共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
采用静水清滤法,对合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)稚贝和大珠母贝(P.maxima)稚贝的摄食节律进行研究,旨在为珍珠贝岸基养殖时的科学投喂和管理提供参考。试验所用合浦珠母贝稚贝壳长(2.49±0.11)cm,大珠母贝稚贝壳长(2.14±0.16)cm。试验所用海水pH 7.79、盐度33.1、水温24~26 ℃,饵料为扁藻。通过测定0:00、3:00、6:00、9:00、12:00、15:00、18:00、21:00这8个时间点的摄食率,得到昼夜摄食节律。结果表明:除6:00~9:00时间段合浦珠母贝比大珠母贝摄食多外,其余时间段大珠母贝的摄食率均大于合浦珠母贝;大珠母贝一天的摄食总量显著高于合浦珠母贝的摄食总量。合浦珠母贝稚贝与大珠母贝稚贝的昼夜摄食节律相似,在0:00时摄食率最高,在6:00时摄食率最低,没有明显的昼夜摄食节律。 相似文献
2.
3.
利用静水清滤法研究了盐度和温度对大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima)与合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)稚贝滤水率和摄食率的影响。试验分为4组,大1组:大珠母贝壳长(1.02±0.07)cm,大2组:大珠母贝壳长(2.94±0.17)cm;合1组:合浦珠母贝壳长(1.15±0.21)cm、合2组:合浦珠母贝壳长(3.08±0.36)cm。结果表明,随着盐度或温度的增加,4个组的滤水率和摄食率均先升高,到达最大值后又降低;其中,大1组在盐度27有最大滤水率(0.274±0.079) L/h,合1组在盐度30有最大滤水率(0.325±0.011) L/h,二者无显著性差异(P>0.05),大2组与合2组均在盐度33时有最大滤水率,分别为(0.660±0.027)L/h,(0.329±0.021)L/h,二者有显著性差异(P<0.05)。大珠母贝稚贝在盐度30时摄食率最大,合浦珠母贝在盐度33时摄食率最大,二者有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两种稚贝在26℃时,滤水率和摄食率达到最大值,二者的最大滤水率之间或最大摄食率之间均有显著性差异(P<0.05);随着贝体生长,大珠母贝的滤水率和摄食率显著高于合浦珠母贝,因此饵料需求量也更大;饵料不足可能是大珠母贝稚贝死亡的重要因素。 相似文献
4.
《水生态学杂志》2014,(3)
利用静水清滤法研究了盐度与温度对大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima)和合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)稚贝滤水率及摄食率的影响。试验分为4组,大1组:大珠母贝壳长(1.02±0.07)cm,大2组:大珠母贝壳长(2.94±0.17)cm;合1组:合浦珠母贝壳长(1.15±0.21)cm、合2组:合浦珠母贝壳长(3.08±0.36)cm。结果表明,随着盐度或温度的增加,4个组的滤水率和摄食率均先升高,到达最大值后又降低;其中,大1组在盐度27有最大滤水率(0.274±0.079)L/h,合1组在盐度30有最大滤水率(0.325±0.011)L/h,二者无显著性差异(P0.05),大2组与合2组均在盐度33时有最大滤水率,分别为(0.660±0.027)L/h和(0.329±0.021)L/h,二者有显著性差异(P0.05)。大珠母贝稚贝在盐度30时摄食率最大,合浦珠母贝在盐度33时摄食率最大,二者有显著性差异(P0.05)。2种稚贝在26℃时,滤水率和摄食率达到最大值,二者的最大滤水率和最大摄食率之间均有显著性差异(P0.05);随着贝体生长,大珠母贝的滤水率和摄食率显著高于合浦珠母贝,因此饵料需求量也更大;饵料不足可能是大珠母贝稚贝死亡的重要因素。 相似文献
5.
6.
合浦珠母贝对不同种类及浓度的单胞藻摄食与消化效果研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从单胞藻粒径大小、表面结构、生化组成及饵料浓度等角度开展了合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)对不同种类及浓度的单胞藻摄食与消化效果研究。投喂粒径大小相近的牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)和湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)混合藻,粒径大小不同的亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)和海水小球藻(Marine chlorella)混合藻,用细胞计数法检测剩余混合藻中各单胞藻浓度。分别投喂以上4种不同浓度梯度的单胞藻,观察比较粪便中单胞藻消化状况。结果显示,合浦珠母贝对粒径大小相近的单胞藻没有表现出明显的选择性摄食(P0.05),对粒径较大的单胞藻摄食率明显高于粒径较小的单胞藻(P0.05);随着投喂单胞藻浓度的升高,合浦珠母贝对单胞藻的消化程度降低。 相似文献
7.
通过鳄龟在水泥池的适应性试验,掌握种龟的生活习性以及对新养殖环境的适应性需求;投喂各种适口饵料,诱导种龟开口摄食;驯养种龟,使之摄食人工配合饵料,经3个月的试验,鳄龟全部转为摄食人工配合饵料,成活率达89.3%。 相似文献
8.
9.
11.
Thomas W. O. Staessen Marc C. J. Verdegem Johan W. Schrama 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2021,27(1):129-141
Time‐related changes in apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) and faecal bile acid loss as affected by dietary fat level and non‐starch polysaccharide (NSP) level were studied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Low‐Fat versus High‐Fat and Low‐NSP versus High‐NSP diets were formulated. Fish were fed for 6 weeks to apparent satiation and faeces were sampled in week 2, 4 and 6. Most nutrient ADC increased with time and increases were consistently larger for the High‐Fat and High‐NSP diets. Nevertheless, time of adaptation was equal between diets/nutrients and steady‐state digestion was reached at week 3. Although faecal bile acid loss was affected by diet, the observed time‐related decrease in faecal bile acid loss was mainly driven by a decrease in feed intake and faeces production. Fat ADC improved over time regardless of NSP level, which does not support the hypothesis that enhanced faecal bile acid loss (related to satiation feeding of high‐NSP diets) causes a depletion of the total body bile acid pool size that is critical for proper fat digestion. The high‐fat diets consistently resulted in the lowest Fat ADC, which might have been related to a lower availability of bile acids relative to the level of dietary fat. 相似文献
12.
Ståle Refstie Brett Glencross Thor Landsverk Mette Sørensen Einar Lilleeng Wayne Hawkins Åshild Krogdahl 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(4):1382-1395
This study assessed the effects of yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) and narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius) kernel meals and protein concentrates on the gastrointestinal integrity, capacity for digestive hydrolysis, and digestibility of nutrients in Atlantic salmon. A basal diet (FM) was made from fish meal, wheat, and fish oil. Six additional diets were formulated by replacing 30% of the FM diet with lupin kernel meal made from L. l. cv. Wodjil (LKM), L. a. cv. Belara (BKM), and L. a. cv. Myallie (MKM), lupin protein concentrates made from the same L. l. (LPC) and L. a. cv. M (MPC), or extracted soybean meal (SBM). All diets were extruded. Each diet was fed to three groups of 176 g salmon kept in 1 m2 tanks with 5.6 °C saltwater for 3 weeks prior to sampling of blood, intestinal organs, digesta, and faeces. Inclusion of lupin meals in the diets resulted in harder and more condensed feed particles. Ulcer-like lesions were observed in the stomach of fish from all feeding groups, and this was worsened by lupin in the diet, but did not appear to be pellet hardness related. No consistent altered morphology was observed in the distal intestine (DI) of fish fed the FM and lupin diets, while the DI of fish fed SBM showed consistent and typical soybean meal-induced pathomorphological changes. Plasma cholesterol was higher when feeding MKM and LKM than when feeding FM, MPC, and LPC, with intermediate levels when feeding BKM and SBM. Feeding LKM and LPC resulted in a higher weight of the GIT when related to body weight. Trypsin activity and bile acid concentration were generally higher in digesta from the pyloric (PI) and mid (MI) intestine when feeding FM and lupin diets than when feeding SBM, while the opposite was seen for trypsin activity in digesta from DI. There were no effects of diet on leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and maltase activity in PI and MI, but in DI the activity of these brush border enzymes were significantly lowered when feeding SBM. SBM in the diet resulted in watery faeces and lowered apparent digestibility of lipid, but this was not observed when feeding the lupin diets. To conclude, the tested lupin kernel meals and protein concentrates did not alter the intestinal function in Atlantic salmon when included at 30% of the diet. Dietary lupin was, however, involved in the worsening of ulcer-like gastric lesions. 相似文献
13.
Thomas W. O. Staessen Marc C. J. Verdegem Paraskevi Koletsi Johan W. Schrama 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(3):1170-1181
This study investigated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) if diet composition and feeding level affect faecal bile acid loss, and whether this reflects on the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of fat. Six diets were formulated with either fishmeal or plant protein as main protein source. This created a contrast in the supply of bile acids, the bile acid precursor cholesterol, taurine and the taurine precursors (methionine + cysteine) involved in bile acid conjugation. For both protein sources, three diets were formulated with increasing inclusion of a non‐starch polysaccharide (NSP)‐rich ingredient mixture (0.0, 82.0 and 164.2 g/kg diet). This aimed at enhancing faecal bile acid loss. Fish were fed both restrictively (1.2% BW/day) and to satiation. A similar fat ADC was found when substituting fishmeal with a plant protein mixture, suggesting that the lower content of bile acids, cholesterol, taurine, methionine and cysteine in the plant‐based diets did not limit fat digestion. Faecal bile acid loss increased alongside dietary NSP level, however, only during satiation feeding and most strongly for fish fed the fishmeal‐based diets. Enhanced faecal bile acid loss was not caused by NSP‐bile acid binding/entrapment, but by an increase in faeces production. During satiation feeding, fat ADC negatively correlated with faecal bile acid loss. From this it is concluded that bile acid availability/synthesis can become limiting for fat digestion in rainbow trout under conditions that enhance faecal bile acid loss (i.e. dietary NSP level and feeding level). 相似文献
14.
The replacement of fish meal with Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba in diets for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R.E. OLSEN J. SUONTAMA E. LANGMYHR H. MUNDHEIM E. RINGØ W. MELLE M.K. MALDE & G.-I. HEMRE 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2006,12(4):280-290
A total of six isoprotein and isolipid diets for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., were prepared substituting from 0 to 100% of fish meal protein (0–68% of diet by dry weight) with meal from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The feed produced from high inclusion levels of krill meal had lower ability to absorb lipid during vacuum coating than fish meal. Both amino acid and fatty acid compositions of the diets were fairly similar. The experiment commenced using salmon averaging 500 g and ended at a mean weight of 1500–1800 g (140 days of feeding). Moderate amounts of krill meal (20–60% of krill protein) in the diets increased growth during the first 71 days of feeding compared with the fish meal control, while no growth difference was observed during the last 69 days of feeding. This may, at least in parts, be explained by a feed‐attractant function of the krill meal. Muscle dry weight and lipid concentrations were unaffected by the diet. Feed conversion rate increased with high levels of krill meal in the diets (e.g. for the last period from 0.94 in the 0% diet to 1.26 in the 100% diet). This indicates that the fish were able to compensate by eating more to maintain growth. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein were not influenced by diet, but both faecal moisture and lipid had a tendency to increase at the highest inclusion level (all protein from krill meal). This may be related to chitin in the krill diet that is known to decrease lipid absorption and induce diarrhoea (increased water content in faeces). Chitin was not utilized to any major extent. Welfare parameters such as blood haemoglobin, red blood cell counts, plasma protein, cholesterol, triacylglycerols and glucose levels were unaffected by diets. Clinical indicators of cellular damage (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were similar indicating no diet‐induced tissue damage during the trial. 相似文献
15.
The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of a feeding stimulant on feeding adaptation of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch) fed diets with replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal (MBM), and whether or not the juvenile gibel carp could adapt to higher MBM level in the diet. Juvenile and adult gibel carp were tested. Two and one replacement levels were used for juvenile and adult fish respectively. Each group of diets was set as two types with or without a unique rare earth oxide: Y2O3, Yb2O3, La2O3, Sm2O3, Nd2O3 or Gd2O3 (only the first four rare earth oxides were used in adult diets) for four adaptation periods of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days respectively. After mixing, an equal mixture of all six diets for juvenile or four diets for adult was offered in excess for 2 days. During the last 2 days of each experiment, no feed was offered and faeces from each tank were collected. Feeding preference was expressed as relative feed intake of each diet, which was estimated based on the relative concentration of each marker in the faeces. Given some adaptation period, such as 3–28 days, the effects of MBM and squid extract inclusion on the preference to each diet were reduced. After 28 days adaptation, the preferences between groups were not significantly different. 相似文献
16.
To fill in the gaps in knowledge as to how individual sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus behave consuming eukaryotic food sources in natural environments, eukaryotic communities in the faeces of sea cucumbers and sediments were analysed through one whole year based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the organelle genomes. A total of 390 eukaryotic features were obtained, and 99.7% of the features were assigned to chloroplasts. The eukaryotic communities in faeces and sediments showed seasonal fluctuations through one whole year based on Bray‐Curtis distance and community composition. Comparison of eukaryotic communities between faeces and sediments showed that 12 families including Chaetocerotaceae and Laminariaceae were more abundant in faeces than in sediments, suggesting that sea cucumbers may choose sediment containing these algal taxa more often compared with others in natural environments. All features of Laminariaceae were assigned to Saccharina japonica, which is consistent with the fact that this alga is one of the most suitable diets in the aquaculture of A. japonicus. Assessments of individual 16S amplicon sequences of both faecal and sediment samples could be an alternative tool to help us understand dynamic feeding behaviours of sea cucumber populations in contributing to bioresource conservation and development of a superior approach to aquaculture. 相似文献
17.
Ebtehal El‐Sayed Hussein Konrad Dabrowski Deyab Mohammed Saad Deyab El‐Saidy Bong‐Joo Lee 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(9):1533-1544
This research involved testing the replacement of corn gluten protein concentrate in the diet of 1.5 g Nile tilapia with biofuel algae‐based or algae supplemented with phosphorus diets. Experimental diets were formulated to replace 50% of the gluten meal protein in the control diet with biofuel algae protein (Alga50) or Spirulina (Spirulina50) protein. In addition, dicalcium phosphate (P) was added to the Alga50 at a concentration of 3.8% or 7.74% to mitigate aluminium (Al) toxicity and designated as Alga50 + P, and Alga50 + PP respectively. After 9 weeks of the feeding experiment, fish fed diets supplemented with P, Alga50 + P and Alga50 + PP differed significantly (P < 0.05) with respect to the feed conversion and protein deposition from the control. The mineral composition of the fish body showed a decrease in levels of Al and iron (Fe) due to the P supplements. The mineral composition of the faeces indicated that Al and Fe were excreted in the faeces and were not accumulated in the fish body. The effect of dicalcium P supplementation on the neutralization of Al in the diet resulted in improved fish growth and histological integrity of the gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
18.
19.
中草药具有增强机体免疫、抗氧化和抗疲劳等作用。在水温23℃下,给饲养在水族箱中平均体质量85.88±2.45g的鲤(Cyprinus carpio L)投喂添加了复方中草药AB(由甘草等组成)、CD(由茵陈、板蓝根等组成)的配合饲料和一个对照组,连续饲喂28d后,停食一天,采集实验鱼血清和组织(肝胰脏、脾、鳃)样本,测定溶菌酶含量。结果显示,29d时,CD组血清及各组织溶菌酶含量均与对照组有明显差异(P〈0.05),AB组除肝胰脏组织外,血清和其余组织中的溶菌本科含量也和对照有显著性差异(P〈0.05),但两种中草药之间溶菌本科含量除肝胰脏组织外无显著差异(P〉0.05)。提示这两种复方中药均有不同程度促进鱼类免疫力的作用。 相似文献
20.
Abdolsamad K Amirkolaie Jascha I Leenhouwers Johan A J Verreth & Johan W Schrama 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(12):1157-1166
The physico‐chemical properties of nutrients influence the physical characteristics of faeces and thus may affect waste removal efficiency. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of type of non‐starch polysaccharide (NSP) on digesta viscosity, faeces recovery and nutrient digestibility in Nile tilapia. Insoluble (cellulose) and soluble (guar gum) NSPs were included separately and combined at a level of 8%, thereby formulating four experimental diets. The diets were assigned to 16 tanks with 35 fish each, with four replicates for each diet. Cellulose inclusion did not influence digesta viscosity, growth and digestibility of protein and starch and tended to increase faeces recovery (P=0.06). Guar gum inclusion increased digesta viscosity and reduced the growth and digestibility of protein, fat and starch (P<0.01). Faeces recovery was reduced by 42% in diets containing guar gum. There were interaction effects (P<0.05) between cellulose and guar gum for the growth and feed conversion ratio, indicating that cellulose alleviated the negative impact of guar gum. In conclusion, dietary soluble NSPs increase organic matter load in the culture system through a reduction in faeces recovery and nutrient digestibility, whereas insoluble NSPs improve the removal efficiency of particles by increasing faeces recovery. 相似文献