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石斑鱼类养殖技术体系的创建和石斑鱼养殖产业持续发展的思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
石斑鱼是驰名世界的名贵海产鱼类,是中国南方沿海广东、海南、福建、广西等海水养殖业的主要对象,经济价值巨大。中国石斑鱼类养殖兴起于20世纪80、90年代;进入21世纪,中山大学的研究团队围绕石斑鱼苗种繁育和养殖产业化的理论和技术进行了一系列研究,对其生殖调控、生长发育、营养需求、病害防治、种质分析、养殖技术和养殖模式等方面进行集成创新,建立苗种繁育和成鱼养殖各个环节的技术规范和管理措施,实现了石斑鱼苗种规模化繁育和自养自足,从而带动石斑鱼养殖产业发展到相当的规模。石斑鱼类养殖产业化持续健康发展的总体思路是:以建设资源高效利用、改善生态环境、产品优质安全的现代渔业基本内涵为目标,改革和提升传统养殖技术和养殖模式,转变产业发展方式,不断优化和提升产业链上的各项技术,包括:(1)优化苗种人工繁育技术,提高苗种成活率和苗种质量;(2)培育抗逆、抗病、优质、高产的优良品种;(3)配制高效、优质的人工配合饲料;(4)建立病害检测和防控新技术和研制主要疾病的特异性疫苗;(5)建立高效、低碳、节能的养殖技术,因地制宜地采用先进的养殖模式;(6)加强石斑鱼类的生物学基础研究以及生物科学和工程技术的交叉融合、协同发展,为石斑鱼养殖产业的技术创新和集约化与工程化奠定基础。 相似文献
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石斑鱼是我国南方海水养殖的主要种类之一,而大部分石斑鱼种类均为暖水性鱼类,养殖水温要求在15℃以上,限制了石斑鱼在北方的发展。七带石斑鱼是唯一一种可以在较低温下生活,被人们称为“冷水石斑”,适合在北方养殖,如今已成为中、日、韩三国海水鱼类繁育研究的热点。由于七带石斑鱼人工繁殖和苗种培育过程中有许多制约条件,其人工繁育仍未达到稳定大批量生产的规模。主要问题有以下几个:①雄性亲鱼难获得,数量较少,限制了苗种的大量繁育;②初孵仔鱼的个体弱小、口径小,对开口饵料要求严格,适口饵料极少;③稚鱼期鱼苗互相残杀极其严重,出现大鱼吃小鱼的现象。此外,还有卵质不良,仔稚幼鱼疾病等难题。本文简要概述了国内外七带石斑鱼繁殖生物学与人工繁育研究进展情况,并对其养殖过程中出现的问题进行探讨和总结,为今后开展七带石斑鱼规模化人工养殖研究提供参考。 相似文献
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石斑鱼养殖研究的现状及面临的问题 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
石斑鱼隶属下石斑鱼属,科,石斑鱼亚科,石斑鱼属种类较多,据记载,有41种,其中目前可养的种类的6种,石斑鱼肉味鲜美,是一种经济价值很高的食用鱼类,目前国内外十分重视石斑鱼养殖及生物学技术的研究,科威特,印度尼西亚,马来西亚,泰国,中国,日本墨西哥以及香港,台湾等国家和地区均在开展石斑鱼养殖研究,特别是东南亚渔业开发中心对石斑鱼养殖及其生物学研究取得较大进展,现将进展作扼要的概述。 相似文献
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Andrea Sáenz–Arroyo Callum M. Roberts Jorge Torre & Micheline Cariño-Olvera 《Fish and Fisheries》2005,6(2):121-133
Designing fishing policies without knowledge of past levels of target species abundance is a dangerous omission for fisheries management. However, as fisheries monitoring started long after exploitation of many species began, this is a difficult issue to address. Here we show how the ‘shifting baseline’ syndrome can affect the stock assessment of a vulnerable species by masking real population trends and thereby put marine animals at serious risk. Current fishery data suggest that landings of the large Gulf grouper (Mycteroperca jordani, Serranidae) are increasing in the Gulf of California. However, reviews of historical evidence, naturalists’ observations and a systematic documentation of fishers’ perceptions of trends in the abundance of this species indicate that it has dramatically declined. The heyday for the Gulf grouper fishery occurred prior to the 1970s, after which abundance dropped rapidly, probably falling to a few percent of former numbers. This decline happened long before fishery statistics were formally developed. We use the case of the Gulf grouper to illustrate how other vulnerable tropical and semi‐tropical fish and shellfish species around the world may be facing the same fate as the Gulf grouper. In accordance with other recent studies, we recommend using historical tools as part of a broad data‐gathering approach to assess the conservation status of marine species that are vulnerable to over‐exploitation. 相似文献
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鞍带石斑鱼作为最大型的石斑鱼,生长速度快,有明显的生长优势,在石斑鱼的产业发展中起到举足轻重的作用。为了解人工养殖和选育活动对鞍带石斑鱼遗传多样性的影响,本文采用微卫星分子标记技术,对广东、海南和福建三个省份共五个代表性采集点的鞍带石斑鱼繁育群体的遗传变异信息进行了研究。群体内遗传多样性分析显示,5个群体等位基因(Na)的平均数目为7.326(6.375-8.380),观测杂合度(Ho)平均值为0.711(0.625-0.775),期望杂合度(He)平均值为0.705(0.684-0.734),多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.659(0.633-0.693)。其中,来自福建厦门翔安区的鞍带石斑鱼繁育群体遗传多样性最高。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,5.36%的遗传变异来自群体间,95.45%来自所有个体间。群体间遗传分化指数(Fst)及遗传距离结果显示,GC和CP群体聚为一支,再与AT群体聚为一支,再与XA群体距为一支,HL群体为独立一支。通过系统进化树分析显示,鞍带石斑鱼繁育群体交叉在一起,没有形成明显的地理格局分布。总而言之,这三省五地的鞍带石斑鱼繁育群体遗传多样性较高,没有明显的驯化迹象。整体研究表明,鞍带石斑鱼繁育群体仍具有较高的遗传多样性,品种受亲本近交影响而出现衰退的可能性不高,人工繁育技术的不完善及养殖管理不规范可能是导致品种病害频发及养殖成活率低的原因。本研究为鞍带石斑鱼种质评价和人工选育提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Determination of the sex and gonadal maturity of fish is necessary for successful commercial aquaculture operations. Sex identification
is problematic in grouper fish, because they change sex at certain ages or sizes. Here we represent an accurate and reliable
method for sex determination of the live grouper, using 5–10 mg gonadal tissue samples, harvested using non-lethal gonadal
biopsy. Sex and sexual maturity of biopsied individuals were determined using standard histological method. All biopsied fish
survived and there were no serious infections resulting from the surgery. Therefore, this biopsy technique is a simple and
cost-effective tool for grouper fishery management. 相似文献
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Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson Matthew T Craig Kent E Carpenter William W L Cheung John H Choat Andrew S Cornish Sean T Fennessy Beatrice P Ferreira Philip C Heemstra Min Liu Robert F Myers David A Pollard Kevin L Rhodes Luiz A Rocha Barry C Russell Melita A Samoilys Jonnell Sanciangco 《Fish and Fisheries》2013,14(2):119-136
Groupers are a valuable fishery resource of reef ecosystems and are among those species most vulnerable to fishing pressure because of life history characteristics including longevity, late sexual maturation and aggregation spawning. Despite their economic importance, few grouper fisheries are regularly monitored or managed at the species level, and many are reported to be undergoing declines. To identify major threats to groupers, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria were applied to all 163 species. Red List assessments show that 20 species (12%) risk extinction if current trends continue, and an additional 22 species (13%) are considered to be Near Threatened. The Caribbean Sea, coastal Brazil and Southeast Asia contain a disproportionate number of Threatened species, while numerous poorly documented and Near Threatened species occur in many regions. In all, 30% of all species are considered to be Data Deficient. Given that the major threat is overfishing, accompanied by a general absence and/or poor application of fishery management, the prognosis for restoration and successful conservation of Threatened species is poor. We believe that few refuges remain for recovery and that key biological processes (e.g. spawning aggregations) continue to be compromised by uncontrolled fishing. Mariculture, through hatchery‐rearing, increases production of a few species and contributes to satisfying high market demand, but many such operations depend heavily on wild‐caught juveniles with resultant growth and recruitment overfishing. Better management of fishing and other conservation efforts are urgently needed, and we provide examples of possible actions and constraints. 相似文献
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