苯甲酸雌二醇对新吉富罗非鱼雌性化的影响

为研究外源激素对罗非鱼性别分化的影响,本研究以新吉富罗非鱼作为试验鱼种,以苯甲酸雌二醇作为外源性雌激素,通过设置不同的药物浓度梯度、诱导时长,研究了 口服和浸浴两种方法对新吉富罗非鱼雌性化的影响.结果表明,口服不同药物浓度饲料的雌性化诱导中,雌性化率随着浓度的增加、诱导时间的延长而升高,且与对照组存在明显的差异(P＜0...     

奥利亚罗非鱼雌性化技术的研究

采用FH激素诱导奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aurea)雌性化,结果显示:以鱼苗为起始材料,奥利亚罗非鱼雌鱼的转化率为76.5%～89.6%;以胚胎为起始材料,雌鱼的转化率可达到100%,ZZ型合子可完全变成生理雌鱼,卵巢发育正常,具有繁殖功能。     

60个家系吉富品系罗非鱼初期阶段的生长比较

本文对这60个家系的吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)在生长初期阶段的3个多月时间内的生长情况进行了比较分析,结果显示:经过3个多月的培育,60个家系共1831尾吉富罗非鱼的总体平均体重为102.4±38.9g。第59号家系的平均体重最大,为178.0±40.0g;第9号家系的平均体重最小,为64.1±18.6g。最大个体出现在第59号家系中,为271.7g,最小个体出现在第20号家系中,为22.0g。从家系水平上看,生长速度相差2倍,从个体水平上看,最大个体的体重是最小个体的12倍多。表明吉富罗非鱼各家系及个体间的生长速度存在较大差异,既有进行选育的基础,也有进行长期选育的必要。     

池塘主养吉富罗非鱼初试

吉富罗非鱼肉质好,头小体长,背高肉厚,具有生长速度快、雄性率高、成活率高、饵料系数低、成鱼规格均匀等优点。本站辖区内养殖户苏丕强同志2006年承包合浦水库鱼塘0.87hm2,开始了吉富罗非鱼养殖试验,取得了较好的经济效益。现总结如下:     

17-β雌二醇诱导鲻雌性化的机制

用原位杂交和免疫细胞化学技术,对服用17 β雌二醇实验组和对照组幼年鲻脑各部和性腺进行芳香化酶的定位。结果发现,芳香化酶转录物和特异性蛋白在幼年鲻端脑(嗅球和大脑)、间脑、中脑和小脑是丰富的。在性别未分化时,芳香化酶免疫活性细胞在幼鲻脑各部的分布密度有显著的差异。在嗅球,对照组芳香化酶免疫阳性细胞的分布密度高于实验组,而在间脑、中脑和小脑实验组免疫阳性细胞数量比对照组多1～3倍,特别是下丘脑视前区芳香化酶的免疫阳性细胞数量尤占优势,提示芳香化酶在幼年鲻性分化中可能起关键的作用。另外,在性分化后,芳香化酶免疫活性还定位在卵巢颗粒细胞和精巢间质细胞与足细胞。同时,免疫阳性物质也定位在卵巢和精巢的生殖细胞。这些结果揭示了17 β雌二醇诱发幼鲻雌性化的机制可能是通过芳香化酶的介导,本研究首次提供形态学新的证据。最后,文中还讨论了芳香化酶在鲻性腺发育中可能的生理作用。     

罗非鱼养殖的新选择——“新吉富”罗非鱼

广西合浦养殖户吴明先一直从事淡水鱼养殖,养殖罗非鱼也有七个年头,之前养殖的是台湾品种,07年选择了“广特超”新吉富罗非鱼,获得满意收成。他认为,该品种罗非鱼生长速度快,病害少,鱼肉厚,肉质好。没有泥腥味。     

新吉富罗非鱼健康养殖技术要点

新吉富罗非鱼是上海海洋大学李思发教授以1994年引进的"吉富"品系尼罗罗非鱼为基础群体,经过14年9代系统选育后获得的新品种。新吉富罗非鱼是通过国家农业部审定的水产养殖优良品种,被列入农业部全国重点推广养殖品种。本试验是根据《罗非鱼优质品种培育、推广及产业化关键技术集成与创新》子项目"罗非鱼高效养殖模式开发"进行的,从2012年4月20日放养新吉富罗非鱼越冬苗至     

罗非鱼优良品系--吉富罗非鱼的育成始末

20世纪80年代末期,亚洲地区养殖罗非鱼种群的经济性状严重退化。1988年,世界鱼类中心发起养殖罗非鱼遗传改良(GIFT)计划,与挪威、菲律宾等国家研究机构合作,在收集亚洲和非洲八个国家和地区的尼罗罗非鱼种质资源的基础上,合成基础群并进行选育,经过六代选育,使其生长速度提高85%。选育形成的品系称GIFT鱼,国内称为吉富罗非鱼,目前已推广到以亚太地区为主的十多个国家。吉富罗非鱼的育成为其它水产动物的育种提供了成功的典范。     

“新吉富”罗非鱼

【品种来源】“新吉富”罗非鱼,是上海水产大学与国家级广东罗非鱼良种场、青岛罗非鱼良种场合作选育的具有自主知识产权的优良品种。在1994年从菲律宾引进的经过三代选育的吉富品系罗非鱼的基础上,从1996年起,通过选择体形标准、腱康的吉富品系罗非鱼建立选育基础群体,采取群体选育方法,经过连续9代选育而成。     

新吉富罗非鱼健康高效养殖技术

“新吉富”罗非鱼具有生长速度快、鱼体高、背厚、出肉率高、初次性成熟月龄推迟、遗传纯度高（遗传纯度已提高到92％以上）等优点，是我国目前综合经济性状最好的罗非鱼养殖品种。本文依据国家对水产养殖相关的环境、水质、养殖管理的标准与规范，从养殖场地选择、苗种投放、饲养管理、病害防治、产品收获等方面入手，规范新吉富罗非鱼健康养殖管理，总结新吉富罗非鱼一套健康高效养殖新技术。现将技术介绍如下：     

尼罗罗非鱼淀粉酶性质的初步研究

研究了尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)肝脏淀粉酶的基本性质及金属离子对该鱼淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明:罗非鱼淀粉酶活力的最适pH是6.5,最适底物浓度是2%。研究金属离子对该鱼淀粉酶活力影响,一价金属离子K+、Li+、Na+对酶活力影响较小;二价金属离子Cu2+对酶活力具有抑制作用,Zn2+对酶活力无明显影响;三价金属离子Al3+对酶活力具有抑制作用,但效果不是很强烈,Fe3+对酶活力具有明显的激活作用;碱土金属Mg2+、Ca2+对淀粉酶活性有激活作用,而Ba2+对酶具有抑制作用;重金属离子Cd2+、Pb2+有明显的抑制作用。     

三种生态环境下尼罗罗非鱼免疫因子的比较

随机选取海水池塘(盐度28)和淡水池塘养殖及水库天然增殖的3种不同生态环境下、体质量为200~500g的尼罗罗非鱼为研究材料,采用生物化学方法测定3种生态环境尼罗罗非鱼血清中碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶的活性和蛋白质量浓度。结果显示,3种生态环境中罗非鱼血清中碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活力差异不显著(P0.05),其余各组间罗非鱼血清中过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶的活性及血清蛋白质量浓度差异显著(P0.05),酶活力和蛋白质量浓度依次为:水库海水池塘淡水池塘。试验结果表明,水库天然增殖的尼罗罗非鱼具有较高的磷酸酶活性。     

尼罗罗非鱼肠道淀粉酶高产菌株的筛选及耐酸、耐高温特性的研究

研究了从健康罗非鱼肠道中筛选出的活力为195 U/ml的淀粉酶高产菌株的耐酸耐高温能力。结果表明,该菌株最高耐受温度为80℃,20 min;在50~60℃时稳定性强,可保持正常生长,维持高菌体量;最适生长pH值为6,在强酸性条件下能存活,并维持缓慢生长。由此表明,该菌株在微生态饲料添加剂生产上具有重要潜在价值。     

Cortisol Response of Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (L.), to Temperature Changes

Abstract

Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), is a commercially-valuable fish species with high nutritional value. As a result of the intensive aquaculture of this species, handling, transport, and environmental changes that causes stress on these fish are unavoidable. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of gradual and acute temperature changes on juvenile tilapia. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found among serum cortisol levels in juvenile tilapia when the water temperature was gradually increased from 27°C to 32°C, or 40°C, and maintained for 1 hour, although the levels were five times pretreat-ment levels. When tilapia acclimated to 27°C were subjected to 18°, 27°, 30°, 32°, 34°, 36°, 38°, or 40°C water for 10 minutes in a water bath, followed by a recovery period of 10 minutes at 27°C in the original aquaria, no significant difference (P > 0.05) in cortisol levels was observed among treatments except for significantly elevated levels at 38°C and 40°C. When tilapia acclimated to 27°C were subjected to the same temperature exposures but given a recovery period of 60 minutes at 27°C in the original aquaria, there was no significant (P > 0.05) increase in cortisol levels in tilapia among treatments from 18° to 36°C; but there was a significant (P > 0.05) increase between values from those treatments at 38° and 40°C. Acute temperature changes initiated the cortisol response as early as 10 minutes in fish following exposure to 38°C or 40°C and resulted in significant increases in the 38°C and 40°C treatments following 1 hour of recovery at 27°C. These results have implications for the management of tilapia during bacterial challenge, vaccination, and handling and transport during aquacultural activities.     

吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼选育系F6、F7和F8当年鱼生长对比研究

罗非鱼是世界性养殖鱼类之一,对罗非鱼进行遗传改良研究具有重要意义。在流水池饲养环境里,对选育系F6、F7和F8 3代的当年尼罗罗非鱼Oreochromis niloticus生长性能进行同池比较。经过114 d的饲养,F6、F7和F8世代鱼体重的平均生长速度分别为1.07、1.12和1.47 gd-1,呈逐代增大的趋势。偏差校正后,F6、F7和F8 3代鱼增重率分别为1.13、1.18和1.36 gd-1。F8的体重变异系数比F7降低了6.29%,比F6降低了7.95%。F8代的生长方程是y=40.313x－61.670（R2=0.8783,R=0.9513）。     

Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccination and Infection Stress in Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

Abstract

The stress response following intraperitoneal (IP) injection of a non-adjuvant Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine in cultured warmwater Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, has not been investigated. Further, little or no information is available on stress following S. agalactiae infection and what effect, if any, vaccination has on susceptibility to infection. The objective of this study was to develop preliminary information on the associations between vaccination, stress, and infection. Blood glucose levels were used to evaluate stress in the fish at different time intervals following vaccination and challenge with S. agalactiae. Blood glucose levels were measured in vaccinates and controls at 0, 2, 6, 24 hours, and 28 days post-immunization (0 hours pre-challenge), and at 2,6, 24,48,72, and 312 hours following challenge with 1.5 × 10⁴ colony forming units (CFU) of S. agalactiae/fish. Significant increases in blood glucose levels were observed only in association with the injection of the vaccine and at 2 hours after injection. After S. agalactiae challenge, both controls and vaccinates had significantly (P < 0.05) higher blood glucose values at 2, 24,48, and 72 hours than at 0 hours. However, blood glucose levels in vaccinates were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the controls at 24, 48, and 312 hours. Blood glucose levels and mortality of the infected controls were significantly correlated (r² = 0.9236, P = 0.0134). The cumulative mortality of the vaccinates and controls was 10% and 60% after 13 days post-challenge, respectively. The relative percent survival (RPS) was 83.4. Our results indicate that the vaccine was efficacious against S. agalactiae and induced short-term stress in tilapia. These preliminary results also suggested, for the first time, that vaccination may significantly reduce the infection stress associated with S. agalactiae infection in tilapia.     

猪油对罗非鱼生长及餐后脂质代谢的影响

在实用饲料配方的基础上分别添加0%、5%、10%猪油组成试验饲料饲喂罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)(初重43 g)8周,比较研究猪油不同添加水平对罗非鱼生长及餐后脂质代谢的影响。结果表明,罗非鱼的末重(FBW)、特定生长率(SGR)、增重率(WGR)和饲料效率(FE)随着饲料中猪油水平的增加而显著升高。而摄食量(FI)表现出相反的变化趋势,即高水平猪油组显著低于对照组。随猪油添加水平增加,罗非鱼肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活力显著降低,而肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加。血清中甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)含量均随饲料中猪油水平增加而显著升高。各试验组罗非鱼血清中CHO、TG、LDL-C和VLDL-C含量随时间推移均表现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,TG和VLDL-C的峰值出现在餐后6h,而CHO和LDL-C峰值在餐后9 h。但HDL-C表现出相反的变化趋势,即先降低后升高,在餐后6 h达到最低值。总之,饲料中添加不同水平猪油会促进罗非鱼生长,但会影响罗非鱼的肝功能以及餐后脂质代谢,罗非鱼抗氧化能力也相应受到影响。     

Effect of probiotics on the survival, growth and challenge infection in Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the potential benefit of Bacillus pumilus and a commercial product (‘Organic Green'^?) as a probiotic in the culture of the tilapia nilotica. Two doses of B. pumilus (10⁶ and 10¹² g^?1 diet fed) and Organic Green^? (1 and 2 g kg^?1 diet fed) were used as feed additives and administered for periods of 1 (groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively) and 2 (groups 6, 7, 8 and 9 respectively) months; group 1 served as a control. Each group consisted of 4 equal replicates of 320 fish. Body weight, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity, haematocrit values and total and differential leucocytic counts (TLC and DLC) were recorded in each group after 1 and 2 months. At the end of the experiment (8 months), survival and individual body weights were recorded. Challenge infections were performed after 1, 2 and 8 months using 0.5 mL culture suspension of a pathogenic reference strain of Aeromonas hydrophila (10⁸ bacteria mL^?1). The NBT values were increased significantly in all treated groups, except those administered B. pumillus (groups 3 and 6). There were significant changes in haematocrit values and TLC and DLCs in the treated groups, except group 3, which showed a significant increase in TLC, lymphocytes and monocytes. There was a statistically significant increase in the individual body weight in groups 5, 6, 8 and 9. The survival rates of all treatment groups were higher than the control group, the differences being statistically significant in groups 3 and 9. The challenge infection showed a variable response with the type and dose of treatment and the period of application. The highest relative levels of protection were an average increase of 62.5% after 1 month (groups 3 and 5), 55.6% after 2 months (group 7) and 15.8% after 8 months (groups 8 and 9). Overall, both types of probiotics induced a similar effect. The results show the potential of using probiotics to enhance immune and health status and improve disease resistance in Oreochromis niloticus, thereby improving growth performance. However, further extensive testing, including a full commercial cost–benefit analysis, is necessary before recommending their application in aquaculture.     

不同盐、碱度下3品系尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼网箱养殖的生长比较

以慢性驯化后的上海、山东、河北品系尼岁岁非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）幼鱼为试验材料,比较它们在盐度组（0、15和20）、碳酸氢钠（NaHCO3）碱度组（1 g·L^-1、2 g·L^-1和3 g·L^-1）以及盐碱混合组（15,1 g·L^-1;15,2 g·L^-1;15,3 g·L^-1;20,1 g·L^-1;20,2 g·L^-1和20,3 g·L^-1）条件下网箱养殖成活率和日均增重率差异.62d试验结果表明,上海、山东、河北品系尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼在不同盐度、碱度、盐碱混合处理组中的成活率差异不显著（P＞0.05）,而日均增重率的差异显著（P＜0.05）.随着盐度、碱度增加,尼罗罗非鱼生长速度大体呈下降趋势;盐碱混合组生长速度较单盐、单碱组减慢.还发现不同品系尼罗罗非鱼在不同盐碱梯度下表现出不同的相对生长优势.研究结果为尼罗罗非鱼适宜养殖的盐碱范围确定、品系筛选提供了重要的基础资料.     

高温诱导对尼罗罗非鱼性别分化及生长的影响

采用自雌鱼口腔中取出受精卵人工孵化的方法建立了尼罗罗非鱼家系20个。受精后9d,将各家系鱼苗分成两份,分别在28℃(对照组)和36℃(高温诱导组)下养殖,诱导处理12d后,统计高温诱导期成活率并将实验鱼转入自然水温下培育,养殖60～120d后对各实验组的雄性率及生长情况进行测定。结果表明,高温处理对仔鱼的成活率没有影响,但能显著提高某些家系的雄性率,如F27(诱导组88%,对照组49%)、F37(诱导组90%,对照组53%)和F41(诱导组91%,对照组53%);高温处理后多数家系的雄性率略有升高,但不显著;有两个家系高温诱导组雄性率低于对照组,分别是F8(诱导组43%,对照组46%)和F35(诱导组29%,对照组38%),这显示了尼罗罗非鱼性别分化受遗传和环境因子共同作用。生长情况测定结果表明,高温诱导对发育初期罗非鱼的生长没有显著影响。本研究结果说明,高温处理能显著提高某些家系的雄性率,高温诱导和家系选择有望成为高雄性率尼罗罗非鱼新品种培育的新的技术手段。