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1.
浒苔中MnSOD和CAT基因克隆和表达分析   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
范美华  孙雪  王日昕  廖智  徐年军 《水产学报》2014,38(12):1976-1984
实验以大型绿藻浒苔为材料,克隆了其抗氧化系统关键酶锰超氧化物歧化酶(manganese superoxide dismutase,Mn SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)基因的部分片段,利用荧光定量PCR技术研究了Mn SOD和CAT对温度和水杨酸作用的响应规律。结果获得浒苔318 bp的Mn SOD基因,该Mn SOD推测的氨基酸序列与裂片石莼Mn SOD相似性最高为89%;获得了229 bp的CAT基因,该浒苔CAT编码氨基酸序列与裂片石莼和雨生红球藻CAT序列相似性分别为99%和93%。在利用M n SOD和CAT氨基酸序列构建的系统树中,浒苔均先与裂片石莼聚类,再与其他绿藻聚在一起。不同温度对浒苔Mn SOD和CAT基因表达影响表明,35℃高温培养对浒苔Mn SOD和CAT基因表达影响最显著,其表达量分别为25℃培养的2.18倍和2.05倍;5℃低温培养次之;而15℃与25℃培养对M n SOD和CAT基因表达影响差异不显著(P0.05)。在高温35℃下,添加0.1 mmol/L水杨酸后Mn SOD和CAT基因表达量分别为各自对照的2.08倍和5.30倍,而0.01 mmol/L水杨酸添加后基因表达与对照差异不显著(P0.05)。研究表明,Mn SOD和CAT基因表达的增强不仅是浒苔对高温胁迫的响应,而且也是水杨酸缓解高温对浒苔不利影响的方式之一。  相似文献   

2.
黄林彬  黄文  严兴洪 《水产学报》2020,44(2):222-233
以条斑紫菜两个耐高温品系(YZ-4和TM-18)为对象,以野生型品系(WT)做对照,分析其叶状体在高温、低盐胁迫下的生长和光系统Ⅱ最大光量子产量(F_v/F_m)的数值,为筛选既耐高温又耐低盐的条斑紫菜抗逆品系提供依据。结果显示,在适宜培养条件(温度18°C和盐度26)下,YZ-4和TM-18叶状体在50~85 d的生长速率快于WT,F_v/F_m和主要光合色素含量均高于WT,各品系的绝对生长率和F_v/F_m之间均具有较高的正相关性。另外,WT叶状体在70 d左右开始形成精子囊时,绝对生长率和F_v/F_m明显下降。在高温胁迫下培养,各品系叶状体的F_v/F_m和绝对生长率均呈下降趋势,且胁迫的温度越高或时间越长,其降幅越大。在24°C高温胁迫35 d后,WT、YZ-4和TM-18的F_v/F_m分别下降了56.7%、43.2%和28.7%。在25°C高温胁迫15 d时,WT的生长完全停滞,而YZ-4和TM-18则分别保持0.51和0.84 cm/d的绝对生长率,说明二者确实是耐高温的。低盐胁迫对叶状体的影响与高温胁迫的类似,在盐度为9的低盐下培养35 d后,WT、YZ-4和TM-18的F_v/F_m降幅分别为46.2%、42.0%和32.0%,三者的绝对生长率分别为0.12、0.10和0.90 cm/d。另外,WT和YZ-4在盐度为5时生长受到明显影响,叶状体在15 d时颜色加深、卷曲变硬并腐烂,而TM-18在相同盐度下培养25 d也未腐烂,F_v/F_m仍高达初始值的72.8%。这表明TM-18在高温或低盐胁迫下的耐受性比WT和YZ-4的都强,其内在原因是叶状体F_v/F_m的降幅较小,间接说明F_v/F_m可作为条斑紫菜抗逆品系选育的新指标。  相似文献   

3.
盐度和溶解氧对刺参非特异性免疫酶活性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
测定了不同盐度(20、25、30、35、40)和不同溶氧水平(充空气,DO 7~9mg/L)充纯氧,DO15~20mg/L;不充气,DO 2~5mg/L)对刺参体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LZM)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化的影响。盐度试验结果表明,盐度急性变化会引起刺参体腔液ACP、AKP、LZM活性的升高和SOD活性降低,其中第10天时盐度对酶活性的影响最大。溶氧试验显示,过饱和溶氧(DO 15~20mg/L)可使刺参体腔液ACP、AKP、LZM、SOD活性维持在较高水平,不充气组(DO 2~5mg/L)刺参体腔液中ACP、AKP、LZM活性出现短暂升高。恢复性试验中,盐度20、25组对AKP活性和盐度20、40组对SOD活性的影响未恢复到初始水平,其余实验组均能恢复至初始水平,说明低盐对刺参免疫力的影响较大。充纯氧组刺参的AKP活性显著高于充空气组,表明高溶解氧水平在一定程度上提高了刺参免疫力。  相似文献   

4.
盐度对点篮子鱼的存活、生长及抗氧化防御系统的影响   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
在容积为500 L的圆锥形塑料缸中分别用对照(自然海水)、配制的盐度为20、10、5的海水和淡水(地下水)养殖点篮子鱼[(67.76?26.12) g],研究了不同盐度对点篮子鱼存活、生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示,淡水组第9天出现死亡,至第27天时死亡率达100%,其余各组未出现异常,死亡率为0%。各盐度组鱼的特定生长率未表现出显著性差异,但盐度10组鱼体重显著高于盐度20和盐度5组,与对照组无显著性差异;盐度5组全长显著低于其余各盐度组。驯化40 d后,对各组鱼鳃、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基活性检测结果显示,除盐度5组外,盐度10、20组点篮子鱼鳃、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉中SOD、CAT、抗超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基活性在驯化40 d后均恢复到对照组水平,组间无显著性差异;盐度5组中鱼鳃的SOD和抗超氧阴离子自由基活性显著高于盐度10和盐度20组,肝脏、肌肉和肾脏中SOD、CAT、抗超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基活性均恢复到对照组水平。点篮子鱼不同组织中SOD和CAT酶活力在不同盐度下均以肝脏中最高,肾脏和鳃次之,肌肉中最低;抗超氧阴离子自由基活力以肝脏中最高,极显著高于其余各组织中抗超氧阴离子自由基活力(P<0.01),肌肉次之,肾脏和鳃最低;羟自由基活力以肾脏中最高,显著高于其余各组织中羟自由基活力(P<0.05);鳃次之,肝脏和肌肉中最低,结果表明盐度能影响抗氧化酶活力大小,但并未影响鱼体内酶的分布。  相似文献   

5.
采用不同质量浓度的2种抗生素———G418硫酸盐(简称G418,试验浓度为0、40、80、160、240、320μg/mL)和氨苄青霉素(试验浓度为0、200、400、800、1 200、1 600μg/mL)对海水小球藻(Chlorella sp.)进行无菌化处理,研究抗生素种类及其质量浓度对海水小球藻细胞密度、叶绿素含量及光化学活性的影响,以确定对海水小球藻细胞无害并能抑制伴杂菌生长的抗生素种类及使用浓度。结果显示,不同质量浓度的G418均能显著抑制小球藻的生长,破坏其潜在光合活性(F_v/F_0),降低光合系统II(PSⅡ)的最大量子产量(F_v/F_m),阻碍其相对电子传递速率(ETR),降低光化学淬灭(q P),抑制作用随G418质量浓度的增加而增强;而氨苄青霉素对海水小球藻的影响则呈现低质量浓度促进、高质量浓度抑制的特征,具体表现为低质量浓度氨苄青霉素(≤800μg/mL)能够促进海水小球藻的生长,增强其潜在光合活性(F_v/F_0),提高其光合系统Ⅱ的最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m),促进其相对电子传递速率(ETR)并且增强光化学淬灭(q P)的能力,高质量浓度氨苄青霉素(1200μg/mL)对海水小球藻的生长、叶绿素含量以及荧光参数等指标则呈现抑制作用。研究结果表明,G418不适用于海水小球藻的无菌培养,可选择添加质量浓度不高于800μg/mL的氨苄青霉素对海水小球藻进行抑菌处理,建议添加的质量浓度为200μg/mL。  相似文献   

6.
不同饵料及其组合对黑鲍幼鲍生长及存活的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
试验研究人工配合饲料、细基江蓠繁枝变种(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)(下称江蓠)、江蓠 裂片石莼(Ulva faxciata)、江蓠 肠浒苔(Enteromorpha intesinalis)、江蓠 裂片石莼 肠浒苔共5种饵料搭配方式对黑鲍幼鲍生长和存活的影响。试验进行35d,结果表明:(1)不同试验组之间的幼鲍的存活没有显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)不同试验处理对幼鲍的生长有显著影响(P<0.05)。江蓠 浒苔组、人工配合饲料组的黑鲍的特定生长率都显著大于其它饵料组(P<0.05);饲喂混合海藻的黑鲍的特定生长率显著大于单一海藻组(P<0.05)。壳长增长率、湿重增重率和干重增重率亦呈相似趋势。(3)幼鲍对不同饵料组合的转化效率存在显著差异(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,在水温较高时用江蓠、石莼和浒苔组成的混合饵料代替人工配合饲料饲养幼鲍,同样可以达到高的生长率。  相似文献   

7.
用批次培养的方法,研究了不同氮源[NaNO_3、NaNO_2、NH_4Cl、(NH_2)_2CO]和总氮或总磷浓度固定(总氮0.8824 mol/L、总磷0.0367 mol/L)条件下不同氮磷比(分别为4∶1、8∶1、12∶1、16∶1和20∶1)对威氏海链藻生长速率、叶绿素a含量、PSⅡ光化学活性指标F_v/F_m和ETR的影响。结果表明:(1)相较于无机氮源,(NH_2)_2CO更加有利于提高威氏海链藻细胞密度和叶绿素a含量,试验中(NH_2)_2CO处理组威氏海链藻最大细胞密度和叶绿素a含量分别达3.67×10~(4 )个/mL和279.25 mg/L。(2)在总氮不变的条件下,不同氮磷比处理组威氏海链藻的细胞密度和叶绿素a含量随试验延续呈不断上升的趋势,而F_v/F_m和ETR却不断下降。在总磷不变的条件下,不同氮磷比处理组威氏海链藻的细胞密度和叶绿素a含量随试验进行变化幅度较小且均维持在较低水平,而F_v/F_m和ETR却逐渐上升。试验期间固定总氮各组威氏海链藻细胞密度和变化幅度均显著高于固定总磷各组,固定总氮各组的平均细胞密度是固定总磷各组的1.51倍;固定总氮各组的平均叶绿素a含量为固定总磷各组的1.99倍;固定总氮各组的平均F_v/F_m水平与固定总磷各组十分接近,分别为0.48和0.45;固定总氮各组的平均ETR水平是固定总磷各组的1.59倍。  相似文献   

8.
盐度升高对中华绒螯蟹几种非特异性免疫因子的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用逐步增盐法, 结合生物酶学测定, 研究了从淡水升高盐度到 7、14、21、28和35对二秋龄雌、雄中华绒螯蟹血清总蛋白、氧合血蓝蛋白含量及碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酚氧化酶(PO)活力的影响。结果显示, 随着盐度的升高, 中华绒螯蟹的血清总蛋白、氧合血蓝蛋白含量逐渐降低; AKP活性先略升高, 而后逐渐降低; 与雄蟹的PO活力逐渐降低相比, 雌蟹的PO活力先降低, 当盐度高于21后维持稳定水平; SOD活性先略降低, 盐度高于21被激活。除SOD外, 雌蟹血清各测定指标均显著高于雄蟹(P<0.05)。研究结果表明, 盐度接近或超过28将显著影响中华绒螯蟹3种免疫酶的活性及总蛋白和氧合血蓝蛋白的含量, 进而影响其免疫防御能力。  相似文献   

9.
驯化摄食对黑鲍饵料选择性的影响研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了黑鲍(Haliotis discus hannai♀×H·discusdiscus♂)对裂片石莼(Ulva faxciata)、龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)、海带(Laminaria japonica)、细基江蓠繁枝变种(G·tenuistipitata)、舌状蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia livi-da)和人工配合饲料6种饵料的选择性,继而通过实验研究了强制摄食驯化对黑鲍饵料选择性的影响。实验发现,在无饵料强制驯化的状态下,黑鲍对几种实验海藻的选择性依次为海带>石莼>江蓠>龙须菜>蜈蚣藻;在用单一饵料强制驯化7d后,黑鲍对几种实验海藻的选择性依次为海带>江蓠>石莼>龙须菜>蜈蚣藻。而黑鲍对人工配合饲料的摄食存在随机性,没有一定的规律。研究表明,海带是黑鲍最喜食的饵料,前期摄食驯化对其饵料选择性没有显著的影响。  相似文献   

10.
失水胁迫是野生条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)主要胁迫因子之一。为揭示条斑紫菜对失水胁迫的响应机制,本研究以2016年3月采自山东青岛湛山的野生藻体为材料,研究了失水胁迫下其光合作用和抗氧化生理响应特征。结果显示,随着失水胁迫程度的增大,PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)显著降低,在失水率60%左右时降至最低值,但复水1 h后可恢复正常值。叶绿素a(Chl a)、类胡萝卜素(Car)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量逐渐降低,藻红蛋白(R-PE)和藻蓝蛋白(R-PC)含量先下降后上升。藻胆蛋白(R-PE+R-PC)∶SP比值的变化趋势与藻胆蛋白的变化趋势类似,但在失水率40%时上升至对照水平,失水80%时显著高于对照值。丙二醛(MDA)含量在失水率≤30%时没有显著变化,失水率≥40%时显著上升,但失水率在40%–80%时,藻体间没有显著差异。在失水率≤20%时,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性没有显著变化,过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著上升;随着失水率增加,3种酶的活力显著下降,低于对照组,但失水率在50%–80%时,组间没有显著差异。根据以上结果推测:失水早期,抗氧化酶SOD、CAT,尤其POD起着关键的清除自由基作用,因此,MDA含量没有明显变化;随着失水程度增加,藻胆蛋白的抗逆作用逐渐显现,为藻体在复水后快速恢复光合作用(F_v/F_m)提供保障。  相似文献   

11.
Effects of the salinity and pH on ion-transport enzyme activities, survival and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae were investigated. Shrimp were transferred from salinity 31‰ and pH 8.1 to different salinity levels of 22, 25, 28, 31 (control), and to different pH levels of 7.1, 7.6, 8.1 (control), 8.6 and 9.1. The results showed ion-transport enzyme activities and weight gains of postlarvae were significantly affected by salinity and pH variation, which had no obvious effect on survival rate. The changing salinity affected the activities of total ATPase and Na+-K+-ATPase notably (F > F0.05), meanwhile, non-significantly to the activities of V-ATPase, HCO3-ATPase. Within 48 h of salinity changing, the activities of ATPase, Na+-K+-ATPase in each treatment group gradually increased with the sampling time and reached their climax at 48 h, and then stabilized, showing negative correlation with salinity. The changing of pH affected greatly the activities of ATPase, Na+-K+-ATPase, V-ATPase and HCO3-ATPase (F > F0.05), the activities of ATPase, Na+-K+-ATPase in each treatment group (pH = 7.1, 7.6, 8.6, 9.1) showed peak change within 72 h and stabilized afterwards, and the Na+-K+-ATPase activities came back to the level of the control group; Meanwhile the changing extent of V-ATPase and HCO3-ATPase activity corresponded with the grads of pH, and these ATPase activities showed negative correlation with pH changing, the activities of V-ATPase, HCO3-ATPase in postlarvae of each treatment group came to stable level after 24 h. The experiment also indicated the strength order of these ion-transport enzyme activities were as follows: Na+-K+-ATPase > V-ATPase > HCO3-ATPase. Na+-K+-ATPase was the chief undertaker of osmoregulation under the salinity effects, while V-ATPase and HCO3-ATPase were the chief osmoregulation undertakers under pH changing. In different salinity environment, the contributions of Na+-K+-ATPase, V-ATPase and HCO3-ATPase of L. vannamei postlarvae approximately accounted for 62.0-78.0%, 15.9-29.0% and 2.03-4.12% of ATPase activities in total, respectively. Meanwhile, in different pH medium, the contributions of these ATPases approximately accounted for 50.7-67.4%, 21.3-31.8% and 2.15-7.90% of total ATPase activities, respectively. Weight gain of shrimp transferred to salinity 31 (control) and 28‰ was significantly higher than that of shrimp reared at 25 and 22‰, and weight gain of shrimp transferred to pH 8.1 (control) and 8.6 was significantly higher that that of shrimp transferred to pH 7.1, 7.6 and 9.1. It was suggested that during the process of desalting and culturing of postlarvae, the salinity changing should not exceed 3 and pH variety not more than 0.5.  相似文献   

12.
Sea bream, Sparus aurata, is one of the most important fish species that is commonly cultured in the Mediterranean and the eastern coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The life cycle of sea bream in its natural habitat passes through hyposaline and hypersaline lagoons. It is important to determine the tolerance of the fish to nitrogenous compounds for aquaculture at maximum stocking densities. In the present study, a series of acute experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of salinity on ammonia and nitrite toxicity to sea bream. The fish were exposed to different ammonia and nitrite concentrations according to the static renewal methodology at three different salinities (10, 20, and 30 ppt) and at a temperature of 20 C and a pH of 8.2. The toxic effect of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2‐N) decreased with increasing salinity levels (P < 0.001). Acute toxicity (96‐h lethal concentration 50 [LC50]) values of TAN were determined to be 5.93, 11.72, and 19.38 mg/L at 10, 20, and 30 ppt salinity, respectively. The 96‐h LC50 values of NO2‐N were determined to be 370.80, 619.47, and 806.33 mg/L at 10, 20, and 30 ppt salinity, respectively. Results indicate that sea bream is less tolerant to ammonia but more tolerant to nitrite compared with some other fish species.  相似文献   

13.
近交对长牡蛎幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张景晓  李琪  葛建龙  王许波  孔令锋 《水产学报》2014,38(12):2005-2011
分别以2010年通过2个野生个体进行交配获得的A01全同胞家系和2011年通过A01家系子代进行交配获得A02全同胞家系为亲本,在2013年6月采用同时建立全同胞交配子一代F1(F=0.250)、全同胞交配子二代F2(F=0.375)及设置对照组(F=0)的方法,研究在相同环境条件下,不同实验组的受精率与孵化率以及近交对长牡蛎幼虫期、稚贝期生长和存活的影响,并初步探讨近交代数与近交衰退的关系。结果发现,各组的受精率均在90%以上,除F2组外其余2组的孵化率也在90%以上;幼虫阶段,F1组和F2组的壳高与壳长均从12日龄出现衰退(近交衰退系数,inbreeding depression coefficient,IDC0),且F2组壳高的近交衰退系数均小于同日龄F1组壳高的近交衰退系数;F1组和F2组的存活率在整个幼虫期间均出现衰退,且F1组和F2组存活率的近交衰退系数均随着幼虫日龄的增加而逐渐减小。稚贝阶段,F1组和F2组的平均壳高在各日龄均表现出近交衰退(IDC0),且F2组壳高的近交衰退系数均小于相同日龄F1组壳高的近交衰退系数;3个实验组的平均壳长在整个稚贝阶段无显著性差异;F1组和F2组存活率的衰退在不同日龄始终存在(IDC0),且随着稚贝日龄的增加其衰退程度逐渐加大。研究结果为长牡蛎选择育种和遗传改良提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

14.
Carp undergo temperature acclimation of respiratory function by altering mitochondrial ATP synthase (FoF1-ATPase) both quantitatively and qualitatively (Itoi et al. 2003). To address such acclimation temperature-dependent changes of FoF1-ATPase activity, we investigated in this study the correlation between the fatty acid composition and FoF1-ATPase activity in fast muscle of thermally acclimated carp. The quantities of saturated fatty acids of mitochondria from carp acclimated to 10 °C were significantly lower than those of carp acclimated to 30 °C. While mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids tended to increase with cold acclimation of carp, the molar concentration of 16:0 aldehyde in mitochondria from the 10 °C-acclimated carp were less than those from the 30 °C-acclimated fish. The specific activities of FoF1-ATPase in the 10 °C- and 30 °C-acclimated fish mitochondria were calculated to be 167±22 and 56±10 nmol/min ⋅ mg mitochondrial protein, respectively, the difference being significant at P<0.005. Taken together, the increase in FoF1-ATPase activity in fast muscle mitochondria of carp after cold temperature acclimation may be closely related to the increase of unsaturated fatty acids in mitochondria. Abbreviations: BSA - bovine serum albumin; DHA - docosahexaenoic acid; EGTA - ethyleneglycol bis(2-aminoethylether)tetraacetic acid; EPA - eicosapentaenoic acid; FoF1-ATPase - mitochondrial ATP synthase; α-F1-ATPase - FoF1-ATPase α-subunit; β-F1-ATPase - FoF1-ATPase β-subunit; HEPES - 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethanesulfonic acid; SDS - sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS-PAGE - SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

15.
为评估环境突变、被捕食、纳潮、非法捕捞和交尾死亡对资源量和渔获量的影响,及5种死亡因素和与生长有关的参数引入不确定性对估算生物学参考点(Fmax和F0.1)的影响,基于发展的可应用于研究放流增殖渔业的YPR(yield per recruitment)模型,模拟5种死亡因素不同水平下放流中国明对虾的资源变动规律。结果显示,环境突变、被捕食、纳潮、非法捕捞和交尾死亡水平越高,单位放流资源量和渔获量越少,交尾死亡尤其对累计单位放流渔获量的影响明显;在未引入不确定性时,作用于开捕前的环境突变、被捕食、纳潮和非法捕捞死亡的不同水平对生物学参考点无影响,与生长有关的参数及5种死亡因素引入不确定性可能存在低估F0.1和Fmax的现象。研究表明,减小与放流技术有关的环境突变、被捕食、纳潮和非法捕捞死亡水平对提高放流中国明对虾渔业效果有明显的作用,交尾死亡发生的时间及死亡水平对放流中国明对虾渔获有直接的影响,当参数引入不确定性时进行放流中国明对虾资源评估,生物学参考点的中位数较均值抗不确定性干扰能力更强。  相似文献   

16.
A long-term environmental study was conducted to evaluate the significance of water temperature, pH and salinity on the prevalence of Streptococcus iniae mortalities in barramundi sea-cage facilities. It was determined that there is a strong association between temperature and increased mortality, specifically between 25 and 28 °C. Temperatures outside of that range result in decreased mortalities attributed to S. iniae. There was no statistical significance between pH or salinity and S. iniae induced mortality (p > 0.05), although acidic conditions (< pH 6) occurring due to anthropogenic disturbances did result in acute mortalities and S. iniae was recovered from approximately 70% these fish. Laboratory challenge studies confirmed the temperature dependence of S. iniae infections as well as the increased susceptibility of barramundi to S. iniae during acid water conditions.  相似文献   

17.
The sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota is a good candidate for aquaculture, for large‐scale production of this sea cucumber, it is imperative to know the effects of salinity on its physiological performance. In this study, ingestion, oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion rates of the adult sea cucumber H.leucospilota (16.98 ± 1.14 g, wet weight) at various salinity levels (18, 23, 28, 33 and 38 PSU) were studied in the laboratory. The species were acclimated for 1 week at the desired salinity before testing, and were fed with sediment from their natural habitat during this period. Results showed that the minimum ingestion rate (0.02 ± 0.01 g g?1d?1) at a salinity of 18 PSU was significantly lower than those observed at salinities of 28, 33 and 38 PSU, and there was no significant difference among the values at 23, 28, 33 and 38 PSU. The maximum value of oxygen consumption rate recorded at a salinity of 28 PSU was significantly higher than the minimum at 18 PSU, no significant differences were observed among other treatments. The ammonium excretion rates of H. leucospilota also changed significantly in response to salinity variations, the maximum value observed at a salinity of 28 PSU (0.09 ± 0.03 μM g?1h?1) being nearly five times higher than the minimum value at a salinity of 38 PSU (0.02 ± 0.01 μM g?1h?1). The O:N ratio varied as a function of salinity. Lower O:N ratios (<11.0) at salinities below 23 PSU indicated protein‐dominated catabolism under hyposaline stress; the higher O:N ratio (46.5) at a salinity of 38 PSU indicated carbon‐based metabolism. Results of this study indicated that the sea cucumber H. leucospilota may have a wide tolerance of salinity variation. However, it is not a very suitable species for rearing in hyposaline water. This study provides useful information for improving aquaculture management in tropical and subtropical coastal areas.  相似文献   

18.
Six tilapia varieties were used in two 6 × 6 diallel crosses. Salinity was increased in daily increments of 7 g L?1 in five replicate trials to estimate the salinity tolerances of 2205 F1 juveniles from parental varieties and their reciprocal crosses. Genetic effects potentially influencing salinity tolerance were estimated, including line effects, maternal effects, reciprocal and specific reciprocal effects, direct heterosis, specific combining abilities (SCAs) and general combining abilities (GCAs). The mean heterosis, , for salinity tolerance was 4.46 g L?1 (P<0.01). The average mean salinity tolerance (MST) of the parental varieties was 35.2 g L?1, and yet, MSTs above 36 g L?1 were found in 21 of 34 variety crosses produced. In some instances, maternal effects offset line effects, while in others, these influences were complementary. Ten variety combinations exhibited significant (P<0.05) or highly significant (P<0.01) direct heterosis, and SCAs were significant (P<0.05) or highly significant (P<0.01) in five combinations. Reciprocal and specific reciprocal effects also influenced the salinity tolerance in some variety combinations. Direct line effects generally reflected MST rankings. The variance of cross means was 30.1% due to variety GCAs (primarily additive effects) and 69.9% due to SCAs (primarily dominance effects).  相似文献   

19.
To compare the flavor components of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in sea water and low salinity water, the chemical composition of muscle was analyzed, muscle extracts prepared, and their sensory components and sensory properties were assessed. Shrimp cultured in sea water had a higher content of crude protein, lower moisture, and a higher flesh pH compared to the low salinity samples (P<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in crude lipid and ash. The free amino acid composition of muscle extracts and the amino acid composition of peptides from shrimp cultured in sea water and low salinity water were similar, that is, the former had a very high content of glycine, arginine, proline and alanine, and the latter a very high content of glutamate, glycine, arginine, proline and alanine. The major components of nucleotides were adenosine monophosphate and inosine monophosphate, and the major components of organic acids were acetic acid and malic acid. Extracts from shrimp cultured in sea water had enhanced umami, sweetness and overall flavor, and less of an earthy-musty taste compared to samples cultured in low salinity water (P<0.05). Aftertaste did not differ between the two shrimp extracts (P>0.05).  相似文献   

20.
为探究我国北方海域花鲈繁育适宜盐度和pH处理的设定,及促进早期花鲈苗种推广,本研究针对不同盐度(0、15、20、25、30、35和40)与pH(5.5、6.5、7.5、8.5和9.5)条件下,北方人工繁殖花鲈受精卵的孵化率、畸形率及饥饿10 d后的存活情况进行了分析,并对花鲈初孵仔鱼进行不投饵耐饥饿实验,记录每日存活率(SR)及最终生存活力指数(SAI)。最后观测低盐0、养殖盐度30与高盐45对花鲈早期幼鱼生长性能的影响。结果显示,北方海域花鲈受精卵适宜孵化盐度为20~35,以盐度25组孵化率最高,适宜pH为6.5~7.5,以pH 6.5组孵化率最高。低盐15组中,具最低的孵化率及最高的畸形率,但在最终饥饿SR的统计中,低盐15组的SR及SAI明显高于盐度30与35组,推测低盐15接近花鲈体液等渗点,降低了渗透调节中的能量消耗,更利于存活。初孵仔鱼饥饿实验中,盐度20组SR下降相对平缓,在第8天仍有12.66%的SR(其他组已为0)。饥饿1 d时,各pH组SR均小于90%,以pH 6.5组SR最高,为89.11%。与盐度处理组相比,花鲈初孵仔鱼对pH变化较为敏感,其孵化率及最终SR显著低于盐度处理组。花鲈早期幼鱼盐度处理组中,低盐0与高盐45将对此规格花鲈幼鱼产生较大损伤,以高盐45抑制最显著,应为苗种盐度推广的上限,而花鲈生长盐度30与各处理盐度相比,较适合花鲈早期幼鱼的生长。研究结果将为北方海域花鲈繁育适宜盐度和pH处理的设定,及提高花鲈孵化率、育苗成活率与早期苗种推广提供基础资料。  相似文献   

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