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1.
贻贝多糖具有免疫调节以及抗紫外等生理活性。本文研究贻贝多糖的吸湿性、保湿性和抗紫外活性,制备添加贻贝多糖的润肤霜。结果表明:低相对湿度(RH43%)条件下,贻贝多糖样品吸湿率和保湿率优于高湿度(RH81%)条件,高于聚乙二醇,低于甘油。低相对湿度(RH43%)条件下,贻贝多糖吸湿率可达18.19%;高相对湿度(RH81%)条件下,贻贝多糖吸湿率达到11.29%。贻贝多糖具有较好的抗紫外UVA和UVB的能力。制备的贻贝多糖润肤霜感官及理化指标符合QB/T 1857-2004,具有很好的离心稳定性。  相似文献   

2.
鲍鱼冷风干燥和自然晾晒试验的比较分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)在冷风干燥和自然晾晒两种干燥方式下的干燥速率、色泽、酸性粘多糖和总糖含量,以及微观结构变化的差异,并进行分析比较。在实验室内采用冷风干燥试验机和自然晾晒方式进行鲍鱼干燥试验。结果显示:当鲍鱼样品干基含水率从238%下降到16%以下时,冷风干燥所需时间约为122 h,是自然晾晒的70%;至干燥完成时冷风干燥鲍鱼多糖含量高于自然晾晒样品;冷风干燥样品通透性明显优于晾晒样品;两种干燥样品的微观结构差异性不明显。综合分析得出,与自然晾晒相比,冷风干燥方式具有干燥时间短,干燥过程易于控制,品质和卫生条件好,适合工业化生产等优点,是一种较佳的鲍鱼干制方法。  相似文献   

3.
研究了浒苔多糖样品经三氟乙酸完全水解而无损失的最适条件,并且在优化流动相洗脱程序等色谱条件的基础上,建立了1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法分析浒苔多糖的单糖组成及含量的方法。该方法采用配备紫外检测器的高效液相色谱仪,在250 nm波长下进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明,在此条件下,8种单糖能够良好分离,各单糖在1-100μg/ml范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数r≥0.999,回收率在76.0%-108%之间,相对标准偏差RSD10%。采用该方法对浒苔多糖样品进行组成及含量分析,发现无论样品原料为何种浒苔,浒苔多糖均以鼠李糖为主,同时还含有葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、木糖、半乳糖以及少量的甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸和岩藻糖。  相似文献   

4.
鲍鱼内脏的酸水解及其梅拉德反应产物分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以盘鲍(Haliotis discus)内脏为原料,采用酸水解的方法制备水解液,将该水解产物和葡萄糖进行梅拉德反应.采用HPLC和GC/MS法分别对水解液和梅拉德反应产物(MRPs)进行分析.结果表明,该鲍鱼内脏中含有16种氨基酸,其中包括人体必需的7种氨基酸;MRPs中含有8种成分,其中有3种致香成分.此外,对梅拉德反应液做了紫外分光光度分析,表明其有好的抗氧化性能和稳定性.  相似文献   

5.
虾夷扇贝内脏多糖的提取及清除羟基自由基作用的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过正交试验确定最佳提取条件为:温度50℃,pH 8.0,加酶量0.25%,料液比1∶45,提取时间2.5 h;最佳条件下提取的虾夷扇贝内脏多糖具有清除羟基自由基的能力。试验结果表明,6.5 mg/m l虾夷扇贝内脏多糖对羟基自由基的清除率可达84.75%。  相似文献   

6.
达式奎  石树奋 《水产学报》1983,7(4):313-324
本文介绍了小型洞道式热风干燥器加工调味马面鲀鱼片的干燥条件和试验结果。试验表明:干燥过程中鱼体的表面温度起着决定性的作用。就此本文提出了鱼体表面水分活度(Aw_?)的概念和计算方法,并对 Aw_? 在干燥速度、干燥程度和制品质量等方面所起作用进行了分析。当干燥介质的相对湿度(RH)为20%,30%,40%,50%时,Aw_? 则随干燥介质湿度(RH)作相对浮动。根据干燥介质温度(t_D),鱼体表面温度(t_?),湿球温度(t_M),以及它们相互之间的差值[(t_D-t_?),(t_?-t_M)]可测定和控制制品的干燥程度。作者认为,干燥过程初期,t_<38℃,干燥过程的中期和末期 t_?=38℃,风速(v)=3.3(m/s),RH 控制在40—50%,为较佳的干燥条件。在此条件下,干燥时间短,干品质量较好,而且国内现有热风干燥设备均可在此条件下进行常年生产,并可采用高回风率以节约能源。  相似文献   

7.
海洋生物普遍具有高蛋白质、高碳水化合物和低脂的特点,是多糖、多肽的丰富来源。其中,海洋多糖具有增强免疫、抗凝血、降脂、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降胆固醇和降糖等功能;而海洋多肽具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗高血压及抗病毒等功效。文章对海洋天然生物多糖和多肽的活性研究、单独提取工艺及分离纯化方法进行梳理,对陆生动植物联产制备技术进行归纳,进而对联产制备海洋生物多糖及海洋生物多肽的研究现状进行总结,发现已有的提取方法主要针对多糖或多肽的其中之一,海洋生物资源利用率不高,加强多糖多肽的联产制备工艺的研究,将更有助于海洋生物高值化进程。本研究可为深入推动海洋生物多糖多肽制备技术提供基础理论参考。[中国渔业质量与标准,2019,9(2):01-08]  相似文献   

8.
为了更方便高效和绿色环保处理水中的微囊藻毒素(MC-LR),采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了硫(S)掺杂的二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米光催化剂粉体(S-TiO2),利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及紫外可见光的反射光谱,分析测定了催化剂的结构特征,并以浓度为0.1μg/mL的MC-LR的光降解效果考察了其光催化活性,研究其光降解条件。结果表明,本实验制备的催化剂为锐钛矿结构,S以S+6的形式进入TiO2晶格。催化剂的最优制作工艺为:掺杂量([S]/[Ti])0.25,500℃下煅烧3h,且制备的S-TiO2具有较好的稳定性和回收性,重复利用5次,降解率仅下降3.98%;最优MC-LR可见光降解工艺为:光强3 000lx,催化剂投加量0.1g/L,反应时间16h。在此催化剂制备条件以及可见光降解反应条件下,MC-LR的降解率为100%,残留量低于WHO规定的藻毒素含量限值。  相似文献   

9.
甲壳低聚糖的特性研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
甲壳低聚糖(COS)具有优越的功能性质和生理活性,是国际上近年来发展的一种新型的低聚糖,有关甲壳低聚糖的一些特性的研究国内外未见报道。本文对这种低聚糖的带电性、热性质、吸湿保湿性、抑制淀粉老化等特性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)0.5%COS溶液当pH<9.7时,带正电荷。它的第一等当点是pH5.1,第二等当点是pH9.7;(2)DSC分析表明:COS的热分解温度范围为211~219℃,低于壳聚糖,COS的热稳定较壳聚糖差;(3)COS有优良的吸湿保湿性;(4)COS对淀粉老化具有显著的抑制作用。  相似文献   

10.
皱纹盘鲍内脏脂质分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对皱纹盘鲍内脏脂质进行了分析。采用Folch法提取内脏总脂,硅胶柱层析对中性脂及磷脂进行分离;TLC法对中性脂、磷脂不同组分进行分离与其主要组分的制备;10%硫酸—甲醇对样品进行甲酯化,通过气相色谱法对其进行脂肪酸分析比较。结果表明,皱纹盘鲍内脏中磷脂含量可达31.58%,不饱和脂肪酸在磷脂中含量显著高于中性脂中含量。磷脂中含有一定量的缩醛磷脂,磷酯酰乙醇胺(PE)中缩醛型磷脂含量可达50%。研究表明,皱纹盘鲍内脏中含有丰富的磷脂,多不饱和脂肪酸,并含有一定量的缩醛磷脂,具有较好的食用和药用价值,应得到充分利用。  相似文献   

11.
为了提高鮑资源的利用率,开发新型香精,以鲍蒸煮液美拉德反应产物为基料,感官评定为指标,在单因素及L_9(3~4)正交试验基础上,确立了口感和海鲜风味俱佳的鲍复合调味品最佳配方为:盐添加量35%、味精添加量40%、玉米淀粉添加量9%、鲍风味基料添加量为6%、白砂糖添加量4%、麦芽糊精添加量3%、呈味核苷酸二钠(I+G)添加量1.5%、酵母抽提物添加量1.5%。研究了不同的造粒方式和干燥方法对颗粒产品吸湿性、溶解性、流动性、质构特性及感官评定的影响;相关理化、性能指标为:完全溶解于90~100℃热水中的时间需要72 s,且分散良好、溶液微浑浊、无沉淀,鲜味足;堆密度为(0.61±0.01)g/cm~3,硬度为(3 642±122.198)g,吸湿性为(9.35±0.01)%,临界湿度值为60%,休止角为33.0°,总体可接受度为(7.81±0.12)分。研究结果表明,旋转造粒和流化床干燥的产品质量最佳,吸湿性比较小,溶解性、流动性和质地性都比较好,感官评分最高。  相似文献   

12.
SUMMARY: The seasonal changes in levels of chemical constituents in the muscle and viscera of small abalone Haliotis diversicolor fed gracilar and an artificial diet were investigated. Muscle yields were higher in winter and spring. In October specimens, total adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-related compounds (ARC), total free amino acids (FAA), and glycogen in both muscle and viscera decreased markedly. The artificial diet fed to small abalone had much higher glycogen in the muscle than those fed on gracilar, and showed a great seasonal change. Total amounts of ARC in the muscles were higher through March to July, while those in the viscera were maximal in January. Taurine, arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, and alanine were the major FAA in both tissues, accounting for 81–94% of the total FAA. Total amounts of FAA in the muscles were higher in the samples collected from winter and early spring than in other seasons. Glycine, glutamic acid, and adenosine monophosphate might be the most important taste components related to the palatability of small abalone. Their total amounts in the muscles of the two specimens were considerably high in December to March. This finding suggested that small abalone produced in winter and early spring might be more palatable.  相似文献   

13.
A fraction with molecular weight of 0.2–1.0 kDa was prepared from abalone viscera hydrolysate by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. The contents of protein, carbohydrate, and fat in abalone viscera were 45.75%, 18.19%, and 13.60%, respectively. The protein in abalone viscera hydrolysate faction (AVHF) reached up to 75.73%, while carbohydrate and fat fell to 1.80% and 0.20%, respectively. The leucine (Leu) content was the highest in the AVHF. On the other hand, the hydroxyl and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities and reducing power increased with increased concentration of AVHF. The inhibiting ability of AVHF on lipid peroxidation was higher than that of ascorbic acid. The total content of K, Na, and P in AVHF was 9.78 g/100 g, and total arsenic content reached 16.23 mg/kg. The proportion of arsenobetaine and arsenocholine accounted for more than 96%, while the proportion of arsenate was 0.47%, and arsenite was not detectable. It is concluded that the AVHF from abalone viscera is a safe natural antioxidant.  相似文献   

14.
2种壳色皱纹盘鲍营养成分的比较   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:16       下载免费PDF全文
对皱纹盘鲍 (HaliotisdiscushannaiIno) 2种壳色个体———红壳个体和绿壳个体的一般营养成分、矿物元素以及脂肪酸的组成和含量进行比较研究。结果表明 ,两者对应组织 (足肌、内脏、生殖腺 )中水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分的含量基本无差异 ;内脏灰分颜色均为红褐色 ,但足肌灰分颜色明显不同 ,绿壳个体呈灰白色而红壳个体则呈浅砖红色。矿物元素的分析结果进一步显示 ,足肌中除了Ca之外 ,所测元素的含量均以红壳个体为高 ,其中Fe、Cu、Mn的含量为绿壳个体的2~ 3倍 ;红壳个体贝壳中Mn的含量亦较高 ,约为绿壳个体的 2倍。两者上述对应组织的脂肪酸种类相同 ,含量基本一致。此外 ,粗脂肪、无机元素含量以及脂肪酸的组成和含量在不同组织之间存在较明显的差别  相似文献   

15.
利用PCR-DGGE和Illumina测序技术研究了罗非鱼(Oreochromisniloticus)肠道菌群结构及饲喂鲍内脏多糖后罗非鱼肠道菌群的动态变化。在罗非鱼肠道中检测到13个门的细菌,其中梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria,77.84%)为优势菌门,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes, 8.59%)、衣原体门(Chlamydiae, 6.18%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 5.84%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria, 1.20%)为次优势菌门,还检测到Saccharibacteria等8个菌门和一些未知类群。在属的水平上,优势菌属为鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)、Neochlamydia、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),分别占77.84%、5.796%、2.64%和1.13%,还有一个紫单胞菌科(Porphyromonadaceae)的未知属,占8.29%。此外还有分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)等6个菌属和一些未知属。投喂添加鲍多糖的饲料对罗非鱼肠道微生物的构成造成了明显影响,饲喂鲍多糖的处理组和饲喂普通饲料的对照组样品分别聚为两大类。投喂添加鲍多糖饲料后,放线菌门、Saccharibacteria、疣微菌门和TM6_Dependentiae的丰度显著下调;在属的水平上,邻单胞菌属、鲸杆菌属的丰度上调;Neochlamydia、不动杆菌属、分枝杆菌属、Alsobacter、Aquicella、假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、Alpinimonas等属的丰度下调。其中分枝杆菌属、Alsobacter、Aquicella和邻单胞菌属的丰度与对照差异显著(P0.05)。在种水平上,一些潜在致病菌,如鲍曼不动杆菌(Acinetobabacterbaumannii)、龟分枝杆菌(Mycobacteriumabscessus)、Aeromonas sharmana、耐酪酸冢村菌(Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens)、铜绿色假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)等的丰度下调,其中龟分枝杆菌和耐酪酸冢村菌与对照差异显著(P0.05),而鲸杆菌属等有益菌的丰度上调。本研究从肠道微生物的角度来研究鲍内脏多糖对宿主的影响,为海洋生物活性物质的功效评价提供了新思路,也为鲍内脏活性物质的开发利用、益生元的研制等奠定理论基础。  相似文献   

16.
The study aimed to investigate the effects of formic acid inclusion in abalone diets, which contained ingredients produced from fish processing by-products, and to quantify effects on production performance. Four diets (a commercial reference and iso-nutrient diets containing fish silage oil, unprocessed rainbow trout viscera or shrimp protein hydrolysate) were evaluated both with and without addition of 2 g kg?1 dietary formic acid, thus yielding a total of eight treatments, in feeding trials with cultured South African abalone Haliotis midae. Results indicated that inclusion of unprocessed rainbow trout viscera without formic acid decreased production performance of experimental animals, as evidenced by significantly decreased final animal weight and daily weight gain, and significantly increased feed conversion ratio compared to the iso-nutrient control. The decreased production performance was attributed to decreased feed water stability of the diet incorporating untreated trout viscera. Dietary formic acid supplementation partially mitigated the negative impacts of viscera inclusion on production performance of the experimental animals, as seen in significantly higher final animal weight and daily weight gain, and lower feed conversion ratio when compared to non-formic acid-supplemented, viscera-containing diet. However, no beneficial effects on production performance or water stability were found upon formic acid inclusion in diets not containing trout viscera. In conclusion, dietary formic acid can partially mitigate negative impacts on production performance when unprocessed trout viscera are included in formulated abalone diets by improving feed water stability, but the exact mechanism by which this is achieved was not established.  相似文献   

17.
The optimal dietary carbohydrate (C) : lipid (L) ratio on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus, was determined. A total of 1260 juveniles were randomly distributed into 18 containers. Six experimental diets containing different ratios of C to L (49:1, 48:2, 47:3, 45:5, 43:7, and 41:9) were prepared and referred to as the C49:L1, C48:L2, C47:L3, C45:L5, C43:L7, and C41:L9 diets, respectively. Water stability of the experimental diets was measured 12, 24, and 48 h after seawater immersion. Crude protein, L and ash content of the experimental diets decreased with time. Survival of abalone fed the C48:L2 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the C49:L1 and C41:L9 diets. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the C49:L1, C48:L2, and C47:L3 diets were higher than that of abalone fed the C45:L5, C43:L7, and C41:L9 diets. Crude L content of the soft body of abalone was directly reflected from dietary crude L content. In conclusion, the optimal dietary C : L ratio was estimated to be 48:2 and 47:3 based on survival, weight gain, and SGR of juvenile abalone, respectively. Greater than 3% L content in the diet deteriorated performance of this species of abalone.  相似文献   

18.
以鱼粉、豆粕为蛋白源,豆油、鱼油为脂肪源,配制9种不同蛋白能量水平的饲料,蛋白质3个水平(38%、43%、49%),每个蛋白水平设3个脂肪梯度(6%、10%、14%),其蛋白能量比为19.3~27.4mg/kJ。卵形鲳鲹初始质量为(25.02±0.16)g,每个处理设3个重复,每个网箱(1.5 m×1.0 m×2.0m)放养卵形鲳鲹苗20尾,养殖试验持续8周。结果显示,卵形鲳鲹特定生长率随饲料蛋白水平的升高而显著升高(P<0.05)。投喂含43%或49%蛋白质、6%脂肪饲料的卵形鲳鲹表现出较好的特定生长率。饲料中不同的脂肪水平未表现出蛋白质节约效应,较高的脂肪水平反而抑制了卵形鲳鲹的特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率。卵形鲳鲹鱼体蛋白和脂肪含量分别随饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平的上升而显著升高(P<0.05)。在该试验条件下,卵形鲳鲹幼鱼饲料中最适蛋白质、脂肪水平和蛋白能量比分别为43%、6%和24.4 mg/kJ。  相似文献   

19.
莆田市1993年开展鲍工厂化育苗与养殖工作,养殖规模达到50万粒,年育苗种100万粒,由于工厂化养殖投资高,养殖周期长,生产单位出现亏损,鲍养殖生产随后滑坡。1998年在南日岛开展皱纹盘鲍海区筏式吊养技术,取得了83.53%高的成活率,从而又推动鲍养殖的发展。但从2000年至今,鲍养殖过程中出现大量死亡现象,有的成活率仅为25%,给养殖者带来严重的损失。作者对死亡的原因进行分析,并对今后的发展提出了一些设想。  相似文献   

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