浅析渔业科技档案的管理

我国海洋辽阔,渔业生物资源丰富,为渔业开发和渔业科学研究提供了物质基础.我国渔业历史悠久,尤其在新中国成立以后发展十分迅速,同时国家及各省、区及各地、市都相继设立了相关渔业(水产)研究院、所.在渔业和渔业科研发展过程中积累了许许多多的渔业科研档案资料,这些档案资料为渔业持续、科学发展创建了广阔平台.因此,提高渔业科教档案的管理水平至关重要.本文就如何搞好渔业科技档案现代化管理工作,提出若干管理建议供业界参考.     

湖北梁子湖地区渔业经济发展模式的研究

梁子湖优越的地理位置、独具特色的水产品资源和悠久的渔业文化是形成渔业经济的重要基础.在分析梁子湖地区渔业经济发展现状的基础上,提出了梁子湖渔业物流、休闲渔业和渔业信息联动的渔业经济发展模式并进行了相应的分析.认为以渔业为基础,大力发展渔业物流服务,以休闲渔业为新的经济增长点,以渔业信息为纽带是梁子湖地区渔业经济发展的合理模式.     

浅谈东莞市休闲渔业发展

一、什么是休闲渔业 　　休闲渔业(Leisure fisheries)是指人们劳逸结合的渔业方式.中国台湾省经济学家江荣吉教授给休闲渔业概况了这样一个定义:“休闲渔业就是利用渔村设备、渔村空间、渔业生产的场地、渔法渔具、渔业产品、渔业经营活动、自然生物、渔业自然环境及渔村人文资源、经过规划设计,以发挥渔业于渔村休闲旅游功能,增进国人对渔村与渔业之体验,提升旅游品质,并提高渔民收益,促进渔村发展.“换句话来说,休闲渔业就是利用人们的休闲时间、空间来充实渔业的内容和发展空间的产业.这种定义在中国大陆得到普遍认可,现已成为当前国内各地渔业旅游发展的代名词.……     

台湾渔业近况及发展趋势

台湾渔业历史悠久,发展水平相对较高.本文在全面综述近年来台湾渔业相关文献资料的基础上,着重介绍了台湾的渔业发展现状,包括渔业类型、产业技术水平、休闲渔业发展概况及两岸渔业合作和展望等.文章同时分析了台湾渔业发展过程中出现的问题,并指出对其有效的改进手段.本文相关内容可以为我国渔业的发展提供一定的借鉴作用.     

完善制度健全机制增加投入强化管理全面提高渔业安全生产管理工作水平——平安渔业示范县创建活动工作总结(六)

内蒙古莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗 一、高度重视.制定平安渔业示范县创建方案,成立创建领导小组,并专门召开了动员大会,安排部署平安渔业现创建工作. 二、明确责任.旗人民政府将渔业安全生产考核指标纳入政府工作考核内容.认真落实政府、渔业行政主管部门"一岗双责制",建立了旗、乡镇、村渔业安全生产层级考核体系,制定完善了各项渔业安全生产责任制、渔业安全生产规章制度,与渔业生产经营单位、个人、渔船签订渔业安全生产责任书达到100％.     

潮北省渔业结构调整与渔业产出关系分析

一、渔业生产条件 1.渔业人口.2004年,湖北省渔业乡30个,渔业村420个,渔业户455575户,渔业人口1644555人,渔业专业劳动力699049人,兼业劳动力289502人.在渔业专业劳动力中,捕捞劳动力、养殖劳动力、后勤分别占10.09%,85.98%、3.93%.与1990年相比,渔业人口增加了132.10%,渔业专业劳动力增加了109.27%,渔业兼业劳动力减少了19.92%.专业劳动力比例增加,兼业劳动力比例减少,表明湖北省渔业生产的专业化程度不断提高.     

国外休闲渔业研究及对我国的启示

一.国外休闲渔业研究背景 休闲渔业最早源自拉丁美洲的加勒比海地区,20世纪80年代以后,休闲渔业在各国逐渐发展起来,特别是在一些发达国家,休闲渔业走上了规范化发展的轨道.休闲渔业在调整渔业产业结构、保护渔业资源、促进渔民增收等方面发挥了显著的作用.     

浅谈渔业资源的增殖与管理

<正> 世界渔业发展的历史与当今渔业发展的趋势说明,开发增殖型渔业,是社会发展的必然,是时代的产物.增殖型渔业在整个渔业发展史上具有划时代的意义,不仅对日本等渔业发达国家如此,对我国以及世界其他国家也同样如此.增殖渔业不仅标志着未来海洋渔业发展的方向,而且对于发展江河、湖泊、水库等内陆大中型水面的渔业也具有重要意义.     

北部湾休闲渔业发展现状问题及对策

北部湾休闲渔业有别于内陆休闲渔业,依靠近海资源,利用休闲渔船从事垂钓、捕捞、采集等与渔业相关的休闲活动.本文通过对北部湾休闲渔业发展现状、存在问题进行研究,探索北部湾休闲渔业发展新途径.     

设施渔业--渔业现代化的必由之路

当前,我国渔业发展进入了一个关键时期.随着渔业外部大环境和宏观经济形势的不断调整变化,渔业发展正面临资源、市场、机制、观念等多种因素的交叉制约,其原有的强势特征开始弱化,发展的速度相对减缓,而设施渔业作为一种新的生产方式在渔业结构调整中的蓬勃发展,已成为渔业经济增长中一个新"亮点".设施渔业优势特征适应了渔业新阶段发展要求,具有很强的产业生命力和广阔的发展前景.它无疑是我国实现渔业现代化的必由之路.     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

头足类耳石微化学研究进展

耳石是位于平衡囊内起平衡作用的一对钙化组织,它是头足类的加速度感应器,记录其生命周期内的生物和生态信息。随着鱼类耳石微化学研究及应用的日趋成熟与完善,头足类耳石的相应研究也逐渐兴起。目前头足类耳石微化学的研究内容主要包括无机和有机大分子、微量元素、同位素、微化学标记等方面,其中微量元素是应用研究的重点,在头足类种群识别、生活史分析及栖息环境重建等方面发挥了重要作用。分析认为,头足类微量元素在与栖息环境尤其水温关系的研究中取得了很好的结果,被认为是测定头足类生活水温的温度计。然而,涉及种群识别、生活史分析以及与盐度和食物关系的研究还不够充分,且多集中于Sr/Ca的研究。因此,建议在今后的研究中要综合多种研究方法按时间和空间序列从日轮水平分析多种微量元素的含量与变化。     

不同品系盐生杜氏藻培养技术的研究

4种不同品系盐生杜氏藻培养结果表明：常温下,A33是最适宜培养的藻种,经4天培养,藻细胞密度可达到114×104cell／ml,细胞生长率达到0．369;其次是A23、A140、A5藻种,细胞生长率分别为0．317、0．314、0．234。控温条件下,4种品系杜氏藻细胞生长速度明显增高,是常温条件下的1．2倍。     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

牙鲆刺激隐核虫病的防治

2005年七、八月份,乐亭、滦南一带多家工厂化牙鲆养殖场发生刺激隐核虫病,此种病虫害发病急、传染快、死亡率高。发生过该病的养殖场牙鲆死亡率一般都在50％～80％之间,这种病害给牙鲆养殖业带来很大损失。