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1.
利用2010—2012年长江上游宜宾和江津江段三层流刺网渔获物的调查数据,分析了三层流刺网的主要捕捞对象和个体大小,阐述长江上游干流渔获物结构现状。结果显示,鱼类样本共计673.32 kg,分属4目9科47种;其中,鲤科鱼类占比最大,为61.70%,其次是鲿科,为10.64%,长江上游特有鱼类11种,占鱼类总种数的23.40%。主要捕捞渔获对象多为未达到性成熟的个体。对宜宾和江津两江段三层流刺网渔获物种类、物种相似度和生物多样性指数进行了比较分析,宜宾江段鱼类39种(含特有鱼类8种),分属4目8科,江津江段鱼类40种(含特有鱼类11种),分属4目9科;江津江段渔获种类和特有鱼类数量均高于宜宾江段,宜宾和江津两个江段三层流刺网的鱼类物种相似度为81.01%;宜宾江段物种多样性指数为2.81,略高于江津江段的2.76,但两江段的多样性指数无显著差异。通过本次研究可以为分析向家坝等水电站蓄水对长江上游鱼类的影响提供数据参考,同时也为长江上游鱼类资源的保护和渔业规划提供依据。  相似文献   

2.
运用微卫星分子标记对80尾胭脂鱼人工放流子一代个体的遗传多样性和种群遗传结构进行了分析。用磁珠富集法构建了胭脂鱼(AAAG)n富集文库,从中分离并鉴定得到的22个微卫星位点最终设计合成18对引物。对长江中、上游的80尾人工增殖放流的胭脂鱼子一代进行了遗传多样性的初步研究,其中5对引物呈现多态性,等位基因数目为 2~8个;多态信息含量0.2957~0.8038;Shannon多样性指数0.5466~1.8840;观测杂合度0.3056~0.7222;期望杂合度0.3658~0.8381;Hard-Weinberg遗传偏离指数(D)-0.1818~0.4287。结果初步表明,胭脂鱼人工放流子一代处于较高的遗传多样性水平,但很大程度上仍受到人类活动的影响。  相似文献   

3.
《水产养殖》2009,(3):3-3
2009年2月4日,安徽省在巢湖水域增殖放流大规格胭脂鱼苗种6000尾。这是安徽省在巢湖水域首次进行胭脂鱼增殖放流活动。安徽省渔政渔港监督管理局、巢湖渔业管理局和合肥市、巢湖市等沿湖5个县(区)渔业主管部门、渔政机构负责同志,渔政执法人员、媒体记者、渔民代表百余人参加了放流活动。  相似文献   

4.
2010年9-11月、2011年5-7月和9-11月、2012年5-7月在长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区干流宜宾、合江及江津江段进行了4次鱼类资源调查,共采集鱼类样本27 836尾,隶属于7目17科111种(亚种),其中长江上游特有鱼类27种,产漂流性卵鱼类45种,外来鱼类6种。宜宾、合江及江津江段鱼类物种数分别为85、91及91种,宜宾与合江江段鱼类相似度指数为69.23%,合江与江津江段为71.70%,宜宾与江津江段为77.78%。铜鱼(Coreius heterodon)、南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)、长鳍吻(Rhinogobio ventralis)及圆口铜鱼(C.guichenoti)为保护区干流主要经济鱼类,产漂流性卵鱼类占渔获物总重量的66.35%。鱼类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在4次调查中江津江段均最高,宜宾次之,合江最低,但三江段之间多样性指数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与历史资料相比,该江段鱼类资源明显减少,急需加强保护措施。  相似文献   

5.
郭爱环  原居林  练青平  倪蒙  刘梅  顾志敏 《水产学报》2022,46(12):2349-2356
为评估钱塘江上游黄尾鲴的增殖放流效果和潜在遗传风险,本实验利用已开发的11对微卫星引物,基于亲子鉴定技术对钱塘江上游增殖放流黄尾鲴的资源贡献率进行估算,同时开展黄尾鲴养殖群体和野外群体的遗传多样性比较,评估其增殖放流的遗传风险。结果显示,33尾繁殖亲本群体和105尾回捕群体的平均等位基因数(Na)为8.64,平均观测杂合度(Ho )为度为0.708,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.739,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.703,11对微卫星引物多样性较高。亲缘关系分析表明,11座位累计非亲权(CEP)排除率达到99.999 98 0 %,在回捕的105尾黄尾鲴个体中,5尾回捕个体被确认为放流的子代,对野外群体的资源贡献率为4.76%。黄尾鲴养殖群体和野外群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,且群体内各个遗传参数相差较小,遗传多样性水平相近;分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,遗传变异主要来自于群体内(95.92%),遗传分化系数FST为0.053 59 ,群体间的Nm 为4.42,属于低等程度的分化,基因交流无障碍。综合分析表明,钱塘江增殖放流的黄尾鲴具有良好的资源恢复效果,且无放流带来的潜在遗传风险。  相似文献   

6.
黑龙江人工放流鲟鳇幼苗250万尾1987年勤得利农场与黑龙江垦区水产处联合在黑龙江勤得利江段建立了施氏鲟养殖放流实验站。自1988年始.每年农场在鲟、鳇鱼繁殖期内组织人员向江中放流幼鲟和鲟、鳇杂交的幼鱼,计250万尾,其中施氏幼鲟为120万尾(朱利)...  相似文献   

7.
为了解云南特有鱼类大头鲤(Cyprinus pellegrini)增殖放流后的空间迁移特征, 于 2021 年 7 月在云南省杞麓湖开展了人工培育大头鲤幼鱼标记放流试验, 并通过定点回捕监测对鱼苗放流后的初期迁移特征进行了探讨。共放流大头鲤幼鱼 7000 尾, 平均全长(8.4±1.2) cm, 平均体重(7.5±3.5) g。放流鱼苗全部做了可见植入荧光标记(visible implant elastomer, VIE)。放流 24 h 后即开始回捕, 共在放流点及附近水域设置 10 个固定回捕监测点, 采用地笼进行为期 3 d 的持续回捕。共回捕到放流鱼苗 37 尾, 总回捕率为 5.286‰。回捕个体平均全长(7.1±1.0) cm, 平均体重 (4.4±1.8) g。回捕个体的标记均清晰可见, 标记保持率为 100%。放流后 3 d 内各固定监测点回捕到的放流鱼苗数量变动显示, 放流鱼苗呈现出先向两端沿岸浅水区迁移, 后向开阔水域迁移的特征。放流后第 1 天鱼苗的群体冒险性为 33.33%, 而放流后第 2、3 天的群体冒险性均超过第 1 天的 2 倍, 表现出先谨慎探索, 后大胆冒险的行为特征。 放流鱼在放流后 1、2、3 d 内的日迁移距离分别为 199.4、110.6、98.8 m, 呈逐渐下降趋势。根据有关背景资料及本研究结果, 提出了完善大头鲤增殖放流工作的建议。  相似文献   

8.
三峡水库成库期间鱼类空间分布的水声学研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
2007年4月18日~5月1日,利用SIMRADEY60回声探测仪(又称鱼探仪)对三峡水库坝前到丰都干流以及9条主要支流进行了水声学探测。采用垂直探测结合“之”字形路线的方法对库区整个水体鱼类的分布状况进行了研究。调查水域长度约有600km,回波数据分成1232个片段进行分析。结果表明:在5m以下水层,体长大于6cm的鱼类在该区域平均密度为567.68尾/dam3,且鱼类分布不均匀。在巫山至奉节江段鱼类的密度最低, 密度的平均值和标准误(mean±S.E)为(8.1±0.47)尾/dam3;在忠县到丰都江段密度最高,平均值和标准误(mean±S.E)为(2597.06±154.08)尾/dam3。从坝前到丰都,干流鱼类资源量总体上呈现逐步增加的趋势。支流资源量要比干流高。目标强度在-60~-50dB的鱼体大小差异不显著,大于-50dB鱼体的平均目标强度在巴东-巫山江段最高,巫山-奉节江段及抱龙河次之。小型鱼体的大小在各江段没有统计学差异,中型和大型鱼体在巴东-巫山江段鱼体个体相对最大,万州-忠县江段以及小江、长滩河等水域鱼类个体相对较小。  相似文献   

9.
研究嘉陵江中游鱼类资源时空动态特征,了解变化过程及影响因素,提出嘉陵江鱼类资源保护的建议和措施,同时为长江上游及其支流的鱼类资源保护提供基础数据。运用Biosonics DT-X分裂波束科学回声探测仪于2018年7月(夏)、10月(秋)以及2019年1月(冬)、4月(春)对嘉陵江中游蓬安段金溪航电工程干流江段进行了水声学探测,并辅以常规渔获物调查。共采集到鱼类6科38种,其中蛇鮈、鲫、银飘鱼、黄尾鲴等中小型鱼类在数量上占优;鱼类密度分别为春季(0.8296±0.43)、夏季(0.8705±0.38 )、秋季(0.5082±0.25)、冬季(0.3939±0.13)尾/m3;鱼体平均目标强度分别为春季(-63.15±5.03)、夏季(-52.85±14.45)、秋季(-46.42±15.85)、冬季(-44.77±15.28 )dB;鱼体平均重量分别为春季0.03、夏季1.08 、秋季11.19 、冬季20.40 g/尾;鱼类资源量分别为春季0.4096、夏季0.2907 、秋季0.3919 、冬季0.5622 kg/m3;坝下鱼类密度显著高于坝上(F=12.67,P<0.05);坝上(F=7.02,P<0.05)和坝下(F=19.99,P<0.05)3个水层之间的鱼类密度差异显著,中层鱼类密度显著高于上层和下层(P<0.05),且总体上夏季各水层的鱼类密度要高于其他季节。后续研究应加强对该江段鱼类资源的动态监测,并重点探讨引起鱼类资源动态变化的关键影响因子。  相似文献   

10.
2010-2012年中国长江三峡集团公司联合湖北省水产局等单位在长江三峡大坝-葛洲坝江段实施了鲢、鳙、草鱼等鱼类的增殖放流,并标记了部分放流苗种进行了放流效果评价。三年放流规模分别为103.49万、125万、130万尾,标记放流鱼类总计为4.66万尾,标记回捕率分别是0.0465%、0、0.0114%。通过监测及对历史数据的分析,每年100万~125万尾的放流规模对鱼类增殖具有一定的效果,2010-2012年7-8月家鱼渔获物的产量分别约为3.0 kg/(船· d)、7.3 kg/(船· d)、4.3 kg/(船· d),较放流前有所提高。同步网箱散养放流家鱼试验的成活率在2010-2012年分别为5%、64%、81%,3年中放流家鱼平均体重最低增加到约1.8倍,最高增加到约7.9倍,说明放流对增加两坝间水域鱼类资源量是有效的。  相似文献   

11.
Lakes can be important to stream dwelling fishes, yet how individuals exploit habitat heterogeneity across complex stream‐lake networks is poorly understood. Furthermore, despite growing awareness that intermittent streams are widely used by fish, studies documenting the use of seasonally accessible lakes remain scarce. We studied Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in a small seasonally flowing (June–October) stream‐lake network in Alaska using PIT telemetry. Overall, 70% of fish visited two lakes, 8% used a single lake, and 22% used only stream reaches. We identified five distinct behavioural patterns that differed in dominant macrohabitat used (deep lake, shallow lake or stream reaches), entry day into the network and mobility. Some juvenile fish spent the entire summer in a shallow seasonally frozen lake (average 71 days), whereas others demonstrated prospecting behaviour and only entered the stream channel briefly in September. Another group included adult and juvenile fish that were highly mobile, moving up to 27 km while in the 3‐km stream‐lake network, and used stream reaches extensively (average 59 days). Lentic and lotic habitats served differing roles for individuals, some fish occupied stream reaches as summer foraging habitat, and other individuals used them as migration corridors to access lakes. Our study emphasises the importance of considering stream‐lake connectivity in stream fish assessments, even to shallow seasonally frozen habitats not widely recognised as important. Furthermore, we demonstrate that individuals may use temporary aquatic habitats in complex and changing ways across ontogeny that are not captured by typical classifications of fish movement behaviour.  相似文献   

12.
The Northern Pacific sea star Asterias amurensis has a major negative impact on scallop mariculture. In northern Japan, fishermen clean up sea stars before releasing young scallops in the mariculture field; however, new sea stars constantly invade the field from outside areas to feed on scallops. Thus, it is important to determine the migration speed and seasonal behavioral patterns of the Northern Pacific sea star to implement effective density control measures. Here, we set out to quantify these parameters using acoustic telemetry. In a rearing experiment, acoustic transmitters were retained on sea stars for up to 71 days using nylon fishing line. In the field experiment, we showed that the moving distance of the Northern Pacific sea star over a 1-week period was significantly further in spring (90.9 ± 49.9 m) than in summer (25.1 ± 18.9 m), and that the moving speed was significantly faster in spring (18.1 ± 15.2 m/day) than in summer (4.3 ± 9.1 m/day). Our results are the first to present the two-dimensional movement of Northern Pacific sea star individuals in spring and summer. We suggest that sea star extermination practices should be extended beyond the immediate culture area.  相似文献   

13.
  1. Reservoirs and associated river fragments are novel ecosystems not experienced by fishes in their evolutionary history, yet they are now commonplace across the globe. Understanding how fishes use these novel habitats is vital to conservation efforts in contemporary riverscapes.
  2. Movement patterns of the endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) synthesized from tagging efforts in the upper Colorado River basin, USA, illustrate the applications of tagging technology and data sharing by multiple agencies to better understand the spatial ecology of large river fishes.
  3. Tagging studies between 2014 and 2018 in Lake Powell and its two main tributary rivers, the Colorado (unfragmented) and San Juan (waterfall‐fragmented), were used to quantify movement of razorback sucker within this river–reservoir habitat complex. In addition, facilitated translocations of fish upstream of a waterfall barrier in the San Juan River were assessed in 2016–2017.
  4. Extensive movement of fish occurred within and across river and reservoir habitats. Of 722 fish captured in the Colorado River arm of Lake Powell, 36% of re‐encounters occurred upstream in the Colorado or Green rivers, or fish dispersed through the reservoir and were detected in the San Juan River arm. Fourteen fish moved more than 600 km. In the San Juan arm of the reservoir, 29% and 20% of fish in 2017 and 2018, respectively, had moved ~30–40 km upstream below the waterfall in the San Juan River within a year. In 2016–2017, 303 fish were translocated upstream of the waterfall into the San Juan River, but 80% were re‐encountered downstream of the waterfall within a year.
  5. Long‐distance movements by razorback sucker were common within and among rivers and reservoirs illustrating how large river fish, in general, might maintain population connectivity in highly altered ecosystems.
  相似文献   

14.
中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)为国家一级重点保护野生动物。2004—2014 年在长江口水域标志放流中华鲟 12570 尾, 标志回捕中华鲟 24 尾次, 接收 18 枚落式卫星数据回收标志(PAT)信息。本研究根据标志放流信息, 分析研究长江口标志放流中华鲟降海洄游和分布特征。研究结果表明: (1)长江口标志放流中华鲟分布于经度跨度 7°, 纬度跨度 9°的长江口水域和东海及黄海海域, 主要聚集分布区为长江口水域和舟山群岛海域; (2)标志放流中华鲟具有显著的降海洄游趋势, 放流后短期滞留在长江口淡水环境, 7 d 后具有进入海洋的行为; (3)长江口标志放流中华鲟进入海洋后, 其迁移方向会出现随机性, 在迁移过程中具有折返、转向、停滞的特征。本研究通过对长江口增殖放流的中华鲟标志回捕信息开展研究, 旨在揭示中华鲟降海洄游和分布特征, 为中华鲟资源保护提供科学依据。  相似文献   

15.
Abstract  Low-head dams in arid regions restrict fish movement and create novel habitats that have complex effects on fish assemblages. The influence of low-head dams and artificial wetlands on fishes in Muddy Creek, a tributary of the Colorado River system in the USA was examined. Upstream, fish assemblages were dominated by native species including two species of conservation concern, bluehead sucker, Catostomus discobolus Cope, and roundtail chub, Gila robusta Baird and Girard. The artificial wetlands contained almost exclusively non-native fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, and white sucker, Catostomus commersonii (Lacepède). Downstream, fish assemblages were dominated by non-native species. Upstream spawning migrations by non-native white suckers were blocked by dams associated with the wetlands. However, the wetlands do not provide habitat for native fishes and likely inhibit fish movement. The wetlands appear to be a source habitat for non-native fishes and a sink habitat for native fishes. Two non-native species, sand shiner, Notropis stramineus (Cope), and redside shiner, Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson), were present only downstream of the wetlands, suggesting a beneficial role of the wetlands in preventing upstream colonisation by non-native fishes.  相似文献   

16.
长江中游宜昌江段鱼类早期资源现状   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
为了探明长江中游宜昌江段鱼类早期资源状况,2014年和2015年连续两年于5―7月在长江中游宜昌江段对产漂流性卵鱼类进行监测,期间共采集鱼卵12209粒。通过分子生物学方法共鉴定出27种鱼类,隶属于2目、4科。其中鲤科鱼类种类数最多,占77%;其次是鳅科,占15%;平鳍鳅科和银鱼科最少,均为4%。鉴定出的27种鱼类中,产漂流性卵鱼类有22种。2014年和2015年长江中游宜昌江段产漂流性卵鱼类的产卵量分别为79.1×10~8粒和70.9×10~8粒,其中四大家鱼产卵量分别为5.65×10~8粒和6.13×10~8粒。监测期间共出现7次产卵高峰(2014年4次,2015年3次),集中在6月初及6月中下旬。四大家鱼产卵量日变化与长江流量日变化关联性较强。2014年宜昌断面采集的四大家鱼鱼卵来自采样点上游的葛洲坝下(坝下–庙咀)、宜昌(胭脂坝–云池)和白洋(白洋镇–关州)三处产卵江段,2015年的四大家鱼鱼卵则来自葛洲坝下(坝下–庙咀)、宜昌(胭脂坝–红花套)两个产卵场。和历史资料相比,长江中游宜昌江段四大家鱼产卵场位置略有下移,规模呈减少趋势。建议继续科学适宜地开展生态调度和增殖放流,满足长江中游鱼类繁殖需求。  相似文献   

17.
环境因子对胭脂鱼精子活力影响的研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
通过观察精子的快速运动时间和寿命,研究了6种环境因子对胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus Bleeker)精子活力的影响。结果表明:胭脂鱼精子对酸碱的耐受能力较强,在pH值为4~10时,精子均可以快速运动,且在pH值为8时精子的活力最强。不同浓度的NaCl、KCl、葡萄糖、CaCl2、MaCl2溶液对胭脂鱼精子运动的诱导效果不同。5种溶液最适于胭脂鱼精子运动的浓度分别为:NaCl 102 mmol/L;KCl 75 mmol/L;葡萄糖100 mmol/L;CaCl275.6 mmol/L;MgCl275.6 mmol/L。且在5种溶液低浓度时精子活力较强,超过一定浓度精子的运动开始被抑制。  相似文献   

18.
郭婷  宋娜  刘淑德  涂忠  胡发文  高天翔  陈健 《水产学报》2020,44(12):1976-1986
基于线粒体DNA控制区高变区部分序列和4对微卫星标记,对大泷六线鱼放流群体及自然海域群体的遗传多样性与遗传差异进行了比较分析。线粒体DNA控制区序列分析的结果显示,413尾个体共检测到单倍型117种,其中仅Hap_3、Hap_7和Hap_17为共享单倍型,占总单倍型数目的2.5%;放流、野生群体特有单倍型分别为20种和66种,分别占总单倍型数的17.09%和56.41%,放流群体特有单倍型数明显低于野生群体;放流群体和野生群体核苷酸多样性分别为0.005 1~0.006 7和0.005 8~0.007 5,单倍型多样性分别为0.856 7~0.949 9和0.883 1~0.954 9,遗传多样性均较高。微卫星标记分析结果显示,放流、野生群体平均等位基因数(Na)分别为13~44和13~27,平均多态信息含量为0.885 6和0.874 0,均具较高的遗传多态性;群体遗传结构分析结果表明,放流、野生群体间遗传分化水平较低。研究表明,山东近海大泷六线鱼放流群体与野生群体均具有较丰富的遗传多样性,且遗传结构未存在显著的群体分化。  相似文献   

19.
  1. Large-scale movement of fishes is a challenge for conservation and management in rivers, especially when individuals can cross jurisdictional boundaries.
  2. Assessing large-scale movement is particularly difficult during early life stages, especially when endangered species are involved. After hatching, free embryos of the federally endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) drift long distances during development. Following the transition to exogenous feeding, individuals may continue to move downstream, resulting in a potential two-step migration.
  3. Tagged age-0 pallid sturgeon were stocked into the lower Missouri River, which provided an opportunity to assess pallid sturgeon dispersal as well as the hypothesized two-step migration. From July 2018 to April 2021, 79 individuals were captured, with most dispersing 200–800 km downstream from the stocking location.
  4. The observed dispersal of pallid sturgeon supports the two-step downstream migration hypothesis. This migration may lead to dispersal into the Mississippi River, which highlights the need for expanded monitoring into the Mississippi River for an effective evaluation of pallid sturgeon recovery actions. This study also reinforces the importance of inter-jurisdictional management and collaboration to better account for the large-scale movement of river fishes.
  相似文献   

20.
2013年9月15日至2014年2月22日,在自然状态下观察江豚在皖河口活动作为对照组。2014年3月2、11、17、20日购买2龄鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)等冬片鱼种692 kg,在投食状态下观察江豚在皖河口活动作为试验组。每次在白天整点时刻,采用瞬间扫描法记录10 min内江豚的出水次数和出水位置,作为1个样本。皖河汇流区设置304个网格(50 m×50 m),每头江豚出水1次,在相应网格位置以黑点标注。皖河入口端线中点为圆心,以半径500 m半圆面积为有效观察窗,根据江豚平均游动速度(4.3 km/h),窗内群体之间的时间间隔超过7 min,视为2个独立的群体。结果表明,自然状态下,江豚在皖河口觅食活动主要在支流区和滞留区,9:00、12:00和14:00出现3个活动高峰期;集群规模在1~8头,平均为3.67头。投放活体幼鱼后,江豚在分离区和急流区平均出水次数增多,而滞留区减少;出水次数骤然升高,以后逐渐降低;集群规模在2~10头,均值为5.80头,可见投放鱼饵后江豚集群规模明显增大(P<0.05)。在皖河18次调查的144个样本中,有效观察时间为1400 min,共记录江豚活动87次,累计记录309头(含重复数),分为156个亚群类型,以夫妻型居多(37.10%),家庭型最少(14.67%)。自然状态下,每天观察到江豚约15头,投放鱼苗时观察到约24头,两者差异不明显(P>0.05),但出水平均次数明显增多(P<0.05)。所以在其经常出没的汇流水域投放鱼苗可以减缓施工对江豚捕食的负面影响。  相似文献   

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