几组。多元回归分析结果表明，摄食含44.5％蛋白质的饲料的稚鱼，体重增长率最高，这被认为是最适合于稚鱼生长的饲料蛋白质水平。在第II期生长实验中，给稚鱼投喂含脂肪3－18％的7种等氮和等能量的饲料，稚鱼（初始体重41g）的生长率在脂肪含量为3％时最低，随着饲料含脂量的升高，鱼体增重率逐渐升高，然后持平。采用折线回归分析结果表明，当饲料脂肪含量达到5.76％时，鱼的生长达到一个转折点，饲料脂肪含量超过这个转折点至实验的最高浓度18％时，鱼的生长情况变化不大。     

3种不同饲料对黄颡鱼生长性能、形体指标及鱼体成分的影响

以均重12．91土0．71g的黄颡鱼为试验对象，采用定量投喂的方法在池塘网箱中（1．0m×2．0m×1m）进行了62d的生长试验，研究了3种不同配方成本的黄颡鱼膨化料对黄颡鱼的生长性能、鱼体成分、形体指标的影响。结论：与对照组相比，配方成本分别降低4％和7．8％，饲料系数分别上升0．8％和4．8％，这一结果为配方调整提供了参考依据；不同饲料对黄颡鱼的鱼体成分和形体指标没有显著性影响（p〉0．05）。     

延迟投饵对瓦氏黄颡鱼仔鱼存活、摄食和生长的影响

以瓦氏黄颡鱼仔鱼为研究对象，将其分为15个处理组，每组200尾（各设3个平行组），分别在孵化后3、4、5、6、7．8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15和16d开始投喂大型涵，第15组为饥饿组，从不投饵。水温24．5～25．5℃，实验周期为30d。结果表明：（1）孵化后3d的瓦氏黄颡鱼仔鱼初次摄食，15日龄不能建立外源性营养的仔鱼进入PNR期，卵黄囊已耗尽。混合营养期持续4．12h。（2）瓦氏黄颡鱼仔鱼在不同饥饿阶段初次摄食率的变化为：开始较低，此后迅速上升，在4～10日龄达到高峰，最高初次摄食率为100％，此后逐步下降。（3）延迟5天投饵对瓦氏黄颡鱼仔鱼的存活率影响不显著，延迟6d投饵瓦氏黄颡鱼仔鱼的存活率随延迟投饵天数的增加而降低。延迟6d投饵，瓦氏黄颡鱼仔鱼的体长增长率随延迟投饵天数的增加而降低。     

卵形鲳鳗幼鱼蛋白质需要量的研究

为确定卯形鲳鳆（Trachinotus ovatus）幼鱼的蛋白需求量，进行为期8周的摄食生长试验。以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源设计6种试验饲料，蛋白质梯度分别为30．32％、35．56％、41．48％、47．86％、51．70％和54．70％。养殖试验在海水网箱中进行，每种饲料投喂3个网箱（1．5m×1．0m×2．0m），每个网箱放养初始体质量（24．39±0．23）g的卵形鲳鲣30尾。试验结果表明，饲料蛋白水平对卵形鲳够特定生长率（SGR）及饲料效率（FER）有显著影响。随着饲料蛋白水平的升高，试验鱼SGR及FER均显著增加（P〈0．05），而饲料蛋白水平高于41．38％时，各组无显著差异。饲料蛋白水平为47．86％组的卯形鲳够获得最好的SGR和FER。随着饲料蛋白水平升高，卵形鲳鳢鱼体蛋白质量分数也显著增加（P〈0．05）。根据折线模型确定卵形鲳够适宜的蛋白质需要量为45．75％。     

饲料蛋白质和能量水平对草鱼幼鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响

在水温24～29℃下,将675尾规格整齐、健康、体质量为（35.59士0.44）g的草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idel-lus）随机分为9个处理,每处理3个重复,放养于水泥池中的网箱（100cm×50cm×100cm）内,投喂以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,豆油作为脂肪源配制的3个蛋白水平（24%、28%、32%）,每一蛋白水平设3个脂肪水平（4%、6%、8%）,共计9种饲料。饲料蛋能比（P/E）在15.81-22.46 mg·kJ-1之间。92d的饲养表明：D4组（蛋白质含量为28.02%,脂肪为4.30%）草鱼的特定生长率最高,显著高于其他各组（P〈0.05）。随着饲料中蛋白含量的增加,草鱼全肠中蛋白酶的活力逐渐升高,之后又降低,以D4组饲料的蛋白酶活性最高,显著高于D1、D8和D9（P〈0.05）。本实验表明,该生长阶段的草鱼所需最适蛋白水平为28.02%,能量为14307kJ.kg-1,P/E约为19.58mg·kJ-1。     

饲料低蛋白、高脂肪和高消化能对斑点叉尾鮰

为了探讨高脂肪条件下不同的蛋白和能量水平对斑点叉尾鮰生长及体组成的影响,试验设2个蛋白水平(22%,28%),2个脂肪水平(10.0%,14.0%),2个消化能水平(12.56 kJ/g,14.23 kJ/g),共8组,分别为P28L10E14.23,P28L14E14.23,P22L10E14.23,P22L14E14.23,P28L10E12.56,P28L14E12.56,P22L10E12.56和P22L14E12.56。试验饲料配方使用鱼粉和豆粕调节蛋白含量,混合油脂(鱼油∶玉米油=1∶1)调节脂肪含量,α-淀粉、次粉和麸皮调节消化能含量,并以微晶纤维素为填充物,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼(141.5?1.0) g。饲养60 d后,进行生产性能测定,并采集组织样本,测定相关指标。结果表明,鱼体末重(FW)、增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)和饵料系数(FCR)不受饲料蛋白、脂肪和消化能单一营养水平影响(P>0.05);但与饲料蛋白、脂肪和消化能三者的交互作用(P<0.01)有关。胴体蛋白、脂肪含量与饲料脂肪和消化能水平相关(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲料过高脂肪和消化能对斑点叉尾鮰没有额外的促生长作用;饲料蛋白水平达到22%时,即可满足140~300 g斑点叉尾鮰的营养需要;饲料中22%的蛋白、10%的脂肪、12.56 kJ/g的消化能即可满足斑点叉尾鮰仔鱼的生长需要,同时又能保证其正常生理机能,建议可在实际生产配方中作参考值。     

Effects of the dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body composition of bagrid catfish,Pseudobagrus fulvidraco

A 6-week feeding trial with four dietary protein levels (22%, 32%, 42% and 52%) and two dietary lipid levels (10% and 19%) was conducted to investigate the optimum dietary protein and lipid level for the growth of bagrid catfish fingerlings (0.92±0.01 g initial weight). Survival of fish was not affected by either dietary protein or dietary lipid level. Specific growth rate of fish fed the diets containing 10% lipid increased with increasing protein level and that of fish fed the diets containing 19% lipid increased with increasing protein level up to 42%. Feed efficiency of fish fed the 42% protein diet with 19% lipid and 52% protein diet with 10–19% lipid was higher than that of other groups. Daily feed intake of fish decreased with increasing dietary protein level at both lipid levels and showed a tendency toward higher values at 10% lipid diets than at 19% lipid diets. Protein efficiency ratio and protein retention of fish decreased with increasing dietary protein level, and those of fish fed the 19% lipid diet were higher than those of fish fed the 10% diet at 42% protein diet. Moisture content of fish fed 10% lipid diets was higher than that of fish fed 19% lipid diets, at each protein level. Crude lipid content of fish fed 19% lipid diets was higher than that of fish fed 10% lipid diets at each protein level. The results of this study indicate that an increase of dietary lipid level can improve growth and protein utilization, and the diet containing 42% protein with 19% lipid would be suitable for optimum growth and effective protein utilization of bagrid catfish fingerlings.     

Evaluation of Practical Diets with Various Levels of Dietary Protein and Animal Protein for Pond-Raised Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus1

Three levels of dietary protein (26, 28, or 32%) and four levels of animal protein (0, 2, 4, or 6%) were evaluated in a factorial experiment for pond-raised channel caffish using practical-type extruded feeds. Meat, bone, and blood meal (65% protein) was used as the animal protein source. Channel catfish fingerlings (average weight: 69 glfish) were stocked into 48 0.04-ha ponds at a rate of 24,700 fishha. Four ponds were used for each dietary treatment. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for 158 d. No differences were observed in weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, survival, and hematocrits of channel catfish fed diets containing various levels of dietary protein and animal protein. Inclusion of animal protein in the diet did not affect fish dressout, percentage visceral fat, or fillet composition. Comparison of means pooled by dietary protein without regard to animal protein showed that fish fed diets containing 26% protein had a lower percentage dressout than fish fed higher protein diets (55.4% vs. 56.3%). Fish fed the 32% protein diet had lower visceral fat than those fed the 26% or 28% protein diet (2.9% vs. 3.6% or 3.4%). Fillet fat was lower for fish fed the 32% protein diet than for fish fed the 26% protein diet (5.8% vs. 7.1%). Fillet fat in fish fed the 28% protein diet (6.5%) was not different from fish fed either 26% or 32% dietary protein. No differences were detected in fillet protein, moisture, and ash concentrations among fish fed diets containing various concentrations of protein. There were no interactions between dietary protein and animal protein for any variables. Results from the present study indicate that animal protein can be eliminated from diets for grow out of channel catfish fed to apparent satiation using diets containing 26% to 32% crude protein.     

配合饲料中不同蛋白含量对方斑东风螺稚螺生长和体组成的影响

为探讨人工配合饲料中不同蛋白水平对方斑东风螺稚螺生长和体组成的影响。采用蛋白质含量分别是18.58%,24.30%,30.08%,36.44%,42.64%和48.86%的配合饲料进行了试验。试验水温(28.5±1.5)℃,海水盐度1.0178±0.0008,pH值7.9±0.5,试验期6周。结果表明:配合饲料各组中,当蛋白水平高于36.44%(IV组)时,方斑东风螺稚螺壳高和壳宽增长率以及增重率均显著高于18.58%～30.08%组;各组间成活率差异不显著(P0.05)。配合饲料中不同蛋白水平对方斑东风螺肉中水分、灰分和磷的含量均有显著的影响(P0.05),肉中蛋白含量各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。采用折线回归模型分析配合饲料中蛋白水平与增重率的变化关系,通过折线回归方程y1=5.573X-1.84(R2=0.922);y2=2.367X+135.33(R2=0.823)。可见,0.34～1.18 g方斑东风螺稚螺配合饲料中,适宜的蛋白质添加水平为42.78%。     

Low Protein Diets for Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Raised in Earthen Ponds at High Density1

This study was conducted to evaluate the use of low protein diets for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus raised in earthen ponds at high density. Fingerling channel catfish were stocked into 0.04-ha earthen ponds at a rate 24,700 fish/ha and fed experimental diets daily to satiation from April to October 1995. The five diets contained either 32, 28, 24, 20, or 16% crude protein with digestible energy to protein (DE:P) ratios ranging from 8.9 to 16.2 kcal/ g protein. Weight gain was not different among channel catfish fed diets containing 32, 28, or 24% crude protein. Fish fed diets containing 20% or 16% crude protein gained less weight than fish fed the diets containing 28% or 24% crude protein, but not statistically less than the fish fed the 32% crude protein diet. Feed consumption data followed similar trends as weight gain data. Feed conversion ratio increased linearly as dietary protein decreased, but was not significantly different (multiple range test) for fish fed diets containing either 32% or 28% crude protein. There were no differences in survival and hematocrit of fish fed the different diets. No differences (multiple range test) were observed in dressout percentages for fish fed the various diets, but dressout percentage tended to decrease linearly as dietary protein decreased. Visceral fat and fillet fat increased and fillet protein and moisture decreased linearly as dietary protein decreased. Results from this study indicated that dietary protein concentrations as low as 24% are adequate for maximum weight gain of pond-raised channel catfish fed daily to satiation. Fish fed dietary protein levels below 24% grew relatively well, particularly considering that dietary protein was reduced 40–50% below that typically used in commercial channel catfish feeds. However, dietary protein levels below 24% may increase fattiness to an unacceptable level presumably because of the high digestible energy to protein ratio.     

Evaluation of Three Strains of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Fed Diets Containing Three Concentrations of Protein and Digestible Energy1

Abstract A 3 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted using three strains of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, USDA102, USDA103, and Mississippi normal (MN), and three concentrations of dietary protein. Three practical diets were formulated to contain 25, 35, or 45% crude protein with digestible energy/protein ratio of 10.0, 8.1, or 6.8 Kcal/g, respectively. Juvenile channel catfish (mean initial weight: 15.1 g/fish) were fed the experimental diets twice daily to approximate satiation for 8 wk. Regardless of dietary protein concentration, the USDA 103 strain consumed more feed, gained more weight, and converted feed more efficiently than other two strains. The MN strain consumed less feed and gained less weight than the other strains. Regardless of the strain of channel catfish, differences in weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were observed among fish fed diets containing various levels of protein with the 35% protein diet being the best. Neither dietary protein concentration nor strain had significant effect on fillet protein level. Data pooled by fish strain showed that fish of MN strain had lower fillet fat and higher moisture than fish of other two strains. Data pooled by dietary protein showed that fish fed the 45% protein diet had a lower level of fillet fat than fish fed the 35% protein diet, but this did not appear to be a strain effect, rather it was a result of decreased feed consumption. Results from this study clearly demonstrate that per formance of the USDA103 strain of channel catfish was superior to other strains tested. The growth characteristics of the USDA103 strain of channel catfish make the strain a promising candidate for commercialization. However, data are needed on performance of the strain from fingerling to marketable size under conditions similar to those used for the commercial culture of channel catfish prior to their release to the catfish industry.     

Effects of the dietary protein : lipid ratio on growth and nutrient utilization in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

Gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L. (initial mean body weight: 42.5 g) were fed four experimental diets containing either 47 or 51% of dry matter (DM) as protein and either 15 or 21% as lipid for 12 weeks. Each diet was hand-distributed to triplicate groups of 60 fish, three times a day until satiation. The digestibility coefficients of the dietary components were determined using chromic oxide as a marker. The levels of protein or lipid in the diets did not affect the digestibility. Fish regulated their feed intake and attained the same weight at the end of the experiment. However, feed efficiency varied between diets, with best values obtained with both diets containing 21% lipid. When diets contained only 15% lipid, feed efficiency increased with dietary protein level. Nitrogen retention was significantly higher with high fat diets regardless of dietary protein level. Neutral lipid deposition was significantly higher in liver for diets rich in lipids. It was elevated in muscle only in fish fed the diet containing 47% protein and 21% lipid and this deposition in muscle contributed to a significant increase in body fat content. Phosphorus load to the environment, measured as percentage retention of ingested or digestible phosphorus, was significantly lower with both diets higher in lipids.     

Effect of Dietary Protein Concentration on Growth and Processing Yield of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus1

Abstract.— This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein concentration and an all‐plant diet on growth and processing yield of pond‐raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Four diets were formulated using plant and animal proteins to contain 24%n, 28%, 32%, or 36% crude protein with digestible energy to protein (DE/P) ratios of 11.7, 10.2, 9.0, and 8.1 kcal/g, respectively. An all‐plant diet containing 28% protein with a DE/P ratio of 10.2 kcal/g was also included. Channel catfish fingerlings averaging 40 g/fish were stocked into 24, 0.04‐ha ponds at a density of 18,530 fish/ha. Five ponds were used for each dietary treatment except for the all‐plant diet which had four replicates. The fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for 160 d. No differences were observed in feed consumption, weight gain, survival, carcass and nugget yield, or fillet moisture and protein concentrations among treatments. Fish fed the 28% protein diet had a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than fish fed diets containing 24% and 32% protein, but had a FCR similar to fish fed the 36% protein diet. Fillet yield was higher for fish fed the 36% protein diet than fish fed the 24% protein diet. Visceral fat was lower in fish fed the 36% protein diet than fish fed other diets. Fish fed the 32% and 36% protein diets exhibited a lower level of fillet fat than fish fed the 24% protein diet. The 36% protein diet resulted in a lower level of fillet fat than fish fed the 28% protein diet. There was a positive linear regression in fillet yield and fillet moisture concentration and a negative linear regression in visceral fat and fillet fat against dietary protein concentration. No differences in any variables were noted between the 28% protein diets with and without animal protein except that fish fed the 28% protein diet without animal protein had a higher FCR than fish fed the 28% protein diet with animal protein. This observation did not appear to be diet related since FCR of fish fed the 32% protein diet containing animal protein was not different from that of fish fed the 28% all‐plant protein diet. Data from the present study indicate that dietary protein concentrations ranging from 24% to 36% provided for similar feed consumption, growth, feed efficiency, and carcass yield. However, since there is a general increase in fattiness and a decrease in fillet yield as the dietary protein concentration decreases or DEP ratio increases, it is suggested that a minimum of 28% dietary protein with a maximum DEIP ratio of 10 kcal/g protein is optimal for channel catfish growout.     

丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺对德国镜鲤幼鱼（CyprinuscarpioL11）血清生化指标及体组成的影响

选用270尾初始体重（12．97±0．18）g的德国镜鲤幼鱼，随机分为6组，每组3个重复，每个重复15尾。I组为对照组，饲喂基础日粮，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组为试验组，分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺（Aln—Gin）0．25，0．5，0．75，1．0和1．5％的13粮，试验期为12周，观察Ain—Gin对镜鲤血清生化指标及营养组成的影响。结果显示：与对照组相比，各试验组血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著升高（P〈0．05）；添加高剂量Aln—Gin（1．5％）试验组血清白蛋白显著提高（P〈0．05）；各组的血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶及碱性磷酸酶活性差异不显著；各试验组全鱼粗蛋白质含量升高，其中Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组显著升高（P〈0．05）；各组的粗水分、粗脂肪和灰分含量差异不显著。结果表明，日粮中添加一定量的Aln—Gin能够显著促进鲤鱼幼鱼营养代谢，提高全鱼蛋白含量。