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1.
史氏鲟饲料脂肪的最适量研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
配制等氮(蛋白质含量41%)和等能量的(11.2MJ/kg饲料)的半精制史氏鲟饲料,以等量混合的海水鱼油、豆油作为添加的脂肪源,设0、2%、4%、6%、8%和10%共6种添加浓度。试验周期为25d。结果显示:增重率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率以脂肪含量7.6%~9.6%的饲料为最佳,考虑到饲料成本,建议把史氏鲟饲料脂肪的最适量设定在8%左右。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨大口黑鲈饲料中不同脂肪与蛋白质含量比对其生长、体组成和非特异性免疫的影响,实验设计了8种(D1~D8)不同脂肪与蛋白质含量比的总能递增饲料。D1~D8饲料的脂肪水平递增(9.0%~26.5%),而蛋白质水平递减(52.0%~31.0%)。用上述饲料饲养体质量为(10.06±0.02)g的大口黑鲈88 d,每饲料设3重复,每重复30尾鱼。结果显示,特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质消化率、脂肪消化率和脂肪沉积率均以D2组最高,但随饲料中脂肪与蛋白质含量比的进一步升高呈现显著下降趋势。D3~D5组的蛋白质效率显著高于D1和D8组。D2、D3组与D4组间的蛋白质沉积率差异不显著,但显著高于其他各组。D1~D4组间的总能消化率差异不显著,但显著地高于其他各组。饲料中脂肪含量过高对鱼体组成产生显著的影响,使体脂的积蓄显著增高。随着饲料中脂肪与蛋白质含量比的升高,成活率呈显著下降趋势,D1和D2组的成活率显著高于D5~D8组。非特异性免疫分析显示,D4组血清溶菌酶活力和D2组血清补体活性及头肾白细胞呼吸爆发活性为最高。以饲料为单因子作单因素方差分析得出,满足大口黑鲈最适生长和饲料利用的饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为49.30%和11.50%。以饲料中蛋白质和脂肪水平为自变量,分别以特定生长率和蛋白质沉积率为因变量进行二元二次回归分析得出,特定生长率最大时,饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和脂肪与蛋白质含量比分别为48.20%、12.44%和0.26;蛋白质沉积率最高时,饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和脂肪与蛋白质含量比分别为46.42%、13.96%和0.30。以饲料蛋能比为自变量作一元二次回归分析得出,蛋白质沉积率最大时,饲料的蛋能比、蛋白质、脂肪和脂肪与蛋白质含量比分别为23.72mg/kJ、46.16%、14.18%和0.31。研究认为,饲料的脂肪和蛋白质水平对大口黑鲈的生长、体组成、饲料效率和免疫力有着不同程度的影响;饲料中过高的脂肪会抑制蛋白质的消化与利用,表明脂肪对蛋白质的节约作用有限。建议大口黑鲈实用饲料的蛋白质和脂肪水平分别保持在46%~49%和11.5%~14%范围内较为适当。  相似文献   

3.
肖懿哲 《内陆水产》2005,30(4):22-23
配制等氮(蛋白质含量41%)和等能量的(11.2MJ/kg饲料)的半精制中华鲟饲料,以等量混合的海水鱼油、豆油作为添加的脂肪源,设0、2%、4%、6%、8%和10%共6种添加浓度。试验周期为25d。结果显示:增重率、饲料系数和蛋白效率以及以脂肪含量7.6%~9.6%的饲料为最佳,考虑到饲料成本,建议把中华鲟饲料脂肪的最适量设定在8%左右。  相似文献   

4.
美洲鲥幼鱼饲料中蛋白质、脂肪适宜含量的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以美洲鲥幼鱼(个体体重4~6g)作为饲养对象,选择7组不同蛋白质、脂肪含量,粒径为2-5mm的浮性膨化饲料进行对比试验。经37d的喂养,结束时以增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率作为评价指标,用方差分析法处理试验数据。试验结果为:饲料中蛋白质含量在40%-45%,脂肪含量在6%-8%的试验组饲养效果较好,各项评价指标明显优于其它各组,组间差异十分显著(p(0.01)。  相似文献   

5.
饲料蛋白质含量对翘嘴红Bo生长影响的初步研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
本报道了饲料蛋白质含量对翘嘴红Bo生长的影响。试验分别用5种不同蛋白质含量饲料饲养平均体长8厘米、平均体重2克的2龄翘嘴红Bo30天,以观察饲料蛋白质含量对翘嘴红Bo生长的影响。5种试验饲料的蛋白质含量分别为30%、36%、42%、48%、54%。(1-5组)试验结果表明:饲料蛋白质含量在30%-54%的范围内,随着蛋白质含量的增加翘嘴红Bo的生长比速、饲料效率都相应提高。第4组较前3组提高较多,而第3组较第4组变化不明显。蛋白质效率1-4组呈递增趋势,第5组开始下降。因此,我们认为翘嘴红Bo实用配合饲料的蛋白质含量在48%-54%之间较为适宜。  相似文献   

6.
史氏鲟幼鲟对饲料中磷的需要量   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
文华  严安生  高强 《水产学报》2008,32(2):242-248
通过生长饲养试验研究史氏鲟幼鲟对饲料中磷的需要量.以Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O为磷源,配制含磷水平分别为0.18%(对照组),0.40%,0.71%,0.98%,1.38%和1.66%的6组等能等氮纯化饲料,每组饲料饲喂3个重复,每个重复饲养20尾初体质量约为4.7 g的幼鲟.经过8周的饲养后,对生长、饲料效率、成活率、幼鲟肌肉常规组成及脊椎骨灰分和钙磷含量进行分析.结果表明,随饲料中磷含量的升高,鱼体增重率、饲料效率和特定生长率显著增加(P<0.05),直至0.98%组达最大,然后随着饲料磷含量的增加,这些指标显著降低(P<0.05);试验各添加组的成活率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但各添加组间没有显著差异(P>0.05);饲料添加磷对鱼体肌肉水分、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量无显著影响(P>0.05);当饲料磷含量在0.71%~1.66%之间时,脊椎骨中灰分、钙和磷含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于对照组和0.40%试验组(P<0.05).经过折线回归分析得出,为维持史氏鲟幼鲟最佳生长和骨骼磷水平,饲料中磷的需要量为0.88%~1.00%(占干饲料).  相似文献   

7.
为研究饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)的生长性能、肌肉质构指标及肝脏相关基因表达的影响,实验采用双因素3×2因子试验设计,制成蛋白质水平分别为40%、45%和50%,脂肪水平分别为6%和9%的6组试验饲料,饲喂均重为(293.11±7.84)g的中华鳖,8周后测定相关指标。结果显示:饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对中华鳖存活率无显著影响,但对增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数和肝体比均有显著影响。随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高,增重率和特定生长率均显著升高,45%和50%蛋白组增重率和特定生长率显著高于40%组,45%组饲料系数显著低于40%组,50%组的肝体比显著高于40%组。饲料脂肪含量对中华鳖生长性能无显著影响,9%脂肪组的肝体比显著高于6%组。饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对肌肉水分和粗灰分含量无显著影响,肌肉蛋白质含量随着饲料蛋白质水平的增加先显著升高,然后在45%时达到稳定水平。肌肉脂肪含量随着饲料脂肪水平增加显著升高。饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对中华鳖四肢肌肉的回复性、弹性和凝聚性无显著影响,硬度、黏性和咀嚼性随着饲料蛋白质水平升高而显著升高,随着脂肪水平升高而显著下降。肝脏igf-I基因mRNA表达水平随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高而显著升高,9%脂肪组的肝脏igf-I和lpl基因mRNA表达水平显著高于6%组。综合中华鳖生长性能及营养品质的试验结果,温室养殖条件下,中华鳖饲料适宜的蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为45%和6%。  相似文献   

8.
以酪蛋白和明胶作为蛋白源,乳酸钙(Ca-lactate)和磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4•2H2O)为钙源和磷源,配制成D1(0.0%钙,0.0%磷)、D2(0.5%钙,0.0%磷)、D3(0.0%钙,0.6%磷)、D4(0.5%钙,0.6%磷)、D5(1.0%钙,0.6%磷)和D6(1.5%钙,0.6%磷)六种等氮等能纯化试验饲料。每组饲料饲喂3个重复,每重复饲养20尾宝石鲈幼鱼,经过室内网箱60天生长试验,探讨在饲料中添加钙磷对宝石鲈幼鱼(初始体质量13.42±0.68g)生长性能、全鱼和肌肉营养成分以及脊椎骨钙磷含量的影响。试验结果表明: 饲料中未添加磷组(D1和D2)试验鱼的终末体质量、特定生长率和脊椎骨钙磷含量显著低于添加组(P<0.05),而饲料系数、全体和肌肉脂肪含量显著高于添加组(P<0.05)。当饲料中未添加磷时,添加0.5%钙对宝石鲈的特定生长率、饲料系数、全鱼和肌肉营养成分、脊椎骨的灰分和钙磷含量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。当饲料中添加0.6%磷时,钙的添加量(0~1.5%)对宝石鲈的终末体质量、特定生长率、饲料系数、全鱼组成、肌肉组成(水分、粗蛋白和灰分)和脊椎骨组成(粗灰分、磷和钙磷比)没有显著影响(P>0.05)。饲料中钙添加量过大(1.5%)组脊椎骨钙含量显著减少(P<0.05)。饲料中添加磷显著降低了鱼体中粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),但提高了脊椎骨钙磷的含量(P<0.05)。各组脊椎骨钙磷比均处于1.78~1.82范围内,组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。通过宝石鲈幼鱼生长性能和脊椎骨矿化作用分析表明,当饲料中添加0.6%磷时,钙的适宜添加量为0.5%。 关键词:宝石鲈;钙;磷  相似文献   

9.
饲料脂肪水平对鳜鱼生长的影响研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
通过添加混合油 (豆油∶鱼油为 2∶1 )配制 5种不同脂肪含量的饲料 ,以测定脂肪水平对鳜鱼 (平均体重 61 g)生长的影响。混合油添加量为 0~ 8% ,饲料脂肪含量为 4~ 1 2 % ,蛋白质含量为 44 0 %。结果显示 ,饲料脂肪水平对鳜鱼生长和蛋白质效率有显著影响 :饲料脂肪水平在 7%~ 1 2 %时 ,鳜鱼特殊生长率和蛋白质效率高。说明适当增加饲料脂肪含量能够促进鳜鱼生长 ,并提高饲料效率  相似文献   

10.
以白鱼粉、酪蛋白、鱼油和α-淀粉分别作为蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物原料,配制等蛋白质(45%)、等脂肪(8%)、碳水化合物水平分别为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的6组饲料。饲养鳡幼鱼8周后测定其生长、体成分及肝糖原含量,初步探讨鳡对碳水化合物的利用能力。结果表明,20%组鱼体的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率最高(P〈0.05)。高碳水化合物组表现较高的摄食率、脏体比、肝体比和肠脂比(P〈0.05)。饲料碳水化合物水平的升高,增加了全鱼体干物质和粗脂肪的累积(P〈0.05)。随着饲料碳水化合物水  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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