罗非鱼重要疫病防控技术方案

正罗非鱼是世界范围内水产养殖最为广泛的优良品种之一。链球菌病是我国罗非鱼养殖过程中最为严重的细菌性病害,其发病率和死亡率可高达90%以上,给罗非鱼养殖带来极大的风险。为做好2016年罗非鱼链球菌病的防控工作,农业部特制定了2016罗非鱼重要疫病防控技术方案。一、防控目标链球菌病预防率达到70%以上,绿色防控技术应用面达到60%以上,降低链球菌病危害损失。二、防控策略     

猪附红细胞体病并发链球菌病的诊治

猪附红细胞体病与链球菌病均为生猪饲养过程中较为常见的疾病,二者一旦发生混合型感染常给养猪者带来诊疗的难度,并极易会发生较大的死亡,引起不小的经济损失。因此加强对该类疾病的有效的防控与治疗工作变得十分必要。对一起混合型的病例做一介绍,旨在提高对该类疾病的防控水平。     

一例猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型感染的诊治

从发病情况、症状及剖检病变、实验室诊断、治疗和分析等方面介绍一例猪圆环病毒2型感染,为猪圆环病毒2型感染的防控提供参考。     

陕西省当前猪病发生特点、流行趋势及防控对策

目前陕西省养猪业发展迅速,但是由于对猪病缺乏有效的防控手段,致使猪病种类繁多难以控制,给陕西养猪业造成重大的经济损失。从陕西省常见猪病的分类、猪病的流行现状、猪病流行的原因分析、猪病防控对策等4个方面综述了陕西省当前猪病防控存在的问题及如何控制猪病的发生,为陕西省猪病的防控提供参考资料。     

夏季猪链球菌病及弓形虫病的流行特点及防制措施

近年来,随着养猪户规模的扩大,一些养猪户由于缺乏饲养管理技术,使得夏季猪患病增多,最为明显的就是猪的链球菌病和弓形体病,并出现了一些新的流行特点和变化,给广大养猪户造成了一定的经济损失,也为兽医技术人员对猪病的诊断、防治增加了一些困难,在预防与治疗时应加以区分。下面笔者就这二种病分别作一简述,希望能给广大养猪户带来一些启示。1猪链球菌病1.1病因链球菌病是由多种链球菌感染所引起的疾病,包括猪败血性链球菌病和猪淋巴结脓肿。本病急性常发生于出血性败血症和脑炎;慢性以关节炎,心内膜炎,化脓性淋巴结炎及组织化脓等为特征…     

原平市副猪嗜血杆菌病原分离鉴定及耐药性研究

试验对疑似副猪嗜血杆菌病死猪进行病理剖检和无菌病料采集,并通过细菌分离培养、生化鉴定、病理组织学观察、细菌致病性动物回归试验和药敏试验,证实该病为副猪嗜血杆菌感染引起,病理组织学观察表明病猪主要表现为急性败血症和多发性浆膜炎;并根据药敏试验结果提出相应的治疗方案,为该病的防控提供技术支持。     

罗非鱼链球菌病研究进展

链球菌（Streptococcus spp．）是一种广泛分布于自然界的革兰氏阳性菌，是人类的重要病原之一，也是其他多种脊椎动物包括猪、牛、鱼等的重要病原菌。目前已有多个国家报道了鱼类链球菌病的暴发与流行，受感染的鱼类包括多种海水和淡水鱼类，以温水性鱼类最为严重。近年中国罗非鱼链球菌感染的报道也呈现增加趋势，尤其在2009年，广东、海南、福建和广西地区养殖罗非鱼的链球病发病率为20％～50％，死亡率达50％～70％，甚至更高。链球菌病已严重危害着中国罗非鱼养殖业的健康发展。文章对罗非鱼链球菌病的病原、流行及防治方法作一综述，以期为今后开展罗非鱼链球菌病防控研究提供参考。     

罗非鱼链球菌病疫苗的研究进展

通过提高鱼体自身免疫力的免疫预防是防控罗非鱼链球菌病的重要对策,其中新型高效疫苗的研制将是罗非鱼链球菌病预防的主要发展方向。目前在研的罗非鱼链球菌病疫苗有灭活疫苗、减毒疫苗、亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、被动免疫疫苗等多种形式。而疫苗的接种途径、佐剂、鱼体状态和环境因素等对疫苗的效果有重要影响。文章对罗非鱼链球菌病疫苗的研究现状做一综述,以期为该疫苗的设计和应用提供科学对策。     

罗非鱼链球菌病的防控

简要介绍了罗非鱼链球菌病的病原、发生时间、症状及危害,总结了罗非鱼链球菌病的几种防控措施.     

控制好猪瘟才能控制“高热病”

“猪高热病”是由高致病性蓝耳变异毒株引起，并引发猪瘟、圆环病毒Ⅱ型感染。喘气病、链球菌病、副猪嗜血杆菌病等疲病原发或继发感染的综合性疾病，很多发病及死亡的猪只是因猪瘟的感染或一些细菌疾病的继发感染造成。如果把猪高致病性蓝耳病看作是猪高热病的祸首，那么猪瘟就是罪魁，圆环病毒Ⅱ型感染就是帮凶．其它病原的原发或继发感染就扮演了乘虚而入、     

Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis isolated from cultured tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in Taiwan

Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis is a causative agent of systemic granulomatous disease in tilapia. The present study was designed to understand the genetic and phenotypic diversities among Taiwanese Fno isolates obtained from tilapia (n = 17) and green Texas cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus) (n = 1). The enzymatic profiles of the isolates were studied using the API ZYM system. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the 16S rRNA and housekeeping gene and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were carried out to determine the genotypic characters of all isolates. The phylogenetic tree showed similarity of 99%–100% nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes compared to the Fno references genes from GenBank database. Comparatively, the results revealed an identical profile of enzymatic and PFGE pattern which was distincted from that of F. philomiragia. To understand the pathogenicity, the isolates were intraperitoneal injected to tilapia the gross lesions were observed concomitant with natural outbreak. Median lethal dose upon Nile tilapia and red tilapia were 9.06 × 10³ CFU/fish and 2.08 × 10² CFU/fish, respectively. Thus, our data provide understanding the epidemiology of Taiwanese Fno isolates, and help in development of future control and prevention.     

广东近岸海域贝类寄生派琴虫流行病学调查研究

贝类一般在开放式海域养殖,这使得贝类病害防控工作很难开展,因此调查病原流行感染规律对贝类病原的发生、发展和防治尤为重要.文章采用常规PCR技术,调查了广东近岸6个养殖海域5种重要养殖贝类寄生派琴虫的感染情况,分析了贝类寄生派琴虫感染的时空变化情况.结果显示,共检测到2种派琴虫,其中北海派琴虫(Perkinus beih...     

患腹水病牙鲆病原菌分离、鉴定及病原菌的特性

为确定引起河北北戴河地区养殖牙鲆患腹水病死亡的病原,本实验从患腹水病牙鲆体内分离到3株优势菌,对分离株进行生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA序列比对来确定分离株的生物学地位,进一步通过毒力基因(toxR、vhhA、vhhB)鉴定及组织病理学分析其病理特征,并通过人工回感实验分析分离株毒性。结果显示,通过生理生化实验及16S rRNA序列比对,确定此次从患病牙鲆中分离到的3株菌株均为哈维氏弧菌;经鉴定,3株分离株毒力基因(toxR、vhhA、vhhB)结果均为阳性,病理组织切片结果显示,该分离株对牙鲆多器官(肠、肾脏、脾脏和肝脏)均可造成不同程度的病理损伤,呈全身性感染;人工回感实验显示,菌株BDHYPFS-Y1G对牙鲆的半致死浓度为LD50=5.88×106 CFU/mL,低于自然状态毒性;药敏实验表明,3株分离株均对呋喃妥因高度敏感。本实验确认了此次牙鲆腹水病的病原菌,并初步研究了病原菌致病性以及药物敏感性,以期为牙鲆工厂化养殖疫病防控提供科学依据。     

福建省水生动物病害防控学科发展现状与设想

本文简要介绍了福建省水生动物病害发生的种类、流行情况、产生的危害、控制现状与病害防控机构发展现状，对病害控制过程中的病原学研究、诊断技术和综合防控、病害防控学科发展存在的主要问题进行了阐述，针对学科发展提出了机制、平台、人才培养、科研规划等设想。     

鱼类粘孢子虫病的研究进展

粘孢子虫是鱼类寄生虫区系中的主要组成之一,目前国内发现６００余种,绝大多数隶属于粘孢子虫纲双壳亚纲,计有１１科２０属,其中不少种类可致严重鱼病。粘孢子虫生活史的研究是有效防治此类鱼病的关键,现已取得新的研究成果,主要表现在：（１）在鱼的血液中发现了“ＵＢＯ“,并证实是粘孢子虫的早期发育阶段;（２）某些粘孢子虫在其生活史中有中间寄主。对于粘孢子虫病的药物防治措施近年也取得了较大进展,由淡水渔业研究中     

Genotypic diversity,and molecular and pathogenic characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolated from different fish species in Taiwan

Photobacteriosis, caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), is a serious disease in marine fish species worldwide. To date, the epidemiological characterization of this pathogen in Taiwan remains limited. In this study, we collected 39 Phdp isolates obtained from different farmed fish for phenotypic and genotypic analysis. Phenotype bioassays using API-20E and API-20NE systems showed that the Phdp is a homogeneous group. However, genotyping using the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique revealed genetic variability among Phdp isolates when 13 and 11 different PFGE band patterns were obtained with SmaI and NotI as restriction enzymes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA and the Fur gene clustered Taiwanese isolates and other species of P. damselae in the same clade. In contrast, the ToxR phylogenetic tree, a powerful discriminatory marker, separated the two subspecies. Furthermore, the virulence-associated genes, AIP56, P55, PDP_0080, Sod and Irp1, were detected from all isolates. Virulence testing with nine representative isolates in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) showed that some were highly pathogenic with 80%–100% mortality rates. This study provides epidemiological data of Phdp infections in farmed fish in Taiwan, which is necessary to develop comprehensive prevention and control strategies for the disease.     

Genetic analysis of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from Scotland

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a highly contagious disease of young salmonid fish, and is one of the most serious economic diseases in aquaculture. In Scotland, an increase in IPN virus (IPNV) outbreaks in seawater Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, has been reported in recent years. The aim of this study was to analyse the VP2 gene from recent IPNV isolates from Scotland, to determine whether there are epidemiological links between IPNV isolates from farms (13), wild fish (17) and the environment (6) in order to investigate potential wild and farmed fish interactions. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene revealed that 34 of 36 isolates were 97.1-100% similar and the deduced amino acid sequences showed 97-100% identity. Two isolates from wild fish exhibited the most divergence at 85-87.3% similarity to the other isolates at the nucleotide level and 88.2-90.8% identity at the deduced amino acid level. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that 34 of 36 of the isolates from Scotland were genetically closely related to the A2 (Sp) serotype of IPNV. The two wild isolates from seatrout, Salmo trutta, and flounder, Platichthys flesus, were most closely related to the European A5 (Te) serotype. This study represents a comprehensive IPNV phylogenetic study that indicates that there are closely related or identical isolates in circulation in the marine environment, which adds evidence that disease interactions between wild and farmed fish may occur. This type of analysis is a useful tool in the management and control of fish diseases because it can assist in the identification of epidemiological links and highlight potential risks to aquaculture.     

天津地区水生养殖动物病害流行情况调查及防控对策

为掌握水生动物病害流行规律,有效控制疾病发生,减少养殖生产损失,对天津地区水生养殖动物病害流行情况进行了调查,分析了发病原因,对水生养殖动物病害流行趋势进行了预测,并提出了防控措施。     

对虾病的防治对策研究

本文报道对虾病对浙江１９９３年养殖造成的严重经济损失，虾病情调查。现场药物和水质治理的试验结果，总结研究出几条防治虾病的对策。