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1.
绰斯甲河大渡裸裂尻鱼的年龄与生长特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以绰斯甲河流域大渡裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis malacanthus chengi)的微耳石和脊椎骨为年龄鉴定材料,对其进行了年龄鉴定,并比较了两种年龄鉴定材料的准确性,结果表明微耳石更适合于年龄鉴定。同时,以微耳石磨片为年龄鉴定和生长推算材料,对大渡裸裂尻鱼种群的生长特性进行了研究。结果显示:在相同年龄组内雌鱼个体显著大于雄鱼。雌、雄鱼体重与体长表现为异速生长:W♂=0.024 5×L2.793 4,W♀=0.021 3×L2.859 3。Von Bertalanffy生长方程为雌鱼Lt=32.319×[1-e-0.087×(t+4.024)],Wt=439.165×[1-e-0.087(t+4.024)]2.859 3;雄鱼Lt=23.195×[1-e-0.213×(t-1.008)],Wt=169.307 2×[1-e-0.213×(t-1.008)]2.793 4。雌、雄鱼的生长拐点年龄分别为8.1龄和6.0龄,对应的雌鱼体长和体重为L=21.06 cm,W=129.12 g;对应的雄鱼的体长和体重为L=15.18 cm,W=51.85 g。  相似文献   

2.
西藏布裙湖全唇裂腹鱼年龄与生长的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
全唇裂腹鱼(Schizothorax integrilabiatus)仅见于西藏地区雅鲁藏布江下游墨脱县境内的布裙湖,在物种进化和资源保护方面具有重要的研究价值。以耳石为年龄鉴定材料,对分布于布裙湖全唇裂腹鱼的年龄结构和生长特性进行了初步研究。结果显示,在所采集的252个样本中共包含7个年龄组(1~7龄),其中优势年龄组为1~3龄(占72.22%);体长与体重的关系方程为W=0.015 2 L3.057,属于匀速生长;采用von Bertalanffy模拟的生长方程为Lt=27.150[1-e~(-0.154(t+0.527))],W_t=368.029[1-e~(-0.154(t+0.527))]3.057。全唇裂腹鱼的体长生长速度曲线无拐点,随着年龄增长逐年降低,体重生长具有生长拐点,拐点年龄为6.73龄,所对应的体长和体重分别为18.27 cm和109.61 g。初步研究表明,全唇裂腹鱼属小型、低龄鱼类。  相似文献   

3.
基于2016年3月至2017年3月采自沅水支流無水的137尾样本,使用耳石和鳞片为年龄鉴定材料,对银鮈(Squalidus argentatus)的年龄结构和生长特征进行了研究。结果显示:研究样本体长范围为40~115 mm,优势体长组为60~100 mm(占86.1%);体重范围为1.1~23.6 g,优势体重组为3~12 g(占77.4%);共4个年龄组,1龄和2龄为优势年龄组(占93.2%)。体长和耳石半径为直线正相关,L=-9.062+258.896×R(n=132,r2=0.773);体长-体重关系方程为:W=8.557×10~(-6)×L3.134(r2=0.974,n=137),银鮈为异速生长鱼类;以退算体长拟合的von Bertalanffy方程为:Lt=177.7(1-e-0.235(t+0.193))(r2=0.909),Wt=96.1(1-e-0.235(t+0.193))3.13。估算的拐点年龄为4.7龄,对应的体长体重分别为120.9 mm和28.7 g。研究表明耳石是银鮈较好的年龄鉴定材料。沅江银鮈的年龄结构趋于简单,面临较大的捕捞压力,渔业主管部门应为保护其种质资源制定相应的措施。  相似文献   

4.
探究金沙江中下游细鳞裂腹鱼(Schizothorax chong)的年龄、生长及种群动态,可为其资源保护提供理论依据。2013-2017年在金沙江中下游干流攀枝花、巧家及其支流雅砻江、黑水河下游江段采集细鳞裂腹鱼170尾,逐尾测量全长、体长、体重,取臀鳞与微耳石为年龄鉴定材料,研究细鳞裂腹鱼的年龄结构、生长特征与种群动态。结果表明,金沙江中下游细鳞裂腹鱼以低龄个体(1~3龄)为主,臀鳞及耳石均能够作为其低龄个体的年龄鉴定材料;细鳞裂腹鱼体重(W)和体长(L)关系式为W=7.00×10-6L3.1885(R2=0.9867,n=170),雌雄个体间体长-体重关系无显著性差异(P>0.05);渐进体长(L)为774.74 mm,生长系数(k)为0.13,理论生长起点年龄(t 0)为-0.13龄;渐进体重(W∞)为11407.01 g,体长生长方程为Lt=774.74[1-e-0.13(t+0.13)],体重生长方程为Wt=11407.01[1-e-0.13(t+0.13)]3.1885,拐点年龄为8.79龄;种群总死亡系数(Z)为0.82,自然死亡系数(M)为0.26,当前开发率(E)为0.68,高于理论最大开发率(Emax)0.388;相对单位补充渔获量和生物量的结果也表现为过度捕捞特征,种群已处于过度利用状况。针对细鳞裂腹鱼的生态习性特征及其资源现状,建议采取生态调度、支流栖息地恢复及控制非法电捕等措施以保护其资源。  相似文献   

5.
基于2016年3月至2017年3月采自沅水支流無水的137尾样本,使用耳石和鳞片为年龄鉴定材料,对银鮈(Squalidus argentatus)的年龄结构和生长特征进行了研究。结果显示:研究样本体长范围为40~115 mm,优势体长组为60~100 mm(占86.1%);体重范围为1.1~23.6 g,优势体重组为3~12 g(占77.4%);共4个年龄组,1龄和2龄为优势年龄组(占93.2%)。体长和耳石半径为直线正相关,L=-9.062+258.896×R(n=132,r2=0.773);体长-体重关系方程为:W=8.557×10~(-6)×L3.134(r2=0.974,n=137),银鮈为异速生长鱼类;以退算体长拟合的von Bertalanffy方程为:Lt=177.7(1-e-0.235(t+0.193))(r2=0.909),Wt=96.1(1-e-0.235(t+0.193))3.13。估算的拐点年龄为4.7龄,对应的体长体重分别为120.9 mm和28.7 g。研究表明耳石是银鮈较好的年龄鉴定材料。沅江银鮈的年龄结构趋于简单,面临较大的捕捞压力,渔业主管部门应为保护其种质资源制定相应的措施。  相似文献   

6.
对2013年5月和9月在金沙江上游支流赠曲采集的98尾裸腹叶须鱼(Ptychobarbus kaznakovi)进行了年龄和生长特性的研究。渔获物的优势体长组为150~200 mm,占62.38%,优势体重组在14.3~150 g,占87.63%;体长体重关系为W=2×10-5L2.884;以臀鳞为年龄鉴定材料,结果显示,裸腹叶须鱼渔获样本由3~10龄组成,其中3~6龄个体占94.2%;von Bertalanffy生长方程为:Lt=668.35[1-e~(-0.0662(t+0.83))],Wt=2807.6[1-e~(-0.0662(t+0.83))]~(2.884);生长系数k为0.066 2,说明裸腹叶须鱼为生长缓慢型鱼类;体重生长的拐点年龄为15.17龄,对应的体长和体重分别为436.61 mm和822.35 g。  相似文献   

7.
研究鱼类的年龄结构与生长特性可为评价天然水体野生资源的动态变化提供理论依据,鳞片是低龄鱼可靠的年龄鉴定材料;由于营养不足和水环境因素的影响,高龄鱼出现年轮被机体重吸收、鳞片生长明显慢于机体生长的现象,导致用鳞片鉴定年龄的准确性明显降低。以2008年1月至2010年1月采集于乌江上游总溪河的113尾四川裂腹鱼(Schizothorax kolzovi)为材料,对比臀鳞、脊椎骨、鳃盖骨和微耳石材料并鉴定年轮,研究其年龄与生长的关系。结果表明,四川裂腹鱼体长和体重在雌雄群体间的差异不显著(P >0.05),体重(W;g)和体长(L;mm)拟合关系式为 W=0.00002L2.9511(R2=0.9543,n =113);对比选择臀鳞鉴定年龄、测量鳞径,并建立 von Berta-lanffy 生长方程,Lt =598.39[1-e -0.0929(t +3.3636)]和 Wt =3134.65[1-e -0.0929(t +3.3636)]2.9511。采集的四川裂腹鱼群体由1~4龄组成,优势年龄组为3龄,占标本总数的57.5%,年龄结构趋于低龄化;体重生长拐点年龄为8.3龄,对应的体长和体重分别为395.62 mm 和924.39 g。  相似文献   

8.
2011-2012年在乌江思南江段采集454尾(雌性298尾,雄性109尾,性别不辨47尾)泉水鱼(Pseudogyrincheilus procheilus),以鳞片作为材料对年龄进行鉴定,利用软件FISAT-II处理体长与年龄数据,对其生长方程、生长拐点等生物学特征进行了研究。结果表明,泉水鱼鳞片为圆鳞,年轮主要表现为普通切割型与普通疏密型;年龄组成为1~4龄,其中以2~3龄为主;1~4龄,体长增长率为47.4%,雌性体长增长率达50.4%,雄性体长增长率为35.0%,体重增长率为438.5%,雌性体重增长率为485.1%,雄性体重增长率为275.9%;体重(W)与体长(L)呈幂指数关系:W=2×10-6L3.4784(R2=0.8824),雌鱼为:W=3×10-6L3.4002(R2=0.8505),雄鱼为:W=2×10-5L3.019(R2=0.8112);体长(L)和鳞径(S)呈幂函数相关:L=92.597S0.5458;Von Bertalanfy生长方程的各参数为:渐进体长L∞=278.10 mm,生长系数k=0.22,t0=-1.80;雌鱼各参数为:L∞=355.01 mm,k=0.14,t0=-2.38;雄鱼各参数为:L∞=224.04 mm,k=0.32,t0=-1.72,雄鱼达到渐进体长的速度比雌鱼要快得多;体长生长速度和加速度不具拐点,生长速度随年龄增加而递减,生长加速度始终为负值,随年龄增加而增大;体重生长速度和加速度都具有拐点,拐点年龄ti=3.87,拐点体长Li=198.22 mm,拐点体重Wi=195.59 g。结合泉水鱼生长拐点年龄和性成熟年龄,为保护乌江思南泉水鱼资源,建议以180 mm为最小捕捞个体的体长。  相似文献   

9.
东海北部、黄海南部黄鮟鱇的年龄和生长   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用黄鮟鱇Lophius litulon耳石对2007年3月~2009年5月取自东海北部、黄海南部黄鮟鱇的年龄和生长特征进行了分析。结果显示,黄鱼安鱼康群体由1~5龄组成,以1~2龄鱼为主,捕捞群体呈低龄化;生长特点属均匀生长型,体重与体长关系为W=1.55897×10-5L3.10865,体长与耳石半径关系为L=244.11R-210.6,体长生长方程为Lt=749.9[1-e-0.349(t+0.256)],体重生长方程为Wt=13496.4[1-e-0.349(t+0.256)]3.10865,极限年龄Tmax为8.337龄,生长拐点年龄ti为2.994龄,此时对应的体长和体重分别为508.8mm和4038.7g。为保护黄鮟鱇资源,应限捕体长在500mm以下的个体。  相似文献   

10.
根据2017-2019年在洞庭湖采集的228尾花[鱼骨](Hemibarbus maculatus)样本,使用耳石和鳞片研究其年龄、生长和资源现状。结果显示:耳石和鳞片是良好的年龄鉴定材料,鳞片上年轮特征以普通切割型为主,耳石重量可用于粗略、快速年龄鉴定。样本体长90~262 mm,优势体长组120~180 mm;体重11.0~399.0 g,优势体重组为20.0~80.0 g;年龄组成1~4龄,1龄为优势年龄组。体长体重关系:W=7.434×10^-6 L s 3.165,b值显著大于3,为异速生长鱼类。Von Bertalanffy生长方程:L t=301.4[1-e-0.471(t+0.341)],W t=522.0[1-e-0.471(t+0.341)]3.165,拐点年龄2.11龄(体长206.2 mm,体重156.9 g)。花[鱼骨]为典型的r-选择鱼类,总死亡系数3.321,自然死亡系数0.823,开发率为0.752,种群处于过度开发状态。建议起捕体长为172.2 mm,开发率降至0.601,同时在繁殖季节设置人工鱼巢,以恢复洞庭湖花[鱼骨]种群资源。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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