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1.
水体使用副溶血弧菌噬菌体对对虾体内宿主的防治研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
研究在水体使用噬菌体对感染病原菌对虾的治疗效果。在水体使用浓度分别为1×106,1×105,1×104pfu/mL的噬菌体对人工感染副溶血弧菌的凡纳滨对虾进行生物防治实验。结果显示,施加噬菌体的实验组对虾的死亡率明显低于对照组,对虾发病症状也较轻。凡纳滨对虾各组织器官含菌量实验表明,噬菌体对水体宿主裂解的同时,对虾体内器官的副溶血弧菌也被明显清除。水体中加入噬菌体使感染副溶血弧菌对虾体内的血细胞含量保持相对稳定。水体使用噬菌体对对虾副溶血弧菌病有积极的治疗作用。  相似文献   

2.
为查明上海市奉贤区某对虾养殖场疑似患急性肝胰腺坏死病的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的病原菌,本研究从患病凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺组织分离纯化到1株优势菌FHBX-1,并通过人工回归感染试验确定其致病性,利用VITEK-2全自动微生物鉴定仪和16S rRNA、热休克蛋白HSP60基因序列分析进行综合鉴定,并检测其毒力基因。同时采用K-B纸片扩散法检测病原菌的药物敏感性并通过石蜡切片观察患病凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺组织的病理特征。结果显示:菌株FHBX-1经生理生化特征测定、16S rRNA和热休克蛋白HSP60基因序列分析,综合鉴定为副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus),且携带了急性肝胰腺坏死病相关的毒力基因pirAVP、pirBVP,未携带副溶血弧菌临床主要毒力基因耐热直接溶血毒素tdh和相对耐热直接溶血毒素trh基因。人工回归感染试验结果显示,凡纳滨对虾在菌液浓度为1.0×106 CFU/mL浸泡感染试验组,7 d内累计死亡率为80%,患病凡纳滨对虾具有肝胰腺颜色变白、萎缩变小,胃肠变...  相似文献   

3.
以施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)肿嘴病病原菌异常嗜糖气单胞菌(A.allosaccharophila)为抗原,免疫兔获得高免血清,建立一种快速检测施氏鲟肿嘴病病原菌的ELISA技术。结果显示:采用棋盘滴定法确定抗原和抗血清的最适工作浓度分别是为107CFU和1∶100000;病原菌检测灵敏度为每孔104CFU;抗血清与其它细菌标准菌株的交叉反应均呈阴性;阻断试验中的阻断率达67.3%;交叉反应和阻断试验的结果表明该方法具有较高的特异性。将此方法标准化后,对35份人工感染后的施氏鲟和健康施氏鲟进行检测,阳性的检出率分别为88.6%和14.3%,表明该技术不但可以检测已经发病的施氏鲟,而且还可以检测带菌的施氏鲟。  相似文献   

4.
从患病凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中分离出菌株20100612001,经人工感染实验证实,该分离菌株对凡纳滨对虾的半数致死量为1.44×106CFU/ml。形态学观察和革兰氏染色表明,该菌株为革兰氏阴性,无芽孢,有一根端极鞭毛;呈球杆状、球状、棒状或梨状且有两极浓染现象;在2216E培养基上为透明或半透明的圆形菌落,而在TCBS选择性培养基上为绿色或蓝绿色菌落。经Biolog碳源利用反应、脂肪酸气相色谱分析得出,该菌株与副溶血弧菌、需钠弧菌等的生理生化特性最相似;16SrD-NA序列测定表明,该菌株与弧菌属中几株病原菌的同源性均达到98.9%以上。在分子进化树中该菌株与副溶血弧菌Vibrio parahaemolyticus的进化地位最接近。综合上述实验结果分析得出,该细菌分离物为副溶血弧菌。  相似文献   

5.
凡纳滨对虾细菌性红体病病原的分子特征与耐药性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
陈健舜  朱凝瑜  孔蕾  郑天伦  杜建明 《水产学报》2012,36(12):1891-1900
为探明引起凡纳滨对虾细菌性红体病的病原,从病虾肝胰脏分离得到10株优势菌,经回归感染实验证实其为引起此次红体病的病原菌.Vitek与16S rRNA序列分析显示,分离株均为副溶血弧菌.基于dnaE-gyrB-recA-dtdS-pntA-pyrC-tnaA的多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing,MLST)表明,这些菌株形成3个新序列型(ST),其中1株为ST413,7株为ST414,2株为ST415;ST413包含新等位基因型recA-166与tnaA-121,ST414则含有新等位基因型gyrB-219.MLST结果提示,这些副溶血弧菌分离株并非来自单一克隆,呈现出一定水平的分子多样性.但这些菌株均含有大流行群(PG)的分子标记toxRS与VPA1168,并具有相同的毒力基因构成(tlh+ tdhtrh-T3SS1+T3SS2-)与耐药谱,其tdh与trh的缺失并未影响细菌对凡纳滨对虾的致病力.综上所述,引起此次凡纳滨对虾红体病的10株副溶血弧菌可能为PG的不同变异株.  相似文献   

6.
10株副溶血弧菌多位点序列分型新序列型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2011年浙江某规模化养殖场大面积爆发凡纳滨对虾红体病。病虾未检出白斑病毒与桃拉病毒,在肝胰脏分离得到10株副溶血弧菌,对其进行基于dnaE-gyrB-recA-dtdS-pntA-pyrC-tnaA的多位点序列分型。这些菌株均为新序列型(ST)菌株,其中1株为ST413,7株为ST414,2株为ST415;ST413包含新等位基因型recA-166与tnaA-121,ST414则含有新等位基因型gyrB-219。新等位基因型与新序列型已被多位点序列分型数据库确认并收录。新序列型与已知序列型均只含有3个以下相同的等位基因。结果提示,与此次凡纳滨对虾红体病相关的副溶血弧菌分离株可能经历了较高水平的分子变异,呈现出显著的分子多样性,并非来自单一克隆。本研究代表由副溶血弧菌新序列型引起凡纳滨对虾红体病的首次报道。  相似文献   

7.
施氏鲟病原嗜水气单胞菌ELISA快速检测方法的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenchii)细菌性败血症病原菌嗜水气单胞菌为抗原,免疫兔获得高免血清,建立一种快速检测施氏鲟细菌性败血症病原菌嗜水气单胞菌的ELISA技术。结果显示:采用棋盘滴定法确定抗原和抗血清的最适工作浓度分别为107CFU/mL和1∶20000;病原菌检测灵敏度为每孔104CFU;抗血清与其它细菌标准菌株的交叉反应结果均呈阴性;阻断实验中的阻断率达66.88%;交叉反应和阻断实验的结果表明该方法具有较高的特异性。将该方法标准化后检测了22份人工感染后的施氏鲟和健康施氏鲟,阳性检测率分别为90.9%和13.6%,表明该技术不仅能够检测已发病的施氏鲟,而且能够检测带菌的施氏鲟。  相似文献   

8.
利用噬菌体防治对虾弧菌病的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用副溶血弧菌人工感染凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),以口服和直接浸泡副溶血弧菌噬菌体两种方式处理对虾,9天内,实验组对虾的死亡率较弧菌对照组低66.7%,实验组对虾的组织器官中和实验水体中的弧菌含量均远低于弧菌对照组.实验结果表明:口服和直接浸泡副溶血弧菌噬菌体方式均可有效防治对虾弧菌病.  相似文献   

9.
本研究筛选了凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肠道铁载体高产菌株,并探究了饲料中添加铁载体高产菌株对凡纳滨对虾的生理功效。结果显示,从凡纳滨对虾肠道中筛选出一株铁载体产量高达74.87%的菌株SDVGH3,经鉴定属于泛菌属(Pantoea sp.),产生的铁载体属于异羟肟酸型,该菌株无溶血性,对大部分抗生素敏感;优化了该菌株铁载体产量的培养条件:最适温度为28℃,pH为7.5,盐度为0,装液量为10 mL,Fe3+浓度为0.01 mmol/L;采用滤纸片扩散法检测了菌株抑制病原菌的特性,显示能抑制5种凡纳滨对虾致病菌。通过在饲料中添加SDVGH3菌液,凡纳滨对虾增重率和饲料利用率明显升高,血细胞数量、吞噬率和血浆酚氧化酶、抗菌活性均有不同程度的升高,副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)攻毒后,实验组的死亡率显著低于对照组,1010 CFU/g实验组的死亡率最低,为61.4%;添加107 CFU/g SDVGH3菌液处理组,凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群多样性显著提高,弧菌属(Vibrio sp.)在肠道菌群中所占比例明显下降。研究表明,铁载体高产菌株SDVGH3能明显促进凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫防御能力,增强肠道菌群健康,具有应用于水产养殖中的潜力。  相似文献   

10.
周鲜娇  邱德全 《水产科学》2011,30(7):378-382
在养殖水体不同亚硝酸氮的条件下,通过对凡纳滨对虾的毒性试验和检测对虾部分免疫指标的变化来研究副溶血弧菌噬菌体对对虾弧菌病的防治效果.试验设置0.005(对照)、0.75、1.50 mg/L和3.00 mg/L 4个不同亚硝酸氮的质量浓度作为胁迫组,并在此基础上加入副溶血弧菌设置为胁迫感染组,加入副溶血弧菌和噬菌体设置为...  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

16.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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