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1.
以全程摄食颗粒饲料、颗粒饲料+苏丹草和浮萍、苏丹草和浮萍三种不同养殖模式的草鱼(初始体重为0.25~0.30 g;终末体重为50~100 g)为实验对象,对其血液生化指标、肝胰脏指数、肝胰脏脂肪含量、肝胰脏组织学结构、肝胰脏超微结构等指标进行了测定与观察。结果表明:摄食饲料+苏丹草和浮萍组的草鱼肝脏组织、细胞结构均较为正常,血清中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性最低,白蛋白含量及碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性最高;单独摄食苏丹草和浮萍组的草鱼肝脏组织和细胞形态正常,但白蛋白含量较低,个体消瘦;单独摄食饲料组的草鱼,脂肪在肝脏细胞中大量蓄积,致使肝脏细胞坏死,肝脏功能下降。  相似文献   

2.
正四、各家观点从解剖和病理切片来看,"白便"是从肝胰脏病变开始的,是肝胰脏和肠道病变后脱落的上皮细胞和增生细胞形成的,不是食物消化后形成的粪便。"白便"的主要成分为肝胰脏排出的病变组织、黏液和毒液,肠道脱落的黏膜以及一些正常的粪便成分,而非人们常规认为的虾粪便。众所周知,虾的肝胰腺(中肠腺)具有解毒、消化、免疫调节等功能,是对虾体内最大最重要的内脏器官,对虾大多数疾病都和肝胰腺有关。  相似文献   

3.
采用解剖和组织切片技术,对工厂化养殖条件下全程投喂人工配合饲料的豹纹鳃棘鲈(Plectropomus leopardus)消化系统形态学和组织学进行研究。豹纹鳃棘鲈的消化道由食道、胃、幽门盲囊和肠道构成,消化道管壁由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层组成。食道短而粗,粘膜层向内腔突起形成纵行褶皱,上皮表层排列有杯状细胞。胃部膨大,为"Y"形,未见有杯状细胞,食道与胃的肌层均发达。幽门盲囊有3条,组织学结构与小肠相似。肠道在腹腔内呈"Z"形排列,比肠长为0.72±0.04,肠粘膜层向腔内突起形成发达的褶皱,多数形成二级褶皱,肠道各段均分布有杯状细胞。消化腺由肝胰脏和胆囊组成,肝脏分三叶,胰腺在肝脏内呈弥散性分布,胆囊呈长条状。本研究讨论了工厂化养殖条件下豹纹鳃棘鲈消化系统组织学特征与消化、吸收的关系,认为豹纹鳃棘鲈消化系统具备典型肉食性鱼类消化系统特征。  相似文献   

4.
通过组织学方法对施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)的胰腺在体内分布进行了研究。结果表明,施氏鲟的胰腺弥散分布于肝内、肠道及胃的周围,以肠道周围分布最多;另外脾脏内也有胰腺分布。肝脏前部无胰腺分布,中部分布较多,后部分布较少。  相似文献   

5.
本研究利用组织切片和扫描电镜技术,观察和研究了2~30日龄大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)仔鱼消化系统的发育过程及组织学变化。结果显示,在水温为(23±1)℃条件下,0~4日龄仔鱼消化道初步分化,为内源性营养期;4~6日龄仔鱼消化道逐渐分化形成食道、胃和肠,胃和肠黏膜褶形成,肝胰脏细胞团出现,仔鱼具备基本摄食能力,进入混合性营养期;10~16日仔鱼消化道和消化腺结构分明,胃、幽门盲囊、肠道紧密排列,肝脏和胰脏独立,进入外源性营养期,此阶段后可逐步转食人工配合饲料。20~30日仔鱼胃腺发达,胃和肠道出现次级黏膜褶,幽门盲囊黏膜褶显著增多、增长,肝脏逐渐出现脂肪积累区,胰脏可见酶原分泌颗粒,肝胰脏组织结构近似成鱼。扫描电镜显示,30日仔鱼胃部内表皮具有丰富的网状黏膜褶,胃小凹间分布着密集的分泌孔;幽门盲囊和肠道内表面结构相似,无固定形态的黏膜褶上布满黏液细胞和分泌孔。20日龄后仔鱼具备转食人工配合饲料的能力。此外,在仔鱼开口和转食人工配合饲料过程中,部分死亡个体的胃肠组织表现出腔体扩大或皱缩,内表皮无成型的黏膜褶或黏膜层脱落,胃和肠道组织损伤。本研究可为大口黑鲈仔鱼开口和转食人工配合饲料条件的优化提供组织学基础资料。  相似文献   

6.
为了解斑鳠(Mystus guttatus)消化系统组织结构特征,采用形态解剖和组织学方法对斑鳠消化系统进行研究。结果表明,斑鳠为一种杂食性偏肉食性鱼类,解剖观察其消化道结构包括口咽腔、食道、胃、肠及肛门,肝脏和胰脏为其主要的外消化腺。组织学观察发现口咽腔上皮组织中有较为丰富味蕾和黏液细胞;食道粗而短,肌层发达,且含有丰富的黏液细胞;胃贲门部和盲囊部,体壁较厚,胃壁内侧有丰富的黏膜褶皱,黏膜层为单层柱状上皮,分布大量的分泌胃酸和胃蛋白酶原的管状腺体,胃幽门部内层为环肌层,外层为纵肌层;斑鳠肠道系数为(0.89±0.11),肠道分为前肠、中肠和后肠三部分,肠腔内有丰富黏膜褶皱,褶皱高度从前向后逐渐降低。肠黏膜上皮肠粘膜表层为单层柱状上皮,在黏膜上皮分布大量的黏液细胞。肝脏与胰脏分离,肝脏分为两叶,胰脏弥散分布于肠系膜上。斑鳠消化系统结构特征与其喜好摄食甲壳类动物密切相关。  相似文献   

7.
采用活体解剖、测量、组织学、组织化学等方法,对采自江西宜春锦河的51尾刺鲃(Spinibarbus caldwelli)幼鱼消化系统组织和形态学进行了研究。结果表明:(1)刺鲃消化腺包括胆囊、肝脏和胰脏,消化道包括口咽腔、食道、肠和肛门,无胃;(2)口亚下位,口咽腔占头长比例很大,均值为0.92;口裂长/吻长均值为0.86。口咽腔上皮为复层鳞状上皮,含有大量的黏液分泌细胞和味蕾结构;(3)食道粗短,前段有味蕾,内壁有较深的纵向褶皱;肌层发达,内外肌层间分布有发达的有髓鞘神经纤维丛;黏膜下层有发达的黏膜肌,黏膜层内有大量的杯状细胞、黏液分泌细胞,还有柱状上皮区域,游离面具有纹状缘;(4)肠盘曲7次,分为前肠、中肠和后肠,前肠和中后肠黏膜皱褶数量、黏膜皱褶高度、柱状上皮细胞高度显著减少(P0.05);肠道各段肌层厚度有极显著差异(P0.01);杯状细胞的数量从前肠往后肠呈高-低-高趋势,后肠数量最多,前后肠与中肠有显著差异(P0.05);肠道系数为(2.07±0.03);(5)食道及肠道各段粘膜上皮中下层发现数量较多嗜伊红颗粒细胞;(6)肝不分页,为长条形,胆囊被肝包围,比肝胰脏重(1.37±0.06)%。胰脏散布于肝脏、胆囊及消化管系膜周围,少量组织分布于肝门静脉周围形成肝胰脏;数个大小不一的独立Brockmann小体散布在食管及前肠连接部周围;(7)肠长(Y)与全长(L)的关系呈线性相关:Y=2.1048L-0.474(R2=0.669,F1,49=99.05,P0.01),锦河刺鲃幼鱼肠道特征为杂食性偏植食性。  相似文献   

8.
通过形态解剖和显微技术对大鳍异(Creteuchiloglanis macropterus)消化系统的形态学和组织学进行了观察研究。结果显示,大鳍异消化系统具有以下特征:口下位,口咽腔大,颌齿发达,鳃耙稀疏;食道粗短,肌层发达,黏膜层具有大量杯状细胞;U型胃,包括贲门部、盲囊部和幽门部,具胃腺;肠道系数为0.93±0.11,肠长与体长呈显著线性关系,肠分为前肠、中肠和后肠,肠腔内有密集的肠绒毛;肝脏与胰脏分离,肝脏分为两叶,具有"腹腔外肝",胰脏弥散分布于前肠和中肠周围。  相似文献   

9.
采用形态观察与连续组织切片技术,观察和研究了哲罗鱼(Hucho tai men)肝脏和胰脏在胚胎期(水温7~8℃)和胚后期(水温3~14℃)的发育。结果表明,与大多数硬骨鱼类不同,哲罗鱼的肝脏是在破膜前就开始发生、发育,而胰脏是在破膜后出现,以后逐渐发育完善。受精18 d肝原基细胞出现,破膜8 d,胰细胞出现,破膜8 d肝后部开始贮存脂质,破膜18 d后肝前部开始积累脂质,肝脏发育与卵黄囊有密切的关系。肝脏和胰脏为相互分开的独立器官,具有丰富的肝、胰管。  相似文献   

10.
通过形态解剖和显微技术对大鳍异(Creteuchiloglanis macropterus)消化系统的形态学和组织学进行了观察研究。结果显示,大鳍异消化系统具有以下特征:口下位,口咽腔大,颌齿发达,鳃耙稀疏;食道粗短,肌层发达,黏膜层具有大量杯状细胞; U 型胃,包括贲门部、盲囊部和幽门部,具胃腺;肠道系数为0.93±0.11,肠长与体长呈显著线性关系,肠分为前肠、中肠和后肠,肠腔内有密集的肠绒毛;肝脏与胰脏分离,肝脏分为两叶,具有“腹腔外肝”,胰脏弥散分布于前肠和中肠周围。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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