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1.
浒苔抑藻物质的分离及其对赤潮微藻的抑制作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用液液萃取法和硅胶柱层析法对抑藻物质EPME(methanol extracts of Enteromorpha prolifera)进行分离,通过监测米氏凯伦藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的细胞数量,观察藻细胞形态,分析分离组分的抑藻活性。结果表明,EPME经液液萃取法分离,获得4个组分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ,得率分别为29.0%、19.0%、12.7%和5.45%。其中,仅组分Ⅱ具有明显的抑藻活性。当浓度为1.0 g/L时,组分Ⅱ对米氏凯伦藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的生长抑制率分别为43.4%、44.9%和54.3%。组分Ⅱ经硅胶柱层析法分离,获得5种组分,组分Ⅱ-A、Ⅱ-B、Ⅱ-C、Ⅱ-D和Ⅱ-E。其中,组分Ⅱ-B和组分Ⅱ-C具有明显抑藻活性,并致使3种赤潮微藻的藻细胞出现空洞、细胞破碎和色素减褪等。进一步采用波长扫描和化合物检测方法,分析出此2种组分中含有内酯、香豆素类化合物,并确定了此2种组分硅胶GF254薄层层析分离的适宜展开剂,为后续纯化奠定了良好的实验基础。  相似文献   

2.
采用溶剂浸提、液液萃取、硅胶柱层析和硅胶薄层层析等分离方法以及红外光谱、质谱和核磁共振谱等光谱技术,初次从龙须菜中纯化得到4种苯丙烷类化合物:邻苯二丙酸、gossonorol、7,10-epoxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol和对羟基苯乙醇,并进一步分析了此4种苯丙烷类化合物对强壮前沟藻、赤潮异弯藻、米氏凯伦藻、球形棕囊藻、东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻生长的影响。结果表明,它们对以上6种赤潮微藻的生长表现出明显的选择性抑制作用。其中,邻苯二丙酸、gossonorol和对羟基苯乙醇表现出更为广泛的抑藻活性。比较此4种苯丙烷类化合物和重铬酸钾对赤潮微藻生长的半抑制效应浓度EC50-96 h,发现邻苯二丙酸对强壮前沟藻、赤潮异弯藻和球形棕囊藻,gossonorol和羟基苯乙醇对赤潮异弯藻和球形棕囊藻,7,10-epoxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol对赤潮异弯藻和米氏凯伦藻在生长抑制方面比重铬酸钾更具有优势。  相似文献   

3.
孙颖颖  浦寅芳  阎斌伦  王长海 《水产学报》2016,40(11):1782-1789
菹草石油醚组分能显著抑制赤潮微藻米氏凯伦藻的生长,为了获悉该组分抑制米氏凯伦藻的物质基础,采用硅胶柱层析和制备薄层层析等方法,对菹草石油醚组分中的抑藻活性物质进行分离纯化。进一步应用质谱、核磁共振碳谱和氢谱等技术,鉴定抑藻活性物质。实验从菹草石油醚组分中分离纯化到4种抑藻活性物质。当浓度为16μg/m L时,它们对米氏凯伦藻表现出一定的抑藻活性。结构鉴定表明,此4种抑藻活性物质分别为二十五烷醇、邻苯二甲酸二(2-甲基己基)酯、棕榈酸和邻苯二甲酸二(5,5-甲基己基)酯。此4种化合物为首次从菹草中分离得到。抑藻活性分析表明,当浓度为50μg/m L时,4个样品均能显著抑制赤潮异弯藻的生长。其中,二十五烷醇和邻苯二甲酸二(5,5-甲基己基)酯还能较明显地抑制东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻的生长。  相似文献   

4.
不同氮磷比对海洋赤潮藻碳、氮稳定同位素组成的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为查明营养盐对不同赤潮藻不同生长阶段的影响,通过测定不同营养条件下培养的7种赤潮藻δ13 C和δ15 N值,比较不同生长阶段、不同藻种之间稳定同位素组成的差别。结果显示,7种赤潮藻δ13 C和δ15 N值存在一定的差异,海洋原甲藻具有较高的δ13 C值;海洋球石藻δ13 C值相对较小;新月菱形藻、威氏海链藻和塔玛亚历山大藻具有相似的δ13 C值。强壮前沟藻、海洋原甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻δ15 N值要高于其他赤潮藻,威氏海链藻、海洋球石藻、中肋骨条藻和新月菱形藻具有相似的δ15 N值。塔玛亚历山大藻在NP、3N、1/3P和3P组别指数期δ13 C值要低于稳定期,其他6种赤潮藻指数期δ13 C值要高于稳定期。几种赤潮藻δ13 C值与NO3-和PO3-4浓度普遍呈显著正相关;δ15 N值与NO3-浓度普遍呈显著负相关,与PO3-4浓度普遍呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

5.
福建沿海米氏凯伦藻赤潮的初步研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
龙华  杜琦 《福建水产》2005,(4):22-26
本文初步研究了2003年5~6月发生于福建连江海域的米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi Hansen)赤潮.研究发现强降雨、充足的光照、稳定的气温和良好的海况是米氏凯伦藻赤潮发生和发展的必要条件.米氏凯伦藻适宜的温度范围为20~24℃,适宜的盐度范围为27.9~30.5.米氏凯伦藻细胞密度与营养指数以及磷酸盐浓度呈正相关性.米氏凯伦藻赤潮的发生发展过程中常伴随出现其它赤潮生物,在条件适合的情况下会向其它种类的赤潮转化.米氏凯伦藻赤潮对鲍鱼等海洋生物的危害较大,会造成严重的渔业经济损失.  相似文献   

6.
本文在不同氮磷比(N∶P=4∶1、8∶1、16∶1、32∶1、80∶1)培养条件下,对福建沿海赤潮海域分离的米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)进行培养,研究其生长特性。实验结果表明:不同的氮磷比对米氏凯伦藻的生长有明显的影响。过高或过低的氮磷比均不适合米氏凯伦藻的生长,该藻在N∶P=32∶1条件下比生长率最快,为0.33 d-1。米氏凯伦藻对氮的需求高于磷,在适当的磷限制环境中能够维持更长的生长周期。引发赤潮的主要原因并不是由于米氏凯伦藻赤潮暴发海域的低氮磷比,而是赤潮暴发过程中,米氏凯伦藻对营养盐的大量消耗,尤其是对氮的消耗。  相似文献   

7.
两种常见外来入侵赤潮藻的PCR鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
米氏凯伦藻与环状异帽藻为日本海域流入我国的两种外来入侵赤潮藻。利用核糖体ITS区分别设计出针对该两种藻的特异性PCR引物。通过prmier5.0软件设计多对引物,经PCR扩增,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测、以筛选目标藻的特异性引物,并以链状亚历山大藻、立玛原甲藻、牟氏角毛藻、赤潮异弯藻作为阴性对照,做进一步PCR验证。筛选到米氏凯伦藻最佳引物Ki1F3/Ki1B3和环状异帽藻最佳引物YiF3a/YiB3a。两对特异性引物成功鉴定了两种外来入侵藻,而对其它藻种则是阴性反应,可为赤潮的预测预报提供分子鉴定基础。  相似文献   

8.
采用超声波法、煮沸法和微波法3种方法分别对塔玛亚历山大藻、环状异帽藻和角毛藻进行细胞破碎及快速制备基因组DNA的研究。通过细胞计数和DNA浓度测定的手段对三种方法进行了比较,以选择适合不同藻种的细胞破碎方法。结果表明,塔玛亚历山大藻和环状异帽藻用超声波法破碎效果较好;角毛藻用微波法较好。对用该三种方法制备的基因组DNA做了PCR扩增,电泳检测表明,与CTAB法扩增效果一样。本文建立的微藻DNA快速制备方法有望应用在赤潮藻类的快速分子鉴定方面。  相似文献   

9.
米氏凯伦藻对海洋生物致毒作用的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来,米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)已成为我国海域主要的有毒赤潮藻。仅2012年在我国浙江和福建海域就连续爆发了12起米氏凯伦藻赤潮,造成大量养殖鲍死亡,经济损失超过20亿元人民币。本研究通过收集国内、外最新报道,探讨了米氏凯伦藻赤潮对各类海洋生物,主要包括海洋浮游动物、贝类、鱼类以及哺乳类毒性作用的研究进展。研究发现,溶血毒素是米氏凯伦藻赤潮引发海洋生物大量死亡的主要原因;直接接触活的米氏凯伦藻细胞是导致浮游动物死亡的主要途径;米氏凯伦藻产生的溶血毒素和鱼毒素,可溶解鱼类的鳃组织,从而造成鱼类死亡。然而,关于米氏凯伦藻产生的溶血毒素是否会在贝类体内累积、在贝类体内的迁移和转化规律、米氏凯伦藻赤潮对鲍鱼死亡的致死途径与致死机制、溶血毒素在生物链传递过程中是否会发生改变、这些毒素对人类健康的影响机制与综合作用等问题还不了解,这些问题亟待深入的研究。米氏凯伦藻溶血毒素的研究报道还处于起步阶段,毒素以何种方式导致红细胞破裂、不同红细胞膜上组分的差异和毒素的溶血活性是否存在对应关系等问题也都需要开展进一步的研究。  相似文献   

10.
6种微藻生长及脂肪累积对氮含量变化的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了绿色巴夫藻、米氏凯伦藻、球等鞭金藻、三角褐指藻、海水小球藻、衣藻的生长及脂肪累积对氮含量变化的响应。试验结果表明,6种微藻生长及总脂对不同氮含量均有一定程度的响应。微藻生长,绿色巴夫藻、米氏凯伦藻、球等鞭金藻3种微藻响应明显,绿色巴夫藻以氮含量100%组生长最快,第10d时,比氮含量40%组快512%,比氮含量20%组及60%组分别快62%、61%;米氏凯伦藻氮含量80%组生长最快,第10d达到最高值,超出其他试验组约60%;球等鞭金藻氮含量80%组最快,第10d生长量超过100%试验组67%;三角褐指藻、海水小球藻、衣藻响应程度小于其他微藻。总脂积累,三角褐指藻氮含量80%组总脂含量最高,达细胞干质量的80.77%,是氮含量100%组2.5倍;绿色巴夫藻氮含量60%组最高,达细胞干质量的73.68%,是氮含量100%组3.4倍;其他4种微藻在降低氮含量后,总脂均超过细胞干质量的30%。三角褐指藻在生物柴油制备方向极具开发前景。  相似文献   

11.
海洋大型绿藻条浒苔与微藻三角褐指藻相生相克作用的研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
以种群密度为变量,采用实验生态学手段研究了大型海藻条浒苔与赤潮藻类三角褐指藻间的生长竞争关系,以及条浒苔水溶性抽提液对三角褐指藻生长的影响。结果表明,在无营养盐限制条件下,低密度条浒苔(0.3~0.7 g/L)均能抑制三角褐指藻(起始浓度104cell/ml)的生长,最大抑制率为74.5%;低起始浓度(102~103cell/ml)的三角褐指藻,对条浒苔具有促生长效应,而高起始浓度(104~105cell/ml)的三角褐指藻在一定程度上抑制条浒苔的生长。条浒苔水溶性抽提液(0.3~0.7 g/L)对三角褐指藻的生长皆表现出明显的抑制效应,平均抑制率为75.2%,抑制效果较条浒苔鲜组织更为明显;其最大抑制效应(84.8%)表现在接种后的第8天,三角褐指藻的生长抑制量随条浒苔水溶性抽提液浓度的增加而增大。表明条浒苔可能通过相生相克作用影响共培养体系中三角褐指藻的生长。  相似文献   

12.
16种中草药提取物对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌实验   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
测定了16种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)的体外抑菌作用,筛选出对嗜水气单胞菌有较好体外抑制作用的中草药.用煎煮法和乙醇蒸馏法2种方法提取中草药有效成分,采用琼脂平板扩散法研究了黄连、五倍子、大黄、诃子等16种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌作用,测定了抑菌圈直径.实验结果表明,16种中草药提取物对嗜水气单胞菌有不同程度的抑制作用,五倍子、黄连、诃子的水提物和醇提物的抑菌效果较好,抑菌圈平均直径均在15 mm以上,但中草药的水提物和醇提物的抑菌效果存在不同程度的差异.  相似文献   

13.
针对2007-2009年间在黄海海域形成"绿潮".的大型绿藻浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera).研究了其3种不同极性有机溶剂(甲醇、丙酮、氯仿)提取物对太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)受精卵孵化的影响.结果表明.在48 h内.浒苔的甲醇和丙酮提取物对太平洋牡蛎受精卵孵化有较强的抑制作用.高浓度提取物能够完全抑制太平洋牡蛎受精卵孵化至D型幼虫.而氯仿提取物对太平洋牡蛎受精卵孵化的影响没有明显的浓度-效应关系.应用乙酸乙醋和石油醚对浒苔的甲醇提取物进行液-液萃取.并探讨了乙酸乙醋相和石油醚相中的浒苔提取物对牡蛎受精卵孵化的影响.结果表明.石油醚相和乙酸乙醋相中的浒苔提取物对牡蛎受精卵孵化均有很强的抑制效应.上述研究表明.浒苔中存在能够抑制太平洋牡tfi受精卵孵化的活性物质.这类物质应具有较高的极性.  相似文献   

14.
Vibrio spp. are the most common and harmful shrimp pathogenic bacteria; however, microalgae and cyanobacteria have the ability to produce antimicrobial substances against these species. In this study, the organic and aqueous extracts of 28 species of marine microalgae and cyanobacteria were screened against Vibrio campbellii M1. Two of these phytoplankton species with antibacterial activity in aqueous extracts (Dunaliella tertiolecta and Skeletonema costatum) and nontoxic to brine shrimp Artemia franciscana nauplii were used to evaluate their anti‐Vibrio effect when used as green‐water cultures in Vibrio‐challenged white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultures. No differences in mortality of juvenile L. vannamei were observed between treatments tested, suggesting that the pathogenicity of V. campbellii could be related to the growth stage of shrimp. The proximal composition of D. tertiolecta and S. costatum was in the recommended range for penaeid shrimp nutrition, allowing shrimp supplemented with these microalgae to have significantly greater total length and weight than control shrimp. Shrimp supplemented with S. costatum presented the highest values of organic mass (11.48 mg/organism) and growth rate (0.31 mg/d) in comparison to D. tertiolecta. These results indicate that microalgae are not only capable of producing antibacterial compounds against Vibrio but can also help shrimp nutrition.  相似文献   

15.
This work provides a comparative study of the inhibitory effect of several plant protein sources on digestive proteases of two snappers: yellow snapper (Lutjanus argentiventris) and dog snapper (Lutjanus novemfasciatus). Seed extracts did not affect gastric proteases whereas they significantly inhibit intestinal proteases. Inhibition of alkaline proteases showed that pancreatic proteases of L. argentiventris were more sensitive to seed protease inhibitors than those of L. novemfasciatus. Legume seeds showed the highest inhibitory capacity on alkaline proteases causing inhibition higher than 50% in total proteolytic activity. Protease inhibition on digestive extracts was assessed using different relative concentration of seed extracts and represented by constructing dose response curves. In order to reduce the inhibitory effect, seed extracts were acid-treated before the inhibition assay. Results showed that acid treatment did not affect the inhibitory capacity of seeds on alkaline proteases in both species. However, when the action of gastric enzymes was simulated on seed extracts, the inhibitory capacity was reduced significantly, mainly in the case of L. novemfasciatus. The responses of fish enzymes to heat-treated seed extracts were also tested. Only higher temperatures were capable of reducing the inhibitory capacity of seed, with the specific response to the snapper species. The use of biochemical assays allows us to quantify the action of inhibitors on total proteolytic activity. In addition, zymograms obtained by substrate-SDS-PAGE provided qualitative information about the number and type of proteases affected by each inhibitor. Each seed extract produces a characteristic profile of inhibition on alkaline protease. The results obtained are important for future formulation of feeds for these snapper species.  相似文献   

16.
大气CO2浓度升高将干扰水体的碳酸盐缓冲系统,导致水体pH值下降,对水生微藻产生一定的影响。文章从生长状况、光合作用、藻细胞化学元素组成和群落结构4方面分别综述大气CO2浓度升高对海洋微藻和淡水微藻的影响。在生长方面,大气CO2浓度升高不仅会影响某些海洋微藻和淡水微藻的生长速率,还会使某些藻细胞的形态发生变化。在光合作用方面,大气CO2浓度升高可能会减弱微藻对CCM机制的依赖性;对不具有CCM机制的微藻来说,CO2浓度增加可能会减弱其碳限制程度,有利于微藻光合作用。在藻细胞化学元素组成方面,大气CO2浓度的升高对微藻细胞化学元素组成的影响与藻类的生长是否受营养盐限制有关,只有当藻类生长受到水体营养盐浓度限制时,CO2浓度升高才会显著改变其元素组成。在群落结构方面,当微藻个体发生变化时,微藻种群间的竞争优势也会发生改变,体积较小的微藻可能将从全球CO2水平升高的趋势中受益更多。在间接因素温度导致的水生环境变化的条件下,可能更有利于蓝藻生长,使其拥有更大的竞争优势。微藻群落结构的改变,对整个海洋生态系统和淡水生态系统都可能会造成严重的影响。最后展望了在全球大气CO2水平升高的背景下微藻响应机制方面研究方向。  相似文献   

17.
Oyster seed production in hatchery and nursery systems has relied on the production of microalgae, which is cost effective, but often unpredictable. The development of a satisfactory substitute diet would greatly reduce production costs of hatchery operations. Single cell detritus (SCD) production from seaweed (Porphyra haitanensis) may have great potential as a partial substitute for microalgae. In this experiment, a technique for producing SCD was developed and the product was used as a partial substitute for microalgae for the nursery culture of juvenile tropical oysters (Crassostrea belcheri) in a hatchery setting. A reverse osmosis technique was used on ground seaweed (particle size <200 μm) immersed in freshwater and placed on a shaker at 100 rpm for 2 h before being returned to seawater. This technique was shown to be highly effective for SCD production with a density of 33.7 ± 7.0 × 104 cell mL?1 and the percentage of SCD particle diameter <20 μm was 89.2%. A partial replacement of microalgae with SCD was found to be unsuitable for nursing oyster larvae. For juvenile oysters (shell width 1.85 ± 0.03 mm and shell length 1.78 ± 0.06 mm) substituting 75% of microalgae with SCD showed lower absolute shell growth, and lower daily yields and survival rates when compared to rates substituting 50% or lower substitution with SCD, or 100% microalgae (P < 0.05). It was found that substituting 50% of the traditional microalgae with SCD produced from seaweed (P. haitanensis) can be used as a partial microalgae substitute for the nursery culture of the juvenile tropical oyster.  相似文献   

18.
The microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri were cultured with seaweed extract (SWE) from six different seaweeds and each SWE was used either as a supplement or as an alternative media to conventional f/2 medium. Microalgae cultured with only the f/2 media acted as the control treatment. I. galbana and C. muelleri were then fed to Penaeus indicus larvae, either singly or in combination, for 8 days to evaluate its nutritional quality. Shrimp larvae fed on microalgae cultured in f/2 media supplemented with SWE from Ulva lactuca or Enteromorpha intestinalis moulted faster (P < 0.05) to the second mysis stage compared with the control. Survival, total length and growth rates were better in shrimp larvae fed on microalgae previously cultured in media supplemented with SWE. In general, shrimp larvae fed microalgae cultured entirely in SWE performed equally well compared with the control. Shrimp larvae fed on mixed microalgae (I. galbana + C. muelleri) showed significantly better growth, survival and development compared with larvae on either single microalgal diet. It was concluded that microalgae cultured with SWE could be used as a low‐cost alternative media in producing live food for the hatchery production of shrimp larvae.  相似文献   

19.
十六种中草药提取物对鳗弧菌体外抑菌作用的研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
研究了十六种中草药对鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)的体外抑菌作用。结果显示:十六种中草药提取物对鳗弧菌有不同程度的抑制作用,其中大黄、五倍子、黄连的水提物和醇提物的抑菌效果最好,且两种提取物的MIC值相同,分别为1.95 mg/mL、0.98 mg/mL和1.95 mg/mL。  相似文献   

20.
The rigid cell walls of microalgae may hinder their utilization in fish feeds. The current experiment assessed the correlation between the accessibility of microalgae nutrients and their in vivo digestibility in African catfish. Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass was subjected to physical or mechanical treatments to weaken its cell wall; untreated—no disruption treatment (UNT), pasteurization (PAS), freezing (FRO), freeze‐drying (FRD), cold pasteurization (L40) and bead milling (BEM). Six experimental diets formulated from differently treated and untreated microalgae (at 30% diet inclusion level) were tested on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility (ADCs) in juvenile African catfish. A basal diet (REF) containing no microalgae was used as reference diet. Results showed that biomass gain and feed conversion ratio of fish fed L40 and BEM diets increased by 13% and 11%, respectively, relative to the UNT diet. Additionally, FRD, FRO, L40 and BEM cell wall disruption treatments improved protein digestibility by 0.5%, 5.9%, 8.4% and 16.3%, respectively, compared to the UNT treatment. There was a positive correlation between accessibility of microalgal nutrients and their digestibility in African catfish. Nutrient digestibility of microalgae was dependent on extent of cell disruption. Also, the impact of cell disruption on nutrient digestibility of microalgae differs between African catfish and Nile tilapia.  相似文献   

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