首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
为了解甘肃地区养殖鲑鳟鱼的营养价值与鲜美程度,采用常规营养测试方法测定虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、金鳟(golden Oncorhynchus mykiss)、亚东鲑(Salmo trutta fario)及七彩鲑(Salvelinus fontinalis)四种商品鱼(体质量835.72~989.12 g)的肌肉营养成分。结果显示:鱼肌肉(鲜样)中水分的质量分数为70.80%~75.00%、粗蛋白18.40%~19.20%、粗脂肪4.00%~10.10%和粗灰分1.20%,除粗灰分含量外各组间差异显著,金鳟是典型高蛋白高脂肪品种。共检测出18种氨基酸,其中人体必需的8种氨基酸总量为7.69%~8.43%(干样,下同);4种鲑鳟鱼肌肉中必需氨基酸组成均与FAO/WHO要求一致,必需氨基酸指数为84.40~86.56;限制性氨基酸一致为色氨酸,4种鲜味氨基酸总质量分数为38.52%~39.25%,各组间差异显著,从各种氨基酸分析得出亚东鲑是相对组成最理想的品种。肌肉中脂肪酸含量丰富(21~23种),多不饱和脂肪酸含量达1.80%~4.83%,其中DHA+EPA含量为0.39%~0.90%,各组间差异显著,但虹鳟保健价值更有优势。9种常见的矿物元素被检测出,各组间差异显著,其中七彩鲑矿物元素相对较高,生理功效突出。研究表明4种养殖鲑鳟鱼营养价值均较高。  相似文献   

2.
金鳟的生物学特性及养殖   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
金鳟 (Oncorhynchus mykiss)是日本长野县水产试验场从虹鳟鱼群体中发现的身体呈金黄色的突变品系。 1996年 12月黑龙江水产研究所从日本引进同型结合纯系发眼卵 1万粒。经 3年多的试验养殖从发眼卵至亲鱼育成及人工繁殖均取得了成功。证明我国的冷水资源适于金鳟养殖,金鳟将成为我国养鳟业的重要养殖新品种。金鳟与虹鳟是同一种鱼类,引进后取名金鳟。   一、生物学特性   金鳟属鲑科鲑属鱼类。同型结合纯系金鳟发眼卵粒径 4.0~ 6.0毫米,因卵内有一直径约 1.5~ 2.5毫米的玫瑰红色油球而呈鲜艳的红色。金鳟体型与虹鳟相似,周身…  相似文献   

3.
正硬头鳟(steelhead,salmon gairdneri)拉丁名为Oncorhynchus mykiss,属鲑形目(Salmoniformes)、鲑科(Salmonidae)、太平洋鲑属(Oncorhynchus),原产于美国阿拉斯加的kuskokwin河和加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的和平河等水域,属冷水性鱼类。硬头蹲和虹鳟同为一种,虹鳟为陆封型,硬头鳟为洄游型(广盐性),后经过驯化改  相似文献   

4.
<正>硬头鳟(steelhead,salmon gairdneri)拉丁名为Oncorhynchus mykiss,属鲑形目(Salmoniformes)、鲑科(Salmonidae)、太平洋鲑属(Oncorhynchus),原产于美国阿拉斯加的kuskokwin河和加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的和平河等水域,属于冷水性鱼类。硬头蹲和虹鳟同为一种,虹鳟  相似文献   

5.
正钢头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss,Domsea Steelhead trout)俗称钢头三文鱼、钢头鲑、钢头鱼、极品三文鱼等,是鲑科鱼类的一种,属于硬骨鱼纲(Osteichthyes),鲱形目(Clupeiformes),鲑亚目(Salmonoidei),鲑科(Salmonidae),鲑亚科(Salmoninae),太平洋鲑属(Oncorhynchus)。钢头鳟与虹  相似文献   

6.
虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)属鲑形目、鲑科,是重要的冷水性养殖鱼类,三倍体虹鳟以其不育或育性不良、肉质提升和生长周期缩短等特点得到养殖者的喜爱。尽管国内多地已经进行了三倍体虹鳟制种的研究,但效果并不理想,目前三倍体虹鳟苗种主要依靠国外进口。本文拟对三倍体人工诱导和倍性鉴定两个方面进行总结,以利于更有效地进行三倍体虹鳟规模制种。  相似文献   

7.
山泉水人工养殖金鳟肌肉营养成分分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)在贵州省山泉水养殖条件下的营养特点,采用生化方法测定了山泉水养殖金鳟肌肉中营养成分。结果显示:金鳟含肉率为79.60%,肌肉中水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分含量分别为75.45%、20.30%、2.61%、1.08%。肌肉中所测到的18种氨基酸总量为63.76%,其中8种必需氨基酸占26.07%,非必需氨基酸占37.69%,鲜味氨基酸占23.39%。肌肉中含有25种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸占20.83%,单不饱和脂肪酸占31.25%,多不饱和脂肪酸占47.92%。矿质元素中常量元素以钾和磷较高,分别为19 030.00 mg/kg和8 913.00 mg/kg;微量元素以铁和锌含量较高,分别为35.03 mg/kg和12.31 mg/kg。结果表明:与甘肃省养殖金鳟相比,贵州省山泉水养殖金鳟肌肉中肌肉的含肉率和常规营养成分含量与其相当,必需氨基酸总量/氨基酸总量(∑EAA/∑TAA)和必需氨基酸总量/非必须氨基酸总量(∑EAA/∑NEAA)均低于甘肃省养殖金鳟,但符合WHO/FAO提出的参考蛋白模式,且贵州省山泉水养殖金鳟肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸含量和微量元素含量均高于甘肃省养殖金鳟,说明山泉水养殖下的金鳟肌肉具有更好的营养价值。  相似文献   

8.
在水温(13±1)℃下,将体质量(98.6±5.3)g的金鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss饲养在循环水系统中,投喂在基础饲料中分别添加0.5%、1%和2%的复合免疫增强剂,1周、2周、3周和4周后测定血清中溶菌酶(LYS)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性及补体C3的含量。投喂4周后,每尾鱼注射0.2mL浓度为3×10~8cfu/mL的杀鲑气单胞菌Aeromonas salmonicida,统计各组金鳟14d内的免疫保护率。结果显示:金鳟血清中LYS和SOD的活性及补体C3含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,投喂2周后达到最高值,显著高于对照组(P0.05);人工感染杀鲑气单胞菌后3个实验组14d内的死亡率显著低于对照组,表明该复合免疫增强剂能显著提高金鳟对细菌病的抵抗力。  相似文献   

9.
山女鳟、金鳟、白点鲑发眼卵国际长途托运试验   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
山女鳟(Oncorhynchus masou)、金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、白点鲑(Salvelinus leucomaenisf pluvius)发眼卵3.9万粒,采用托运方式从日本国运抵我国黑龙江省。运程3990公里。从日本NIIGATA县起动的山女鳟和金鳟,运输时间分别为46和64小时,到达当日死卵拣出率分别为0.8%和2.8%,第7天分别为1.6%和4.3%。从东京水产大学大泉实验实习场起运的白点鲑和山女鳟、运输时间93小时,其中22个小时非正常滞留在机场暖库里,运卵箱内温度上升到12.5℃,运到当日死卵拣出率分别为4.2%和42%,第7天率拣出率分别为7.7%和52.3%。  相似文献   

10.
金鳟(Bidyanus bidyanus)隶属鲑科,鳟属,又名甘脂鱼、黑珍珠石斑。金鳟是虹鳟的变种,体形与虹鳟相同,是日本长野县水产试验场从虹鳟突变种选育出的性状稳定的金黄体色新品系。金鳟全身终生呈金黄色或黄色,腹部色泽稍浅,故此得名金鳟。该鱼适应性强,耐寒、耐热性及抗病力也较一般养殖  相似文献   

11.
Cyp19a1b、Cyp11a1、Cyp11b2、Cyp17a1、Hsd3b1等细胞色素相关基因能够调节硬骨鱼类性类固醇的合成,对性腺发育和性别决定产生影响。本研究以全雌三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)为研究对象,正常雌性二倍体虹鳟为对照,选取31~68 dpf(days post fertilization)时间段的虹鳟仔鱼脑组织,采用q RT-PCR和酶联免疫的方法研究以上几种基因的表达状况和脑芳香化酶的活性变化,以期探明导致三倍体雌性虹鳟性腺发育异常的关键原因。q RTPCR结果显示,二倍体中Cyp19a1b在30~50 dpf时表达量上调并且维持在较稳定水平,但50~56 dpf时表达量逐渐下调,之后56~68 dpf表达量持续上调;三倍体中Cyp19a1b表达量在30~35 dpf开始上调,35~47 dpf逐渐下调,47~55 dpf开始第二次上调,之后维持在较稳定水平直至68 dpf,但三倍体Cyp19a1b的表达量显著(P0.05)低于同期二倍体的。二倍体Cyp11a1表达量在34 dpf出现峰值,三倍体Cyp11a1在38 dpf时出现峰值。二倍体Hsd3b1表达量在33~42 dpf时维持在较高水平,在38 dpf时出现高峰;三倍体Hsd3b1表达量在47~59 dpf时较高,在49 dpf出现高峰。二倍体中Cyp11b2在37 dpf出现峰值,之后开始下调;三倍体在40 dpf出现峰值,之后逐渐下调,但三倍体Cyp11b2表达量显著低于同期二倍体。二倍体Cyp17a1的表达量在35~46 dpf时逐渐上升,在45 dpf时达到高峰之后直至69 dpf逐渐下降,并且维持在较为平稳的水平上;但是在相同的实验条件下未检测到同一时期三倍体Cyp17a1的表达量。酶联免疫结果显示,在40 dpf时二者的脑芳香化酶活性到达高峰,但在40~60 dpf时期,二倍体虹鳟脑芳香化酶活性显著(P0.05)高于三倍体虹鳟,尤其在45~50 dpf时,该酶活性分别较三倍体的高1.15倍和1.12倍。以上结果表明三倍体虹鳟早期性腺发育迟缓的原因之一是Cyp19a1b、Cyp11a1、Cyp11b2、Cyp17a1、Hsd3b1等基因的表达晚于二倍体,且表达量低于二倍体,造成雌二醇不能正常合成,最终导致性腺发育迟缓。  相似文献   

12.
本研究旨在对国内虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)代表性养殖群体开展全基因组水平的遗传评估。利用57K单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)芯片,检测了来自不同地域的6个虹鳟养殖群体样本共计48尾,包括黑龙江虹鳟、黑龙江金鳟、四川虹鳟、四川金鳟、北京虹鳟和北京金鳟,共获得有效SNP位点50201个,在中国虹鳟中的多态比例达到97.7%,表明该芯片虽然基于美国和挪威虹鳟群体设计,但对中国群体同样具有良好的适用性。各群体最小等位基因频率均值为0.240~0.267,与国外主流养殖群体相近,黑龙江虹鳟、四川虹鳟和北京虹鳟群体内遗传多样性丰富,多态位点比例为83.6%~84.9%,与国外主流养殖群体相近,而黑龙江金鳟、四川金鳟和北京金鳟,多态位点比例相对较低,在60.2%~76.9%范围内。应用6个中国虹鳟群体和2个美国虹鳟群体数据开展系统发育分析、主成分分析和群体遗传结构STRUCTURE分析,结果显示8个群体可分为3个祖源类群,其中3个金鳟群体为遗传联系较紧密的一个类群,黑龙江虹鳟和北京虹鳟为一个类群,而四川虹鳟与2个美国虹鳟群体为一个类群,部分中国养殖群体中有显著离群个体存在,表明群体遗传背景不均一。本研究表明,高密度SNP芯片在我国虹鳟养殖群体遗传分析中具有广泛的应用前景,能够为种质资源评估、本土化良种培育、制种和引种工作提供基因组水平的参考信息。  相似文献   

13.
Growth rates of Atlantic salmon, pink salmon, Arctic char, sea trout and rainbow trout were compared under Norwegian farming conditions. During the juvenile, freshwater period, growth was fastest in pink salmon, followed by rainbow trout and Arctic char. Freshwater growth of sea trout and, especially, Atlantic salmon, was slow. After transfer of smolts or fingerling to sea water, Arctic char failed to survive the autumn. Sea water growth of sea trout was slow, but the three species, rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon and pink salmon, all grew rapidly through all seasons. When in sea water, rainbow trout and pink salmon were regularly attacked by vibriosis, while Atlantic salmon were rarely attacked, and sea trout never. It is concluded that, for commercial farming in Norway, rainbow trout are of value for production of fish of any size up to 3–4 kg, and pink salmon for production of small fish of 0.5–1.5 kg. Atlantic salmon is the only species suitable for production of a very large salmonid, i.e., more than 4–5 kg.  相似文献   

14.
Escape of salmon from sea cages is a problem that continues to plague the aquaculture industry. Data collected during the past 15 years from Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Canada and U.S. suggest significant impacts on natural runs of fish and economic losses to producers. The present report investigated the feasibility of using acoustic conditioning as a means of recalling/recapturing escaped fish. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were found to respond to frequencies in the range of 50 - 400 Hz equally well. Subsequently, both species were conditioned to a 250 Hz acoustic tone during feeding. Juvenile and sub-adult fish readily conditioned to the acoustic signal within four days, with the maximum number of fish responding (85% salmon, 96% trout) by day seven. To assess retention of conditioning, fish were exposed to a single tone without feed reinforcement every one, two or four weeks. Salmon and trout continued to respond for a seven month period with no significant decrease (88% salmon, 97% trout) in response. No significant differences were observed in the response of either species to tones differing in frequency by up to 200 Hz (89% salmon, 96% trout) and intensity by 20 dB (91% salmon, 96% trout). Both species were reproducibly recalled to a cage or feeding ring in a 3.7 m tank, but were reluctant to re-enter the cage. The findings indicate that salmon and trout are readily conditioned to acoustic signals and retain that conditioning for an extended period of time without reinforcement. These characteristics suggest that acoustic conditioning has potential as a means to recall escaped salmon and when coupled with recapture, can reduce interactions with wild stocks and losses to the producer.  相似文献   

15.
The variation in semen production among farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) has been studied. Both species were stripped at weekly intervals, the Atlantic salmon four times and the rainbow trout three times.The individual variation in volume of semen was very high, particularly in rainbow trout. The total volume of semen obtained was 137 ml (20 ml/kg body weight) in Atlantic salmon and 23 ml (5 ml/kg body weight) in rainbow trout. The intraclass correlation for volume of semen was estimated at 0.73 in Atlantic salmon and at 0.59 in rainbow trout. The correlations between volume of semen and body size (weight and length) were all positive. They were all significant and medium in Atlantic salmon whereas in rainbow trout they were all low and significant only for volume of semen at first stripping.The number of males needed to supply the Norwegian fish farming industry with semen is discussed. It is concluded that the possibility of disseminating genetic improvement throughout the whole population of farmed Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout by transport of semen from selected males is considerable.  相似文献   

16.
Methemoglobin is hemoglobin containing ferric iron. Methemoglobin cannot bind to oxygen and at high concentrations causes tissue hypoxia. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) develop significantly greater methemoglobinemia than Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) or rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following general anesthesia with benzocaine or tricaine methanesulfonate. The objective of this study was to compare the activity of the major methemoglobin reducing enzyme, NADH-dependent cytochrome b5 reductase (CB5R), in brook trout erythrocytes to the activity of CB5R in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout erythrocytes. Methemoglobin levels were compared using co-oximetry following in vitro incubation of erythrocytes with sodium nitrite (NaNO2). The CB5R activity was measured using a ferricyanide assay. There was significantly greater methemoglobin at time 0 in brook trout erythrocytes than in rainbow trout or Atlantic salmon erythrocytes (2.79 ± 0.29 %, 2.19 ± 0.23 %, 2.08 ± 0.14 %), (P < 0.001). There was significantly greater methemoglobin induction by NaNO2 in brook trout erythrocytes (33.14 ± 3.32 %) than in rainbow trout or Atlantic salmon erythrocytes (28.73 ± 2.92 % and 24.85 ± 1.40 %, respectively), (P < 0.001). The CB5R activity was significantly less in brook trout erythrocytes (median of 3.05 μmol/min/μl) than in rainbow trout erythrocytes (median of 6.73 μmol/min/μl). The CB5R activity in Atlantic salmon erythrocytes (median 4.09 μmol/min/μl) was not significantly different than in brook or rainbow trout erythrocytes. Total methemoglobin at any one time is a balance between induction by oxidants and reduction by antioxidants. Lower CB5R activity in brook trout erythrocytes may contribute to a species-specific sensitivity to methemoglobin induction; however, there are likely additional factors.  相似文献   

17.
Plasma levels of insulin in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar, and Pacific coho salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutch and plasma circulating levels of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide, in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, were measured by homologous radioimmunoassays. Hormonal levels were compared against the average body weight of the same group of fish. Plasma insulin levels were significantly correlated (r=0.56, 0.46 and 0.42 respectively) with body weight in all three salmonid species. Moreover, rainbow trout from fast-growing families had significantly higher (p<0.005) plasma insulin levels than did fish from slow-growing families. Plasma titres of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide were always lower than insulin titres and did not correlate with body weight.Reported in part at Satellite Symposium on Applications of Comparative Endocrinology to Fish Culture, Almunecar, Spain (Sundby, 1989).  相似文献   

18.
The present study evaluates if abdominal dis-tension caused by a water-filled stomach in seawater farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., could be provoked experimentally by live chilling in sea water (0.5 °C). Fifty rainbow trout and 50 salmon were visually classified, either as normal or suffering from the condition. Prior to chilling, no rainbow trout or salmon suffered from a water-filled stomach. During chilling, 25% of the rainbow trout and 2.5% of the salmon developed water-filled stomach. Affected rainbow trout had significantly higher blood plasma osmolality and significantly lower body weight than normal trout. The frequency of trout with a water-filled stomach increased significantly with increasing chilling time and increasing plasma osmolality. The regression coefficients revealed that the proportion of affected rainbow trout in-creased by 0.82% h−1 of chilling and by 0.46% per unit increase in mosmol L−1. The present study revealed that abdominal distension in seawater farmed rainbow trout was far more severe than in Atlantic salmon and could be provoked experimentally by osmoregulatory stress. This is consistent with the observation that water-filled stomach appear only occasionally in seawater farmed Atlantic salmon.  相似文献   

19.
The present paper describes, for the first time, clinical signs and pathological findings of pancreas disease (PD) in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in sea water in Norway. Similarities and differences with reports of PD from Ireland and Scotland are discussed. Samples of 68 rainbow trout from disease outbreaks on 14 farms and from 155 Atlantic salmon from outbreaks on 20 farms collected from 1996 to 2004 were included in the present study. The histopathological findings of PD in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in sea water were similar. Acute PD, characterized by acute necrosis of exocrine pancreatic tissues, was detected in nine Atlantic salmon and three rainbow trout. Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) was identified in acute pancreatic necroses by immunohistochemistry. Most fish showed severe loss of exocrine pancreatic tissue combined with chronic myositis. Myocarditis was often but not consistently found. Kidneys from 40% and 64% of the rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, respectively, had cells along the sinusoids that were packed with cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules. These cells resembled hypertrophied endothelial cells or elongated mast cell analogues. Histochemical staining properties and electron microscopy of these cells are presented. SAV was identified by RT-PCR and neutralizing antibodies against SAV were detected in blood samples.  相似文献   

20.
Competition with non‐native species may impede the restoration of native species, but differences in competitive abilities among intraspecific native populations may make some populations more suitable for reintroduction than others. Here, juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from two allopatric populations (LaHave and Sebago) being used for reintroduction into Lake Ontario were placed into two natural stream sites differing in the presence of ecologically similar rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We assessed the effects of competition in the natural streams on fitness‐related traits and habitat use of the Atlantic salmon. We then compared these effects to those observed in artificial streams from a previous study. Atlantic salmon in natural streams had reduced fitness‐related traits that were associated with suboptimal microhabitats in the presence of rainbow trout, but utilised optimal microhabitats in their absence. In the presence of rainbow trout, the two Atlantic salmon populations exhibited comparable recapture proportions to each other, but the individuals from the Sebago population had better performance (body size and condition) than those from the LaHave population. Responses of both Atlantic salmon populations to competition with rainbow trout were generally similar in both direction and magnitude when compared to results from the artificial stream study. The combined results suggest that native species restoration efforts should be focused on candidate populations that are ecologically suitable to reintroduction environments, as well as on suitable habitats that do not contain exotic competitors. Moreover, this study highlights the value of controlled experiments in artificial environments for predicting fitness‐related performance in natural environments.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号