6-苄氨基嘌呤对雨生红球藻中虾青素积累的影响

首次研究了外源细胞分裂素6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)对雨生红球藻积累虾青素的作用。在营养生长期的雨生红球藻培养液中,分别添加不同浓度梯度的6-BA,进行胁迫培养(25℃,24 h 5000 lx连续光照 营养盐饥饿),诱导藻细胞合成并积累虾青素。显微观察各不同处理组藻细胞虾青素积累过程的动态变化,并定期取样进行虾青素含量测定。结果表明,10 mg/L的6-BA处理对雨生红球藻积累虾青素有明显促进作用,胁迫培养26 d后藻细胞完全变红,比对照组提前18 d;虾青素含量比对照组提高2.52%。较高浓度的6-BA(20、30、50 mg/L)则对藻细胞有较强致死作用。     

光周期对雨生红球藻生物量、虾青素累积和抗氧化能力的影响

研究了不同光周期条件(0L∶24D、4L∶20D、8L∶16D、12L∶12D、16L∶8D、20L∶4D、24L∶0D)对雨生红球藻生物量(细胞密度和单位体积干质量)、虾青素含量(单位干质量虾青素含量和单个细胞虾青素含量)、丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力的影响。生物量的测定采用显微细胞计数法和直接称质量法,虾青素含量、丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力的测定采用分光光度法。试验结果表明,雨生红球藻生物量和丙二醛含量随光照时间的延长先升后降,虾青素含量和总抗氧化能力则随光照时间的延长逐渐升高;雨生红球藻生物量和丙二醛含量均在16L∶8D光周期条件下达到最大值,且显著高于连续黑暗和连续光照条件下的生物量和丙二醛含量(P0.05);雨生红球藻虾青素含量和总抗氧化能力在连续光照条件下最高,且均显著高于每日光照时间小于20h条件下的虾青素含量和总抗氧化能力(P0.05);在20L∶4D和连续光照条件下的雨生红球藻生物量、单个细胞虾青素含量和丙二醛含量无显著差异(P0.05),但这两种条件下的单位干质量虾青素含量和总抗氧化能力差异显著(P0.05);在连续黑暗条件下,雨生红球藻生物量、虾青素含量、丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力均最低。本研究结果为雨生红球藻的大规模培养和虾青素的规模化生产和应用提供了理论基础。     

雨生红球藻生长和虾青素积累条件的研究进展

综述了雨生红球藻生长和虾青素积累的多种影响因素,包括环境因子(光照、温度、盐度、pH)、营养盐、维生素、微量元素及植物激素,以期为雨生红球藻的科学化养殖及利用提供参考。     

盐胁迫对雨生红球藻虾青素累积、虾青素合成相关酶基因表达和抗氧化指标的影响

为探讨盐胁迫对雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)虾青素合成的影响与机理,以及雨生红球藻各抗氧化机制之间的关系,本研究采用生化和分子生物学方法研究了不同浓度(0.04 mol/L、0.08 mol/L、0.12 mol/L和0.16 mol/L)和不同时间(3 d、6 d和9 d)的盐(Na Cl)胁迫对雨生红球藻生长、虾青素积累、番茄红素β-环化酶(Lcy)、β-胡萝卜素羟化酶(Crt R-B)和β-胡萝卜素酮化酶(Bkt)基因表达、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,各胁迫时间的雨生红球藻的密度均随着盐胁迫浓度的增加而不断下降,在盐胁迫的第9天,雨生红球藻的死亡率和孢子比例均随着盐胁迫浓度的增加而不断升高;雨生红球藻虾青素含量、Lcy、Crt R-B和Bkt基因表达量均随着盐胁迫浓度和时间的增加而不断提高;雨生红球藻SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性以及MDA含量在不同浓度和不同时间的盐胁迫下与对照组(0.00 mol/L Na Cl)相比均升高,且在不同时间的0.12 mol/L Na Cl胁迫下与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05);雨生红球藻虾青素含量、Lcy、Crt R-B和Bkt基因表达量在盐胁迫的早期(第3天)和中期(第6天)阶段较低,在盐胁迫的后期(第9天)阶段较高,而SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性以及MDA含量在盐胁迫的早期和中期阶段较高,在盐胁迫的后期阶段较低。实验结果说明了适当浓度和时间的盐胁迫能促进雨生红球藻累积虾青素,雨生红球藻在盐胁迫下主要是通过提高虾青素合成相关酶基因的转录水平来促进虾青素的合成,其虾青素和抗氧化酶的抗氧化活性可能互为补充,共同保护雨生红球藻免受盐胁迫的氧化损伤。     

施用水杨酸对雨生红球藻中虾青素积累的影响

在对数生长期的藻液中分别加入不同质量浓度的水杨酸(SA)溶液,进行胁迫培养(25℃,24 h5000 lx连续光照 营养盐饥饿),诱导细胞内虾青素的合成积累。在诱导过程中,显微观察不同质量浓度SA处理后细胞形态和虾青素积累的动态变化,并定期取样测定虾青素含量。结果表明,10.0 mg/L和5.0 mg/L的SA能够明显促进雨生红球藻中积累虾青素。其中,5.0 mg/L的SA诱导最为明显,不仅可以加快虾青素积累进程(比对照组提前23 d),而且虾青素产量比对照组提高75.8%;而15 mg/L和20 mg/L的SA溶液则对藻细胞有毒害作用。     

茉莉酸甲酯对雨生红球藻虾青素含量和dxs基因表达的影响

雨生红球藻是一种能产生重要次生代谢产物——虾青素的单细胞绿藻,茉莉酸甲酯( MeJA)等诱导因子可促进植物次生代谢产物的积累.以雨生红球藻为研究对象,研究了不同浓度MeJA对雨生红球藻细胞生长、虾青素含量和dxs基因表达的影响.结果表明,MeJA在抑制雨生红球藻细胞生长和总虾青素产量的积累的同时,却能促进雨生红球藻单位细胞虾青素的合成能力.当MeJA浓度为800 μmol/L时,单位细胞虾青素合成能力可达1.75×10-9mg,相比对照组(1.42×10-9 mg)增加23.24％.RT-PCR分析结果表明,dxs基因的表达受MeJA的诱导,800 μmol/L MeJA处理条件下,dxs基因的表达水平最高.相关分析结果表明,MeJA作用下的雨生红球藻虾青素含量和dxs基因表达量呈正相关,推断dxs基因可能是雨生红球藻虾青素合成的一个关键酶基因,这为进一步通过代谢工程策略提高雨生红球藻虾青素含量提供了一个靶点,也为虾青素规模化生产和探讨虾青素积累的分子机理提供参考.     

花生四烯酸对雨生红球藻细胞生长和虾青素含量的影响

研究了不同质量浓度花生四烯酸对雨生红球藻细胞生长和虾青素含量的影响。结果表明,适宜质量浓度的花生四烯酸(62.5 mg/L)能促进雨生红球藻细胞的生长,而低质量浓度(0.1~12.5 mg/L)和高质量浓度(312.5~1562.5 mg/L)的花生四烯酸均能抑制雨生红球藻细胞的生长;花生四烯酸能促进雨生红球藻虾青素的积累,随着花生四烯酸质量浓度的增加,雨生红球藻虾青素含量也逐渐增加,当花生四烯酸质量浓度为312.5 mg/L时,虾青素的含量最高,达3.67 mg/L,比对照组提高48.8%。     

饲料中添加雨生红球藻对七彩神仙鱼生长、体色及抗氧化力的影响

为探讨雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)对七彩神仙鱼(Symphysodon haraldi)增色效果以及对机体抗氧化力的影响,分别用添加0(对照组)、3.33、6.66、9.99、13.32和16.65 g/kg雨生红球藻(折算成虾青素添加量分别为0、100、200、300、400和500 mg/kg饲料)的饲料饲喂七彩神仙鱼6周,测定七彩神仙鱼皮肤、鳍条、肌肉和肝脏中的虾青素含量、体表的三刺激值和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果显示:饲料中添加雨生红球藻可以显著提高七彩神仙鱼的增重率,当添加量为9.99 g/kg其增重率最大。七彩神仙鱼皮肤、鳍条、肌肉和肝脏虾青素含量随着雨生红球藻添加量的增加而升高,当雨生红球藻添加量超过6.66 g/kg,各组织中虾青素的含量趋于稳定。随着雨生红球藻添加量增加,皮肤L*值(亮度)下降、而a*值(红度)和b*值(黄度)升高,皮肤中虾青素含量与三刺激值间的相关性均达到高度相关,并与a*值的相关性最高。随着雨生红球藻添加量的增加,七彩神仙鱼肝脏的T-AOC和GSH的含量也逐渐升高。结果表明,在饲料中添加雨生红球藻可提高七彩神仙鱼的增重率,提高七彩神仙鱼皮肤虾青素含量,改善七彩神仙鱼体色,增强机体的抗氧化能力;雨生红球藻的添加量建议为6.66~9.99 g/kg(虾青素含量为200~300 mg/kg)。     

二丁基羟基甲苯对雨生红球藻虾青素和油脂积累的影响

以雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)为对象，研究高光照、缺氮条件下，外源添加不同浓度的二丁基羟基甲苯(Butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT)对雨生红球藻生长、虾青素积累、油脂合成、脂肪酸组成、碳水化合物、蛋白含量以及虾青素和脂肪酸合成相关酶基因的影响。结果显示，添加不同浓度的BHT后，2 mg/L BHT添加组虾青素积累量为最高，显著高于其他实验组和对照组(P<0.05)，达到31.66 mg/g，是对照组的1.87倍。油脂含量达45.56%，高于同期对照组(39.06%)，脂肪酸组成变化不显著。在此条件下，虾青素合成关键酶基因dxs和bkt表达水平分别是对照组的5.19倍和2.04倍；脂肪酸合成关键酶基因kas和acp表达水平较对照组显著提高(P<0.05)，分别是对照组的4.56倍和3.02倍。与对照组相比，2 mg/L BHT添加组的碳水化合物和蛋白含量均呈下降趋势。研究表明，在胁迫条件下，外源添加适量浓度的BHT能有效促进雨生红球藻中虾青素的积累，同时提高了藻细胞内的油脂含量。     

雨生红球藻和虾青素的研究

介绍了虾青素的生产方法及生物活性的最新研究进展情况。对目前工业化采用的生产方法及技术特点进行了具体的阐述和对比总结,如从水产品的废弃物、雨生红球藻和红发夫酵母中提取,而雨生红球藻是自然界中天然虾青素含量最高的生物来源;介绍了虾青素的诸多生物活性及应用概况,如抗氧化、抗炎抗感染、抗肿瘤、抗疲劳、预防骨质疏松的作用等。随着对虾青素药理毒理活性的进一步研究,虾青素不仅用作珍贵水产动物养殖的饵料添加剂,在食品、药品、化妆品和高级营养保健品等领域也将得到广泛的应用,具有巨大的市场潜力。对利用雨生红球藻生产天然虾青素的机制、现状进行总结及展望,对进一步研究雨生红球藻具有深远的意义。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Protein and amino acid composition from the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris exposed to prolonged starvation

Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg^?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg^?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg^?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

美人鱼发光杆菌对凡纳滨对虾非特异性 免疫功能及抗病力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加0.1%和1%美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌、0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌配制成3种免疫实验饲料,以基础饲料为空白对照组饲料,每组设3个平行样。对个体质量为(4.83±0.36)g的凡纳滨对虾进行为期20 d的饲养实验,分别在0、5、10、15和20d进行取样,以血清中的酚氧化酶(PO)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(UL)活性为免疫指标,探讨了美人鱼发光杆菌作为免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的影响;在投喂免疫饲料后的第22天,按0.004 2 kg/kg体重的剂量,直接投喂对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)病料,并记录累积死亡率。结果表明,美人鱼发光杆菌免疫实验组对凡纳滨对虾血清中PO、ACP、AKP、UL和SOD活性影响明显高于对照组,并且在饲料中添加美人鱼发光杆菌后,明显提高了对虾抵御WSSV感染的能力。其中0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌实验组的抗病毒感染能力最强,WSSV感染14d内累计死亡率为63.3%±5.8%;而对照组为96.7%±3.3%。研究表明,美人鱼发光杆菌添加在对虾饲料中能提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫水平,增强抵抗疾病的能力,将其作为对虾免疫增强剂具有良好的应用前景。     

Effects of Spirulina platensis as a feed additive on growth and coloration of blue dolphin cichlids (Cyrtocara moorii Boulunger, 1902)

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal with dietary Spirulina as a feed supplement on the growth performance and coloration of blue dolphin cichlids (Cyrtocara moorii). Five isonitrogenous (47% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.36 kJ/g digestible energy) diets were for formulated to replace FM with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% Spirulina (designated as Control, SP5, SP10, SP15 and SP20 respectively) and fed to the fish (initial body weight, 3.15 ± 0.01 g). Fish were randomly distributed into fifteen 120 L aquariums (26.5 ± 1.00°C), 15 fish per aquarium. The diets were tested in triplicate for 12 weeks. Experimental groups were fed twice daily (09:00 and 17:00) by hand to satiation. At the end of the feeding trial, significantly (p < 0.05) higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in fish fed the SP10 diet when compared to the SP20 diet. There was no significant difference in these parameters between the other groups. The skin coloration of blue dolphin cichlid fed a diet containing Spirulina meal was enhanced. The best coloration was observed in the SP15 group. These impressions were objectively validated by chemical determinations of carotenoids extracted from fish skins and passed statistical tests of significance. The study findings show that Spirulina meal does not diminish growth rates except at very high levels.     

Dietary thiamin and pyridoxine requirements of fingerling Indian major carp,Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)

Two experiments were conducted to quantify the dietary thiamin (experiment I) and pyridoxine (experiment II) requirements of fingerling Cirrhinus mrigala for 16 weeks. In experiment I, dietary thiamin requirement was determined by feeding seven casein–gelatin‐based diets (400 g kg^?1 CP; 18.69 kJ g^?1 GE) with graded levels of thiamin (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg kg^?1 diet) to triplicate groups of fish (6.15 ± 0.37 cm; 1.89 ± 0.12 g). Fish fed diet with 2 mg kg^?1 thiamin had highest specific growth rate (SGR), protein retention (PR), RNA/DNA ratio, haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), RBCs and best feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, highest liver thiamin concentration was recorded in fish fed 4 mg thiamin kg^?1 diet. Broken‐line analysis of SGR, PR and liver thiamin concentrations exhibited the thiamin requirement in the range of 1.79–3.34 mg kg^?1 diet (0.096–0.179 μg thiamin kJ^?1 gross energy). In experiment II, six casein–gelatin‐based diets (400 g kg^?1 CP; 18.69 kJ g^?1 GE) containing graded levels of pyridoxine (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg kg^?1 diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fish (6.35 ± 0.37 cm; 1.97 ± 0.12 g). Fish fed diet containing 6 mg kg^?1 pyridoxine showed best SGR, FCR, PR, RNA/DNA ratio, Hb, Hct and RBCs, whereas maximum liver pyridoxine concentration was recorded in fish fed 8 mg kg^?1 dietary pyridoxine. Broken‐line analysis of SGR, PR and liver pyridoxine concentrations reflected the pyridoxine requirement from 5.63 to 8.61 mg kg^?1 diet. Data generated during this study would be useful in formulating thiamin‐ and pyridoxine‐balanced feeds for the intensive culture of this fish.     

Sea bream culture in Egypt; status, constraints and potential

Marine fish farming in Egypt began in 1976 with the culture of gilthead sea bream, (Sparus aurata) as this fish was notably adaptable to brackish and marine pond conditions. Today, marine fish and shrimp farms amount to about 19,000 ha, out of which 42% is already in production while the rest, i.e., 58% is still under construction. In 1997, cultured gilthead sea bream production of 2,250 tons made up 3% of the 75,000 tons total aquaculture catch. In polyculture, usually with the grey mullet and sea bass, gilthead sea bream contributed 440 kg ha^–1 to the total yield of 1,700 kg ha^–1 (26%) over a period of 16 months. For the same period, the yield of monoculture ponds averaged 100 kg ha^–1, while in marine cages, yields ranged from 4–10 kg m³. In 1996–1997, fry of 0.25–1 g and fingerlings 1–10 g with a total of 3 million, were collected from the wild and 1 million fry were produced in the three marine hatcheries out of the four existing ones. The development of sea bream culture in Egypt is now severely inhibited by the shortage of seeds and adequate feeds. Exports of both sea bream and sea bass, during 1994–1996 averaged 1,300 tons per year.     

A Minchinia mercenariae‐like parasite infects cockles Cerastoderma edule in Galicia (NW Spain)

The cockle Cerastoderma edule fishery has traditionally been the most important shellfish species in terms of biomass in Galicia (NW Spain). In the course of a survey of the histopathological conditions affecting this species in the Ria of Arousa, a haplosporidan parasite that had not been observed in Galicia was detected in one of the most productive cockle beds of Galicia. Uni‐ and binucleate cells and multinucleate plasmodia were observed in the connective tissue mainly in the digestive area, gills and gonad. The parasite showed low prevalence, and it was not associated with abnormal cockle mortality. Molecular identification showed that this parasite was closely related to the haplosporidan Minchinia mercenariae that had been reported infecting hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria from the Atlantic coast of the United States. The molecular characterization of its SSU rDNA region allowed obtaining a fragment of 1,796 bp showing 98% homology with M. mercenariae parasite. Phylogenetic analysis supported this identification as this parasite was clustered in the same clade as M. mercenariae from the United States and other M. mercenariae‐like sequences from the UK, with bootstrap value of 99%. The occurrence of M. mercenariae‐like parasites infecting molluscs outside the United States is confirmed.     

Involvement of gonadal steroids in final oocyte maturation of white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops): in vivo and in vitro studies

Plasma estradiol-17 (E₂), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E₂ and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E₂ and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.