添加螺旋藻粉饲喂月鳢的试验

在月鳢配合饲料中添加螺旋藻粉进行养殖试验，2％添加组与对照组和3％添加组比较，个体平均日增重分别提高48．5％和40.5％，饲料系数分别降低26．7％和24．5％，差异显著；3％添加组仅比对照组个体增重提高5．7％，饲料系数降低2．8％，无明显差异。     

饲料中添加螺旋藻对凡纳滨对虾生长、体组分的影响

系统研究了饲料中添加0～5％不同水平的螺旋藻对凡纳滨对虾生长性能与体生化组成的影响。结果表明：（1）螺旋藻能促进对虾生长，提高饲料的消化利用率，以0．8％、1．5％螺旋藻添加组凡纳滨对虾生长性能较好，试验中期、末期增重率分别达到926．10％、959．78％和4382％、4353．3％，与对照组相比，虾体增重率分别提高2．82％、6．56％和3．45％、2．77％。结合饲料利用、虾体生化组分分析结果表明，饲料中添加0．8％水平螺旋藻为最佳。凡纳滨对虾肝体指数（HSI）随螺旋藻添加量的增加呈现下降趋势。（2）在1％螺旋藻添加范围内，虾体EPA含量内（Y）与螺旋藻添加量（X）呈现良好的线性关系（YEPA=2．4275X＋4．5975，R0=0．9611），在0．8％范围内螺旋藻，虾体中DHA、ARA的含量与螺旋藻添加量呈显著线性相关（yDHA=4．668X＋5．6545，R^2=0．9631；YARA=105．58X＋0．3241，R^2=0．9749）。（3）从虾体DHA、EPA和ARA含量分析，0．5％大蒜添加量与5％螺旋藻添加量的对虾体脂肪酸改善效果相当。     

长吻旎网箱养殖试验

2005年网箱培育长吻能冬片鱼种，应用5m×5m×3．5m的网箱，放养规格为3～4cm／尾的长吻鲍夏花鱼种，放养密度56～790尾／m^2，投喂粗蛋白为42％～46％的配合饲料，经7个月养殖，长吻鲍鱼种平均规格达165g／尾，成活率82．5％，单产9kg／m^2，饲料系数1．26，投入产出比1：2．04；2006年网箱养殖长吻脆商品鱼，应用5m×5m×4．5m的网箱，放养规格为133g／尾左右的长吻能冬片鱼种，放养密度32～50尾／m^2，投喂粗蛋白为42％～43％的配合饲料，经6个半月时间的养殖期，养成个体规格在0．5kg／尾以上的长吻娩商品鱼比例达86％以上，成活率82．6％～87．0％，饲料系数1．38，单产22．83～26．24kg／m^2，投入产出比1：1．59。     

盘鲍陆上工厂化养殖试验

用盘鲍(Haliotis discus)苗进行陆上工厂化饲养试验，观察其生长情况。结果表明：(1)经过22．5个月的养殖，鲍鱼的平均壳长达6cm，平均体重达29．5 g。鲍鱼在体重O．96 g(相应的壳长为2cm)前生长较慢，之后，体重增长开始加快。(2)陆上工厂化饲养有利于病害和自然灾害的防治，成活率高，可达93％以上。     

三组虹鳟鱼种饲料配方的对比试验

选配3组虹鳟鱼种饲料配方。通过网箱养殖进行了对比试验，结果表明：1^#配方饲料与2^#、3^#配方饲料有显著差异。2^#、3^#配方饲料差异不显著；1^#配方饲料含粗蛋白37．0％、粗脂肪22．3％、可消化能1．76MJ／kg，饲养鱼种平均成活率为96．85％。鱼种平均尾重167．2g，总增重931．2kg、增重12．67倍，饲料系数为1．29。建议生产上使用1^#配方饲料。     

介绍几种鱼饲料新配方

北京水产所养殖罗非鱼配合饲料配方。豆饼35％、鱼粉15％、大麦粉8．5％、麸皮30％、玉米粉5％、槐叶粉5％。饲料系数为2．03。     

黑鲍人工饲养技术

近年来，我国的鲍鱼（Haliotis discus）养殖发展很快，年产量已达600～900t。2003～2004年，福建省平潭县上井海珍品鲍鱼养殖场承担了上级下达的黑鲍（即鲍鱼）育苗和养成技术示范项目，通过精心培育和科学管理，年均培育1．5cm和0．3cm左右的黑鲍苗种各100万粒以上，年均养成3～4cm和5～6cm的商品鲍分别为30万只和50万只，成活率达80％以上，取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

一种鱼用新饲料——松针叶粉加工方法

松针叶粉营养丰富，含蛋白质8．5％，脂肪8．3％，灰分3．5％，粗纤维21．8％，无氮浸出物44．7％(其中磷O．08％，钙O．47％)，胡萝卜素含量5．7毫克／公斤。此外，松针叶粉还含有VA、VB、Vc、VD、VE等多种维生素和钠、钾、铜、钴、锌、钼等微量元素。因此松针叶粉不但可以作为配合饲料中维生素和矿物质等营养的补充成分，而且可以作为鱼类主要饲料，代替一些商品饲料。     

螺旋藻添加量对凡纳对虾EPA和DHA含量的影响

在商品凡纳对虾饲料中添加不同水平(0％、0．2％、0．5％、0．8％、1．5％、3％、5％)的螺旋藻，投喂给凡纳对虾幼虾，饲养8周后测定虾体EPA、DHA含量。在0～1．5％螺旋藻添加范围内，虾体EPA的含量(Y)与螺旋藻添加量(X)呈现良好的线性关系(YEPA=2．4275X 4．5975 R^2=0．9611)，在0～0．8％的螺旋藻添加范围内，虾体中DHA的含量与螺旋藻添加量也呈显著线性相关(YDHA=4．668X 5．6545 R^2=0．9631)。结果表明：适量添加螺旋藻可以显著改善凡纳对虾EPA和DHA在总脂肪酸中含量。     

添加中草药饲料对稚幼参的生长及成活率的影响初步研究

用豆粕粉、玉米粉、不同含量的复方中草药等多种原料混合配制成2组刺参配合饲料,对体长2．5-4．5cm,体重3．3-4．0g的稚幼参进行了为期40天的喂养实验。结果显示,配方1组刺参体长和体重的增长都显著高于未添加任何中草药的基础饲料组（ANOVA,P〈0．05）,但与刺参专用饲料差异不显著;配方2组增重率不够理想,但该组刺参的成活率达到100％,高于配方1组90％的成活率。     

Effects of Algae and Shell Pigment Extract‐supplemented Diets on Shell Pigmentation and Growth Performance of Pacific Abalone,Haliotis discus hannai

To improve shell pigmentation and growth performance of Pacific abalone, five extruded diets were prepared by supplementing a formulated control diet with 3% each of three species of algae (Pacific dulse, Porphyra yezoensis, Spirulina) and a pigment extract from the abalone shells (0.02%). Each of the five diets and a commercial feed were randomly assigned to three containers each stocked with 1000 juvenile Pacific abalone (2 g per individual) in a flow‐through seawater system for a 5‐mo feeding trial. Test results showed: (1) all the supplements significantly (P < 0.05) increased percentages of dark‐brown shelled abalone in the test treatments, relative to the control treatment; (2) the abalone fed the experimental diets achieved significantly (P < 0.05) greater final weight, shell‐length growth rates, and higher meat protein contents than those fed the commercial feed (P < 0.05); and (3) the abalone fed the Spirulina‐supplemented diet achieved the best overall growth, pigmentation performances, and feed conversion ratio; and the Pacific dulse supplement generated the highest protein content in abalone meat product (P < 0.05) among the tested diets. These results demonstrate the potential of locally made feed, which can generate desirable characteristics in abalone under aquaculture conditions.     

Effects of dietary substitution of fishmeal with the combined dry microalgae,Nannochloropsis oceanica (NO) biomass residue and casein on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus)

The effects of dietary substitution of fishmeal with the combined dry Nannochloropsis oceanica (NO) biomass residue and casein on growth performance and carcass composition of juvenile abalone was determined. One thousand two hundred and sixty juvenile abalone were randomly distributed into the 18 L plastic rectangular containers. Five experimental diets in triplicate were prepared. The 28% fishmeal was included into the control (Con) diet. The 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% fishmeal were substituted with the combination of graded levels of dry NO biomass residue and casein, referred to as the NO25, NO50, NO75 and NO100 diets respectively. Finally, the salted sea tangle (ST), Laminaria japonica was prepared to compare the effect of the experimental diets on performance of abalone. The essential amino acids, such as isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine and valine tended to increase with dietary substitution of fishmeal with NO biomass residue in the experimental diets. Arginine tended to decrease with dietary substitution of fishmeal with NO biomass residue. Survival of abalone fed the experimental diets was higher than that of abalone fed the ST diet for 16 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the NO100 diet were higher than those of abalone fed the all other diets. Weight gain and SGR of abalone linearly increased with dietary substation of fishmeal with NO. Shell length of abalone tended to increase with dietary substitution of fishmeal with the combined dry NO biomass residue and casein. The chemical composition of the soft body of abalone was different among treatments except for moisture content. In conclusion, fishmeal in the diets for abalone could be completely replaced with the combined dry NO biomass residue and casein when the 28% fishmeal was included.     

Effect of dietary substitution of sea tangle (ST), Laminaria japonica with rice bran (RB) on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus)

Dietary substitution effect of sea tangle (ST) with rice bran (RB) on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus) was determined. Juvenile abalone was acclimated to the experimental conditions for 4 weeks. Seventy juvenile abalone averaging 0.43 g were randomly distributed into each of the 18, 70 L plastic rectangular containers. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at a satiation level with a little leftover. The feeding trial lasted for 16 weeks. Survival of abalone was not affected by dietary substitution of ST with RB. However, weight gain of abalone fed the RB40 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the all other diets except for the RB0 diet. No significant difference in weight gain was found in abalone fed between the RB0 and RB100 diets. SGR of abalone fed the RB40 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the all other diets. Also SGR of abalone fed the RB0 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the RB100 diet, but not different from that of abalone fed the RB20, RB60 and RB80 diets. Moisture, crude protein and ash content of the soft body of abalone were affected by dietary substitution of ST with RB. In conclusion, the 100% ST could be substituted with RB without a retardation of weight gain of abalone when the 20% ST was included into the experimental diet. However, the best growth performance was obtained in abalone fed the RB40 diet substituting 40% ST with RB.     

Spirulina as a nutrient source in diets for growing sturgeon (Acipenser baeri)

The efficiency of diets with the inclusion of Spirulina for Siberian sturgeon weaning has been tested. Three isoproteic and isoenergetic diets were formulated with an increasing level of Indian strain Spirulina (SP 40%, SP 50% and SP 60%); the diets were tested against a control diet without microalgae. The results show that Spirulina inclusion improves growth and that an inclusion level of 50% gave the greatest growth rate, a better favourable feed conversion rate and the highest protein efficiency. The fatty acid composition of fillets showed differences between the experimental and control diets: an increase in the Spirulina level induces increases in palmitic and linoleic acids and a decrease in the myristic acid. The control diet was characterized by high levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. At the end of the experiment, statistical differences appeared in the fatty acid profile of the sturgeon fillet, mainly concerning high content of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in the sturgeon fillets. If the problems related to the high production costs are solved, Spirulina could prove a good partial substitute fish meal.     

Substitution effect of sea tangle (ST) (Laminaria japonica) with tunic of sea squirt (SS) (Halocynthia roretzi) in diet on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus,Reeve 1846)

Substitution effect of sea tangle (ST) with tunic of sea squirt (SS) in diet on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone was determined. One thousand four hundred and seventy abalones were distributed into 21 containers. Six formulated diets in triplicate were prepared. A 200 g/kg ST was included into the ST0 diet. The 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 g/kg of ST were substituted with the same amount of tunic of SS, referred to as the ST200, ST400, ST600, ST800 and ST1000 diets, respectively. Finally, Undaria was prepared to compare effect of the formulated diets on performance of abalone. The experimental diets were fed to abalone for 16 weeks. Weight gain of abalone fed the ST400 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the ST0, ST600, ST800 and ST1000 diets and Undaria. Weight gain of abalone fed the formulated diets was higher than that of abalone fed the Undaria. The chemical composition of the carcass of abalone was affected by dietary substitution of ST with tunic of SS. In conclusion, ST could be completely substituted with tunic of SS without retardation in performance of abalone. Abalone fed the ST400 diet substituting 400 g/kg ST with tunic of SS achieved the best growth.     

Effect of dietary protein:energy ratio on intake, growth and metabolism of juvenile green abalone Haliotis fulgens

Juvenile green abalone Haliotis rufescens were grown under laboratory conditions at 21±1 °C and fed formulated diets consisting of different protein:energy ratios (mg protein/kcal), 62, 74, 85, 100, 108, for 60 days. The level of crude protein ranged from approximately 26% to 44% while the energy content remained constant at about 4.1 kcal g⁻¹. Growth ranged from 3.63 to 12.33 mg day⁻¹. The growth of abalone fed the 100 and 108 diets was significantly greater than that of each of the other diets. Protein efficiency ratio increased as the dietary protein content increased except for the T108 diet (44% crude protein). Abalone apparently consume food to satisfy an energy requirement. Caloric expenditure due to metabolism was estimated for abalone fed diets with protein ratios of 62, 85, 100. Energy loss due to respiration did not vary appreciably among abalone fed the different diets. The proportional distribution of dietary energy into fecal, digestible, growth, and metabolic energy was estimated for abalone fed these diets. Apparent dry matter digestibility was among the lowest for abalone fed the 100 P:E diet, but growth of abalone fed this diet was significantly higher than that of each of the other treatments except the 108 diet. Unexplained energy loss to achieve balance ranged from 7% to 28.5%, some of which is probably due to differential mucus and ammonia production. Results suggest a potential for the reduction of both dietary protein and lipid without causing any adverse effects on the growth response.     

Growth and Body Composition Effects of Tuna Byproduct Meal Substituted for Fish Meal in the Diet of Juvenile Abalone,Haliotis discus

The effects on growth and body composition that result from tuna byproduct meal (TBM) substituted for fish meal in the diet of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus, were determined. One thousand two hundred sixty juvenile abalone were randomly distributed into 18 70‐L plastic rectangular containers. Six experimental diets were prepared in triplicate. The TBM0 diet included 28% fish meal and 13% soybean meal as the protein source. Twenty‐five, 50, 75, and 100% of the fish meal were substituted with TBM. Finally, salted sea tangle was prepared. The essential amino acids, such as isoleucine, lysine, and valine, tended to decrease with the dietary substitution of TBM for fish meal in the experimental diets. The weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone that were fed the TBM25 diet were higher than those of abalone that were fed the other diets. The crude protein content of the soft body of the abalone linearly decreased with the dietary substitution of TBM for fish meal. In conclusion, as much as 75% of the fish meal in the diet of abalone can be replaced with TBM without retardation in weight gain and SGR of the abalone when 28% fish meal was included.     

不同饵料及其组合对黑鲍幼鲍生长及存活的影响

试验研究人工配合饲料、细基江蓠繁枝变种(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)(下称江蓠)、江蓠 裂片石莼(Ulva faxciata)、江蓠 肠浒苔(Enteromorpha intesinalis)、江蓠 裂片石莼 肠浒苔共5种饵料搭配方式对黑鲍幼鲍生长和存活的影响。试验进行35d,结果表明:(1)不同试验组之间的幼鲍的存活没有显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)不同试验处理对幼鲍的生长有显著影响(P<0.05)。江蓠 浒苔组、人工配合饲料组的黑鲍的特定生长率都显著大于其它饵料组(P<0.05);饲喂混合海藻的黑鲍的特定生长率显著大于单一海藻组(P<0.05)。壳长增长率、湿重增重率和干重增重率亦呈相似趋势。(3)幼鲍对不同饵料组合的转化效率存在显著差异(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,在水温较高时用江蓠、石莼和浒苔组成的混合饵料代替人工配合饲料饲养幼鲍,同样可以达到高的生长率。     

Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate‐to‐Lipid Ratio on Growth and Carcass Composition of Juvenile Abalone,Haliotis discus,Reeve 1846

The optimal dietary carbohydrate (C) : lipid (L) ratio on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus, was determined. A total of 1260 juveniles were randomly distributed into 18 containers. Six experimental diets containing different ratios of C to L (49:1, 48:2, 47:3, 45:5, 43:7, and 41:9) were prepared and referred to as the C49:L1, C48:L2, C47:L3, C45:L5, C43:L7, and C41:L9 diets, respectively. Water stability of the experimental diets was measured 12, 24, and 48 h after seawater immersion. Crude protein, L and ash content of the experimental diets decreased with time. Survival of abalone fed the C48:L2 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the C49:L1 and C41:L9 diets. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the C49:L1, C48:L2, and C47:L3 diets were higher than that of abalone fed the C45:L5, C43:L7, and C41:L9 diets. Crude L content of the soft body of abalone was directly reflected from dietary crude L content. In conclusion, the optimal dietary C : L ratio was estimated to be 48:2 and 47:3 based on survival, weight gain, and SGR of juvenile abalone, respectively. Greater than 3% L content in the diet deteriorated performance of this species of abalone.     

Substitution effect of Undaria pinnatifida with citrus (Citrus unshiu,Marcovitch) peel by‐product in feed on the growth,body composition and air exposure stressor of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus,Reeve 1846)

Substitution effect of Undaria pinnatifida with citrus peel by‐product (CPB) on growth, body composition and air exposure stressor of abalone was determined. A total of 1,080 abalone were distributed into 18 net cages. Five formulated diets were prepared in triplicate. The CPB0 diet contained 200 g/kg U. pinnatifida. The 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 g/kg U. pinnatifida were substituted with the equal amount of CPB, referred to as the CPB250, CPB500, CPB750 and CPB1000 diets, respectively. Finally, dry U. pinnatifida was prepared. Abalone were fed for 16 weeks and then subjected to air exposure stressor for 24 hr. The cumulative mortality of abalone was monitored for the following 4 days after 24‐hr air exposure. Survival, weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed all formulated diets were greater than those of abalone fed the U. pinnatifida. The greatest weight gain and SGR were achieved in abalone fed the CPB500 diet. The chemical composition of the soft body of abalone was not affected by the experimental diets. Higher cumulative mortality was observed in abalone fed the CPB0 and dry U. pinnatifida at 16 hr after 24‐hr air exposure compared to abalone fed all other diets. In conclusion, U. pinnatifida could be completely substituted with CPB in abalone feed.