首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
翟万营  郭安宁 《河南水产》2016,(4):18-21,40
肠道微生物种类和含量丰富,对机体生长发育具有重要影响。鱼类作为脊椎动物的重要组成部分,其生活在水体环境中,肠道微生物容易受到食物、压力、宿主生长发育、环境等影响,同时对机体的营养、生长、和免疫等都有重要作用。本文综述近年来国内外对鱼类肠道微生物的研究进展,阐述鱼类肠道菌群的影响因素、肠道微生物对机体营养代谢、免疫调节等的影响,以期为鱼类等水生动物的生态健康养殖提供理论支撑,推动水产养殖业的可持续发展。  相似文献   

2.
鱼类肠道菌群影响因子研究进展   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
肠道菌群在维持肠道健康、促进肠道发育、抵抗病原入侵、调节机体能量吸收和脂质代谢过程中均发挥重要作用。在鱼类学研究中,由于种类繁多、食性差异大、生存环境复杂多变,导致鱼类肠道菌群方面的研究面临巨大挑战。本文在总结常见鱼类肠道微生物组成的基础上,着重介绍了鱼类饵料组成、水环境因子、物种、基因型、发育阶段、养殖模式及投喂策略对鱼类肠道菌群影响的相关研究进展,并对目前研究中存在的问题进行了剖析,以期为鱼类肠道菌群研究提供一定的参考依据。  相似文献   

3.
正2.肠道菌群与动物免疫的关系目前,肠道菌群与动物免疫的关系仅在人和畜禽上有过报道,而关于水产动物这方面的研究尚未见系统报道。一般认为,肠道免疫作用的产生依赖原籍菌群。当微生物菌群在新生命期发展并延续整个生命的时候,微生物与宿主免疫系统的相互作用也开始进行(程茜和刘作义,2003)。肠道菌群重要的生理意义包括抵御病原体侵袭、刺激机体免疫器官的成熟、激活免疫系统及参与合成多种维生素、调节物质代谢等。(1)菌群屏障作用:动物的非特异性免疫应答,主要  相似文献   

4.
鱼类肠道菌群与免疫调节研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
介绍了鱼类肠道菌群的形成和种类以及对鱼类机体免疫调节的作用,重点介绍了鱼类肠道菌群与免疫调节之间的关系,包括肠道菌群对免疫机能的影响和免疫调节剂对肠道菌群的影响两方面。  相似文献   

5.
林能锋  龚晖  许斌福  潘滢  曾红 《水产学报》2022,46(9):1701-1712
为探究海水养殖石首鱼类肠道菌群的结构特征及种间差异,本研究采用基于Illumina Hiseq2500测序平台的高通量测序技术,对福建宁德三都澳养殖的5种石首鱼类(大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)、黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)、鮸状黄姑鱼(Nibea miichthyoides)、鮸鱼(Miichthys miiuy)、眼斑拟石首鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus))的肠道菌群进行了16S rDNA V3-V4区测序。各样本得到unique tags的数目在20351到43347之间,上述5种鱼类分别得到479、626、603、518和556个OTUs(operational taxonomic units),分类注释结果显示,这些OUT隶属33个门273个属。5种石首鱼类肠道内容物和肠道壁的样品均以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)细菌为主要优势菌群,约占总菌量的70%,在大黄鱼肠道菌群中,螺旋菌门细菌占比达26.19%,也是其主要优势菌群;在属水平上,Bacillus、Photobacterium、Vibrio、Chryseobacterium、Sphingomonas、Pseudomonas等属细菌是5种养殖石首鱼类的主要类别。对养殖石首鱼类的肠道菌群多样性的分析表明,Shannon’s 群落多样性指数:黄姑鱼>鮸状黄姑鱼>眼斑拟石首鱼>鮸鱼>大黄鱼;各种鱼类的肠道内容物菌群的多样性均高于肠道壁;对不同鱼类间的肠道菌群差异性分析显示,大黄鱼与眼斑拟石首鱼之间肠道菌群的相似度要高于黄姑鱼、鮸状黄姑鱼和鮸鱼,而黄姑鱼、鮸状黄姑鱼和鮸鱼之间的相似度较高。综上所述,5种海水养殖石首鱼类肠道菌群中存在有自身特色的核心菌群,肠道菌群结构的差异与种类间的系统进化关系相似,证明肠道菌群结构与宿主遗传因素密切相关。  相似文献   

6.
脂肪酸对鱼类免疫系统的影响及调控机制研究进展   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
左然涛  麦康森  徐玮  艾庆辉 《水产学报》2015,39(7):1079-1088
替代脂肪源的开发和利用是解决鱼油短缺问题的必然选择。然而,随着替代水平的提高,鱼体常常表现免疫水平和抗病能力降低。鱼油替代的本质为脂肪酸替代,深入研究脂肪酸与鱼类免疫的关系显得尤为重要。本实验综述了脂肪酸对鱼类免疫性能的影响及调控机制。饱和脂肪酸会降低鱼类免疫力,而适量添加n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA)、共轭亚油酸(CLA)或提高n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的比例有利于鱼体免疫力发挥;饲料中脂肪酸主要通过细胞膜结构、信号传导、类花生四烯酸、细胞因子和类固醇激素等途径对鱼类免疫进行调控。脂肪酸与鱼类的免疫性能具有高度相关性,而调控机制的研究尚有较大空间。未来研究应该侧重于以下几个方面:脂肪酸对免疫相关转录因子的调控机制;鱼类肠道脂肪酸组成改变与菌群结构和免疫性能之间的相关性;环境因子对鱼体脂肪代谢和免疫力的影响;非脂肪酸成分(矿物质、维生素)对鱼类脂肪酸代谢和免疫过程的调控机制。  相似文献   

7.
鱼类肠道正常菌群研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
宋增福  吴天星 《水产科学》2007,26(8):471-474
鱼类肠道正常菌群是肠道的正常组成部分;是肠道微生物与宿主以及所处的水生环境形成的相互依赖、相互制约的微生态系;对营养物质的消化吸收、免疫反应以及器官的发育等方面具有其他因素不可替代的作用,并且影响到鱼类的生长、发育、生理和病理。笔者拟就鱼类肠道菌群的形成、结  相似文献   

8.
鱼类肠道菌群的研究概况   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
葛莉莉 《水利渔业》2006,26(4):17-20
鱼类肠道存在着正常的细菌群落,这些微生物群为宿主创造生存的微环境,同时宿主也为它们提供生长繁衍的条件,两者相互依赖、相互制约,形成了统一的整体。综述了鱼类肠道菌群的研究意义、肠道菌群的形成、肠道菌群的数量和组成、肠道菌群的作用。肠道菌群的作用主要包括辅助消化作用、肠道菌群的变化和免疫机能的相关性、对外来菌群和寄生虫的作用、提供营养物质等。  相似文献   

9.
嗜水气单胞菌感染引起的病害使我国鱼类养殖遭受了严重经济损失,制约了水产养殖业的健康发展。嗜水气单胞菌可产生多种毒力因子,致病过程及影响因素复杂,感染鱼类种类广。鱼类的肠道、脾脏、肝脏和肾脏具有重要的免疫功能,在抵御病原菌入侵中发挥重要作用,其中肠道菌群直接影响着宿主的免疫和炎症反应。本文着重阐述了嗜水气单胞菌感染后鱼类免疫相关器官的组织病理学变化、转录组水平基因的差异表达和通路富集及肠道微生物组成与结构改变,综述了嗜水气单胞菌感染后鱼类病理学和组学水平变化,为研究鱼类免疫应答机制及肠道菌群免疫调节功能提供参考依据。  相似文献   

10.
为探究北方吊笼养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠道及其养殖环境菌群结构的关系,本研究基于高通量测序技术全面解析刺参肠道和养殖环境菌群结构和功能特征,并初步探讨刺参肠道及其养殖环境菌群相关性。结果显示,刺参肠道菌群丰度和多样性均显著高于养殖水体(P<0.05)。刺参肠道及养殖水体主要优势菌门均隶属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),二者存在13个相对丰度大于0.1%的共有核心菌属。此外,肠道菌群具有一定的独立性,其特异性菌群主要隶属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、海泥海球菌属(Halioglobus)、Lutimonas和Woeseia为代表。基于KEGG代谢通路数据库,共注释到300条三级代谢通路,其中146条存在极显著差异(P<0.001)。刺参肠道菌群差异代谢通路主要表现在代谢方面,具体表现为碳水化合物消化吸收、蛋白质消化吸收和鞘脂类代谢。研究表明,刺参肠道菌群种类与其养殖水体呈高度相似性,但相对丰度存在显著性差异。本研究结果可为北方刺参吊笼健康养殖提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

11.
It is well known that healthy gut microbiota is essential to promote host health and well‐being. The intestinal microbiota of endothermic animals as well as fish are classified as autochthonous or indigenous, when they are able to colonize the host's epithelial surface or are associated with the microvilli, or as allochthonous or transient (associated with digesta or are present in the lumen). Furthermore, the gut microbiota of aquatic animals is more fluidic than that of terrestrial vertebrates and is highly sensitive to dietary changes. In fish, it is demonstrated that [a] dietary form (live feeds or pelleted diets), [b] dietary lipid (lipid levels, lipid sources and polyunsaturated fatty acids), [c] protein sources (soybean meal, krill meal and other meal products), [d] functional glycomic ingredients (chitin and cellulose), [e] nutraceuticals (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and immunostimulants), [f] antibiotics, [g] dietary iron and [h] chromic oxide affect the gut microbiota. Furthermore, some information is available on bacterial colonization of the gut enterocyte surface as a result of dietary manipulation which indicates that changes in indigenous microbial populations may have repercussion on secondary host–microbe interactions. The effect of dietary components on the gut microbiota is important to investigate, as the gastrointestinal tract has been suggested as one of the major routes of infection in fish. Possible interactions between dietary components and the protective microbiota colonizing the digestive tract are discussed.  相似文献   

12.
为认识消化道菌群结构在宿主营养代谢过程中的变化规律, 并探讨饵料菌群对其的影响, 采用 16S rDNA 高通量测序技术, 对黄条鰤(Seriola lalandi)幼鱼一个完整摄食周期内的消化道菌群结构特征进行研究, 并解析其与饵料菌群的相关性。结果显示, 乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、 鞘氨醇单胞菌属 (Sphingomonas) 、拟杆菌属 (Bacteroides) 、气单胞菌属 (Aeromonas) 、弧菌属 (Vibrio) 和 Faecalibacterium 等是黄条鰤胃、幽门盲囊和肠道的共有优势定植菌群。结合营养代谢过程中优势菌属变化规律, 将乳杆菌属、肠弧菌属(Enterovibrio)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、 Escherichia-Shigella、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、拟杆菌属、甲基单胞菌属(Methylomonas)、 链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、气单胞菌属、弧菌属、普氏菌属(Prevotella)、芽孢乳杆菌属(Sporolactobacillus)、发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)和 Faecalibacterium 作为本研究黄条鰤幼鱼消化道的核心菌群; 其中的乳杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、芽孢乳杆菌属是水产养殖中常见的潜在益生菌; 而假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、弧菌属和发光杆菌属中的部分菌株被视为潜在病原菌; 研究结果揭示了潜在益生菌与致病菌始终以动态平衡的状态定植于健康幼鱼的消化道内, 并参与宿主生理活动, 从微生态角度保障宿主健康。通过优势菌群结构演变趋势分析发现, 饵料菌群对营养代谢过程消化道菌群相对丰度的影响较大, 进一步揭示了饵料微生物安全的重要性。  相似文献   

13.
Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, harbours complex intestinal bacterial communities, which are important in several physiological processes of their host. Intestinal microbiota of grass carp have been previously described in numerous studies. However, an overview on the bacterial community diversity, including their establishment, their functions in host's nutritional processes and immune‐related responses, and use as probiotics, is absent. This study aimed to summarize the current understanding of the grass carp intestinal microbiota. In this review, we provide general information on the establishment and composition of intestinal microbial communities and factors influencing the diversity of gut microbiota. Also, this review covers the dietary effects of probiotics, prebiotics and/or synbiotics on the grass carp intestinal microbial communities and physiological characteristics. Although our knowledge of the grass carp intestinal microbiota is expanding rapidly, further studies on the factors affecting the diversity of intestinal microbes, interactions between intestinal microbiota and their hosts and application of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics in aquaculture industry, are needed.  相似文献   

14.
Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid extensively used in animal nutrition since it promotes increases in body weight and other multiple beneficial effects on the intestinal tract. Although such effects have been demonstrated in several species, very few studies have assessed them in fish. On the other hand, little is known about the metabolic processes underlying these effects. In the present work, growth parameters and changes in more than 80 intestinal metabolites (nucleotides, amino acids and derivatives, glycolytic intermediates, redox coenzymes and lipid metabolism coenzymes) have been quantified in juvenile sea bream fed a butyrate-supplemented diet. Results showed a significant increase in the weight of fish receiving butyrate, while metabolomics provided some clues on the suggested effects of this feed additive. It seems that butyrate increased the availability of several essential amino acids and nucleotide derivatives. Also, the energy provision for enteric cells might have been enhanced by a decrease in glucose and amino acid oxidation related to the use of butyrate as fuel. Additionally, butyrate might have increased transmethylation activity. This work represents an advance in the knowledge of the metabolic consequences of using butyrate as an additive in fish diets.  相似文献   

15.
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The need for enhanced disease resistance, feed efficiency, and growth performance of cultured organisms is substantial for various sectors of this industry. If growth performance and feed efficiency are increased in commercial aquaculture, then the costs of production are likely to be reduced. Also if more fish are able to resist disease and survive until they are of marketable size, the subsequent cost of medication and overall production costs would be reduced drastically. It has been documented in a number of food animals that gastrointestinal microbiota play important roles in affecting the nutrition and health of the host organism. Thus, various means of altering the intestinal microbiota to achieve favorable effects such as enhancing growth, digestion, immunity, and disease resistance of the host organism have been investigated in various terrestrial livestock as well as in humans. Dietary supplementation of prebiotcs, which are classified as non‐digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by stimulating growth and/or activity of a limited number of health‐promoting bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter spp. in the intestine, while limiting potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Listeria and Escherichia coli, have been reported to favorably affect various terrestrial species; however, such information is extremely limited to date for aquatic organisms. Effects of probiotics, defined as live microbial feed supplements, on gastrointestinal microbiota have been studied in some fishes, but the primary application of microbial manipulations in aquaculture has been to alter the composition of the aquatic medium. In general, the gastrointestinal microbiota of fishes including those produced in aquaculture has been poorly characterized, especially the anaerobic microbiota. Therefore, more detailed studies of the microbial community of cultured fish are needed to potentially enhance the effectiveness of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation. This review summarizes and evaluates current knowledge of intestinal microbial ecology of fishes, the various functions of this intestinal microbial community, and the potential for further application of prebiotics and probiotics in aquaculture.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of the dietary administration of two bacterial probiotic strains (Ppd11 and Pdp13) from the Alteromonadaceae family for 60 days, were assessed by measuring growth and feed efficiency, activities of leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase and structural changes in the intestine of juvenile Senegalese sole. In addition, the profile of intestinal microbiota was studied by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis. Growth and nutrient utilization were significantly higher in fish receiving probiotics than in those fed the control diet. No differences were observed in proximal composition between treatments, though higher lipid muscle content was measured in fish receiving Pdp13. Those fish also exhibited higher activities of AP when compared to Ppd11 and control groups. The profile of intestinal microbiota clearly separated those fish receiving probiotics from those of the control group. Microscopical examination revealed accumulation of lipid droplets in the enterocytes of fish receiving the control diet, but not in those fed on probiotics. Interactions between those structural changes and growth performance are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
为研究益生菌制剂对池塘养殖牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)肠道及环境菌群结构的调控效果,采用高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析手段构建牙鲆肠道、养殖水体、饵料和池塘底泥的16S rDNA基因测序文库,分析不同样品中菌群组成和多样性在益生菌制剂调控过程中的变化趋势。结果显示,添加益生菌制剂后,池塘底泥和牙鲆肠道的菌群多样性升高,且池塘底泥的菌群多样性依然最高;而养殖水体的菌群多样性明显下降,并低于牙鲆肠道的。牙鲆肠道中的肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)相对丰度呈上升趋势,不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)相对丰度先上升后下降;池塘养殖水体中NS3a_marine_group代表的菌属相对丰度先下降后上升;底泥中芽孢杆菌属相对丰度变化最为明显,由最初的3.78%增加到33.64%。养殖牙鲆肠道、养殖水体和底泥中的弧菌属(Vibrio)相对丰度在益生菌制剂添加后出现不同程度的降低。而在水产养殖中,不动杆菌属和弧菌属中的部分菌株通常被认为是重要病原菌。说明益生菌制剂的添加能在一定程度上优化鱼体肠道和环境(养殖水体和池塘底泥)的菌群结构。相似性分析发现,在饵料不变的条件下,牙鲆肠道菌群结构与底泥的更相近;且益生菌产品对池塘底泥和牙鲆肠道菌群的影响较为明显。本研究结果可为池塘养殖过程中微生态制剂筛选和使用提供参考。  相似文献   

18.
益生菌与鱼类肠道健康研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
集约化、高密度养殖已成为水产养殖业的发展趋势。在这种养殖模式下,如何保障鱼体健康是人们关注的焦点。20世纪80年代,益生菌在水产养殖行业中首次应用,这种环保且有效的水产养殖策略获得了业界的关注。目前,鱼类养殖中常用益生菌有芽孢杆菌属、乳酸杆菌属、乳球菌属和酵母菌属。添加的益生菌通过抑制病原微生物的增殖、改善鱼类肠道屏障完整性、调节肠道微生物组成和调控肠道免疫功能等作用维护鱼类肠道健康。但是,益生菌发挥功效的具体机制还需要更深入的研究。本文综述了目前鱼类养殖中益生菌的使用情况及其作用机制,同时也探讨了益生菌在水产行业中面临的挑战和未来发展方向。  相似文献   

19.
脂肪酸在鱼类营养中起着重要的作用,脂肪酸作为能源物质为鱼类的生长发育等各项活动提供能量,并协助脂溶性维生素的吸收和体内运输。不同鱼类因其生活环境不同,对必需脂肪酸的需求种类也不同。由于不同脂肪水平与不同脂肪酸来源的饲料因其脂肪酸含量或脂肪酸组成不同,不同鱼类或鱼类的不同生长阶段对脂肪源的利用也不同,那么饲料的脂肪水平或脂肪酸组成不同就对鱼类的生长、脂代谢及免疫性能产生一定的影响作用。必需脂肪酸作为鱼类重要的脂肪酸营养物质同样影响鱼类的生长、脂代谢及免疫性能。本文从脂肪酸营养对鱼类生长、脂代谢及免疫性能的影响等方面进行综述,并对今后的研究重点进行了展望。’  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号