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2016年6月至2019年11月,按照样线法和样点法,结合历史文献资料及景观斑块分析方法,开展了伊犁河谷河流典型湿地鸟类及其栖息地现状调查。记录到伊犁河谷湿地鸟类物种114种,隶属于17目37科。雀形目占调查鸟类种属的32%,其次是雁形目、鸻形目,三者占比为50%,是湿地的优势群类。隶属古北界的鸟类占总种属的62%,广布种占31%,东洋界占7%。夏候鸟最多,占42%,冬候鸟占4%,留鸟占37%,旅鸟占5%,繁殖鸟占11%。伊犁河谷湿地鸟类多样性与历史资料直观对比下降明显。主要原因是40多年来,伊犁河谷鸟类的主要栖息地----伊犁河谷湿地面积锐减,景观斑块破碎化严重及人类活动增强。伊犁河谷湿地及其鸟类现状不容乐观,急待全面调查并采取适宜的应对之策。 相似文献
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西北太平洋柔鱼栖息地适宜性变动研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)是西北太平洋重要的经济头足类,其栖息地受到气候变化的显著影响。根据中国鱿钓渔船在38°~45°N、140°~160°E作业渔场内的生产数据以及卫星遥感数据,利用信息增益技术选取关键环境因子,以单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)作为适应性指数,使用算术平均法(AM)和联乘法(GM)分别建立综合栖息地指数模型,对比异常环境条件下(厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件)柔鱼栖息地适宜性变动情况。结果表明,1998年La Ni■a事件发生时,西北太平洋传统作业渔场温度升高,海表温度(SST)相对正常年份2008年平均上升2. 72℃;而2009年El Ni■o事件发生时,SST相对正常年份降低0. 45℃。栖息地综合指数模型结果表明,1998年作业比重主要分布于在栖息地指数(HSI)大于0. 8的范围内,作业比重达到80%;2008年作业比重主要分布在HSI值0. 6~0. 8和0. 8~1. 0之间,所占比重在30%~50%左右; 2009年作业比重主要分布在HSI值0. 4~0. 6、0. 6~0. 8和0. 8~1. 0之间,作业比重平均约为32%。此外HSI值低于0. 2的区间面积随着La Ni■a事件、正常年份和El Ni■o事件递增,而HSI值大于0. 4的区间面积随着La Ni■a事件、正常年份和El Ni■o事件递减。研究认为,1998年La Ni■a事件发生时西北太平洋海域柔鱼适宜栖息地面积增加,而2009年El Ni■o事件发生时柔鱼栖息地适宜性变差,导致柔鱼产量变低。 相似文献
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鄱阳湖通江水道是多种洄游性鱼类完成生活史过程的重要通道, 具有重要的生态功能, 对于长江中下游鱼类资源的养护及其多样性维持至关重要。为了解越冬时期鄱阳湖通江水道中不同体长鱼类资源的空间分布规律及栖息生境状况, 本研究将鱼类声学探测、生境遥感定量制图分析和三维水动力模拟相结合, 分别绘制出 3 种不同体长鱼类群落的水深(SID)、流速(SIV)、坡度(SIS)等单因子生境适宜度指数曲线, 并利用乘积法建立栖息地适宜性指数(habitat suitability index, HSI)模型, 对通江水道中不同水域的鱼类生境适宜度进行对比和评估。结果表明, 鄱阳湖通江水道越冬时期鱼类平均全长为(10.1±5.73) cm, 主要分布在屏峰山以北的湖口县、鞋山和屏峰附近 3 个水域; 小体长鱼类群组(1~20 cm)水深的生境适宜度曲线为双峰型, 最适宜水深包括 3.06~4.59 m 和 9.18~12.24 m 两个区间, 流速为 0.05~0.13 m/s, 坡度为 0~2.23°; 中等体长组(20~40 cm)及大体长组(＞40 cm)鱼类适宜的水深、流速和坡度的生境适宜度曲线均为单峰型, 其中中等体长组最适宜栖息的生境因子范围为水深 9.18~13.77 m、流速 0.05~0.13 m/s 和坡度 0~2.23°, 大体长组为 13.77~15.3 m、0.10~0.13 m/s 和 0~2.23°。 相似文献
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为探讨全球气候变化对东海鲐鱼(Scomber japonicus)栖息地时空分布的影响,减缓气候变化对鲐鱼渔场的不利影响,基于CMIP6气候模式输出的2.5 m (Temp＿2.5 m)、25 m (Temp＿25 m)和50 m (Temp＿50 m)水温数据分析3种未来气候情境下(SSP126、SSP370和SSP585)东海鲐鱼栖息地的时空变化。结果表明,SSP126情境下,2015—2100年渔场内所有水层温度整体变化幅度较小。SSP370和SSP585情境下,各水层温度均明显上升。3个水层温度在2015—2020、2055—2060和2095—2100年具有明显空间变化。2015—2100年东海鲐鱼渔场的栖息地指数(Habitat suitability index, HSI)和适宜栖息地面积比例在SSP126、SSP370和SSP585情境下整体呈下降趋势,而不适宜栖息地面积呈上升趋势。不同气候变化情境下,东海鲐鱼适宜栖息地在2015—2020、2055—2060和2095—2100年3个时间段内主要分布在122°E—126°E、28°N—30°N范围内,不适宜栖息地主要分... 相似文献
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海表水温变化影响着中上层鱼类栖息地分布。本研究根据2003—2012年7—12月的近海日本鲭生产统计数据,结合海表温度(SST)数据,利用正态函数分布的方法,分别以作业次数和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)为指标建立基于水温的适应性指数(SI),取二者平均值作为栖息地适应性指数(HSI)。在气候变化背景下,假设SST上升或下降0.5、1、2°C时,对各月近海日本鲭最适宜栖息地(HSI0.8)空间和面积变化情况进行预测。结果显示,SST上升时,近海日本鲭适宜栖息地有明显的北移现象,7—12月最适栖息地面积增减比重为–73.1%～44.7%;SST下降时,有明显的南移现象,7—12月最适宜栖息地面积增减比重为–54.9%～123.4%。该研究结果可用于在SST上升等气候变化背景下,以及近海海况发生变化等情况下,对日本鲭栖息地和作业渔场时空分布进行预测。 相似文献
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水生植物种植是实现水鸟栖息地恢复的重要手段。目前面向湖泊的水生植物种植设计主要是针对水质治理,对水鸟栖息地的保护研究较少,且很少考虑植物种植对水位过程的适应性。本文将湖泊水位过程及植物生长特性相结合,提出一种满足鸟类栖息地恢复的水生植物种植设计新方案。以洪泽湖国家湿地自然保护区为例,根据当地鸟类栖息地的实际需求,将芦苇（Phragmites australis）等7种水生植物确定为种植对象。依据洪泽湖湖底高程,结合不同植物的生长水位要求以及植物发挥鸟类觅食及遮蔽两大功能的需求,探究了历史极端水位过程、历史平均水位过程及优化水位过程下的可种植水生植物种类及其可种植区域,并给出种植方案。结果表明：历史极端水位过程下,仅能种植芦苇1种水生植物,对鸟类栖息地恢复作用有限;历史平均水位过程下,可种植植物增加到4种,有利于扩展鸟类栖息地面积;优化水位过程下,能种植全部7种水生植物,并有效恢复鸟类栖息地面积。本研究面向洪泽湖湿地保护区鸟类栖息地保护,依据鸟类及植物对水位过程的需求提出植物种植方案,提高了方案的针对性,准确性,可为洪泽湖湿地植被恢复及鸟类栖息地保护提供借鉴。 相似文献
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径流量是体现流域水量特征的重要指标。旬河作为汉江上游的主要支流,其径流量变化直接关系到丹江口水库(南水北调中线工程水源地)的储水量。以历史时期(1995-2015年)旬河流域实测径流量数据为基础,选择驱动SWAT水文模型,定量探究旬河流域径流量对气候变化的响应。结果表明,校准期和验证期决定系数(R~2)分别为0.85和0.87,Nash-Sutteliffe效率系数(NSE)分别为0.85和0.84,SWAT水文模型对旬河流域径流量模拟结果良好。采用英国Hadley气候中心预测的未来气候模式RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6.0、RCP8.5,对2036-2055年的气象数据进行4种未来气候情景模拟,发现在历史气候情景下,三季度降水量对全年径流量贡献度最大,且四季度的径流量对三季度的降水量存在一定滞后效应;在RCP8.5情景下,雨季将提前且持续周期延长。研究结果可为政策部门在水资源宏观调控、极端气候预防和防洪减灾等方面提供参考。 相似文献
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为了探究不同印度洋偶极子模态(Indian Ocean Dipole,IOD)下西南印度洋深海散射层(Deep scattering layer,DSL)热点栖息地分布,研究选取2012年10月到2020年7月间的西南印度洋海域声学调查数据,利用热点分析方法和最大熵模型,分析不同IOD模态下DSL热点栖息地的变动规律。结果显示,不同IOD模态的最大熵模型精度均大于0.9,模型预测效果较好,其中溶解氧是对栖息地分布贡献率最高的因子,平均贡献率为50.88%。DSL热点适宜栖息地的重心主要在西北-东南方向移动,第一个IOD冷相位时期热点适宜栖息地重心变动最为明显。DSL热点的适宜栖息地分布在30°S-45°S和11℃和22℃等温线之间,具有一定的纬度相关性。研究表明,不同IOD模态下DSL热点受溶解氧和海表面温度等变化的影响,其适宜栖息地变动明显,最大熵模型可以较好的预测DSL热点栖息地的分布。本研究可为阐明DSL空间分布和资源变动规律提供新的参考。 相似文献
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An assessment of climate change impacts on the habitat suitability of fish species is an important tool to improve the understanding and decision‐making needed to reduce potential climate change effects based on the observed relationships of biological responses and environmental conditions. In this study, we use historical (2010–2015) environmental sea surface temperature (SST), upwelling index (UI), chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) and biological (i.e., anchovy adults acoustic presence) data (i.e., Maxent) to determine anchovy habitat suitability in the coastal areas off central‐northern (25°S–32°S) Chile. Using geographic information systems (GIS), the model was forced by changes in regionalized SST, UI and Chl‐a as projected by IPCC models under the RPC (i.e., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) emissions scenarios for the simulation period 2015–2050. The model simulates, for all RCP scenarios, negative responses in anchovy presence, reflecting the predicted changes in environmental variables, dominated by a future positive (warming) change in SST and UI, and a decrease in chlorophyll‐a (i.e., phytoplankton biomass). The model predicts negative changes in habitat suitability in coastal areas from north of Taltal (25°S) to south of Caldera (27°45′S) and in Coquimbo littoral zone (29°–30°12′S). The habitat suitability models and climate change predictions identified in this study may provide a scientific basis for the development of management measures for anchovy fisheries in the coastal areas of the South American coast and other parts of the world. 相似文献
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Abstract – We investigated the variations of population of two cyprinids, Varicorhinus alticorpus and Varicorhinus barbatulus , using long-term survey data (1995–2004) in the subtropical island of Taiwan. Fish abundance data showed that at the mainstem stations, V. barbatulus which used to dominate in the higher altitude had declined significantly, while V. alticorpus that used to occupy only the lower altitude had spread upward. However, at the tributaries, trend of the populations of V. barbatulus were not significantly different over time, while populations of V. alticorpus were absent at higher altitude but began to increase at lower altitude. Environmental parameters revealed that sporadic high turbidity was observed at the mainstem stations, but not at the tributaries. Images taken before and after typhoon also showed habitat destruction by debris flow at the mainstem stations. As some models predicted that suitable fish habitats will shrink because of increasing water temperature due to global warming, we showed that fish distribution may be affected by habitat disturbance due to intensified storms sooner than the actual increase of water temperature. 相似文献
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Christopher J. Brown Andrew Broadley Maria F. Adame Trevor A. Branch Mischa P. Turschwell Rod M. Connolly 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(1):1-14
At the crux of the debate over the global sustainability of fisheries is what society must do to prevent over‐exploitation and aid recovery of fisheries that have historically been over‐exploited. The focus of debates has been on controlling fishing pressure, and assessments have not considered that stock production may be affected by changes in fish habitat. Fish habitats are being modified by climate change, built infrastructure, destructive fishing practices and pollution. We conceptualize how the classification of stock status can be biased by habitat change. Habitat loss and degradation can result in either overly optimistic or overly conservative assessment of stock status. The classification of stock status depends on how habitat affects fish demography and what reference points management uses to assess status. Nearly half of the 418 stocks in a global stock assessment database use seagrass, mangroves, coral reefs and macroalgae habitats that have well‐documented trends. There is also considerable circumstantial evidence that habitat change has contributed to over‐exploitation or enhanced production of data‐poor fisheries, like inland and subsistence fisheries. Globally many habitats are in decline, so the role of habitat should be considered when assessing the global status of fisheries. New methods and global databases of habitat trends and use of habitats by fishery species are required to properly attribute causes of decline in fisheries and are likely to raise the profile of habitat protection as an important complementary aim for fisheries management. 相似文献
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１９８７－２００４年洞庭湖典型湿地类型动态分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
洞庭湖湿地是我国重要的湖泊湿地,先后经历了大范围围湖造田和退田还湖。选取1987年12月、1995年12月和2004年12月3期TM遥感影像,通过决策树分类方法对其进行分类,计算土地利用类型转移矩阵,对洞庭湖典型湿地类型面积动态变化进行分析,以了解1987-2004年退田还湖前后自然湿地与人工湿地相互转化状况,为今后洞庭湖湿地保护提供数据支撑。结果表明,1987-2004年,人工湿地减少,自然湿地增长,增长主要集中在草滩地和芦苇滩地,草滩地增长速率为23.85km2/a,芦苇滩地增长速率为1.97km2/a。1987-1995年,尽管湿地总体上呈现增长,但自然湿地退化严重;1995-2004年,人工湿地呈现下降趋势,在自然湿地中,水域与泥沙滩地总体变化不明显,芦苇滩地与草滩地呈现增长。退田还湖对湿地保护起到了主要作用,但仍存在一些围湖造田现象,退田还湖工程实施没有得到完全落实。 相似文献
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运用mtDNAPCR RFLP技术对位于长江中游的洞庭湖、涨渡湖、长湖黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrusfulvidraco)自然群体的种群遗传结构进行比较分析。PCR技术扩增出黄颡鱼mtDNAND1/2基因,选用8种限制性内切酶对PCR产物进行酶切,3个群体的黄颡鱼共检出15种单倍型,单倍型间的遗传距离为0 20%～2 08%(0 8135%±0 4095%)。各不同群体的单倍型在系统树上有部分交叉,虽然不同群体在各单倍型中出现的频率有所不同,但每个群体都和其他群体存在共有的单倍型。尽管单倍型的分布或结构有所不同,但种群间的遗传距离不大,与通江型湖泊相比,两个阻隔型湖泊间的遗传距离更为接近。 相似文献
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Miranda C. Jones Stephen R. Dye John k. Pinnegar Rachel Warren William W.L. Cheung 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2013,23(5):710-722
- The inherent complexity of the environment is such that attempts to model it must operate under simplifications and assumptions. Considering predictions from alternative models, with a range of assumptions and data requirements, therefore provides a more robust approach.
- The intractability and uncertainty resulting from a suite of predictions may hinder the application of science in policy, where a single prediction with little ambiguity or uncertainty would be most desirable. Few studies modelling species' distributions attempt to present multi‐model outputs in a format most useful to the non‐modelling community, and none of these have done so for the marine environment.
- The problem of uncertainty is particularly prevalent in predicting the distribution of invasive alien species under climate change. As invasive alien species are one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss and may incur significant economic costs, the benefit of applying predictions to highlight areas of possible establishment and inform policy and management may be large.
- An ensemble prediction is used to assess the distribution of suitable habitat for the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in UK waters both currently and in the future. The ensemble incorporates predictions from three species distribution models, using data from two global climate models. A method is developed highlighting the agreement of the ensemble, further applying threshold values to retain information from constituent predictions in the final map of agreement.
- Ensemble predictions made here suggest that Pacific oyster will experience an opening of suitable habitat in northern UK waters, reaching the Faroe Islands and the eastern Norwegian Sea by 2050. Habitat suitability will increase with warming temperatures in the English Channel and Central North Sea for this species. The approaches applied here can be incorporated into risk assessment frameworks for invasive species, as stipulated in the Convention on Biological Diversity.
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- Intertidal habitat maps are needed at both fine and coarse scales to monitor change and inform conservation and management, but current methods of field survey and expert interpretation of aerial imagery can be time‐consuming and subjective. Object‐based image analysis (OBIA) of remote sensing data is increasingly employed for producing habitat or land cover maps. Users create automated workflows to segment imagery, creating ecologically meaningful objects, which are then classified based on their spectral or geometric properties, relationships to other objects and contextual data.
- This study evaluates the change‐detection capability of OBIA in the intertidal environment by developing and comparing two OBIA methods for quantifying change in extent and distribution of habitats from freely available multi‐temporal aerial imagery and LiDAR data. Despite considerable variability in the data, pre‐ and post‐classification change detection methods had sufficient accuracy (mean overall accuracy from 70.5 to 82.6%) to monitor deviation from a background level of natural environmental fluctuation.
- This insight into spatial and temporal patterns of natural cyclical change and their detectability by OBIA could inform use of remote sensing for regular, rapid coastal assessment, providing an alert system to direct survey resources to areas of ecologically relevant change.
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Shiang‐Lin Huang Chongwei Peng Mo Chen Xianyan Wang Thomas A. Jefferson Youhou Xu Xueying Yu Yanling Lao Jian Li Hu Huang Haiping Wu 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(3):472-485
- Habitat configuration is an important baseline to delineate protected area design, refine impact mitigation measures and define habitat protection plans for threatened species. For coastal delphinids, outlining their habitat configuration becomes a real challenge when faced with large distribution ranges that straddle international borders, leaving broad information gaps in uninvestigated areas.
- This study projected likely habitats of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis, in the Beibu Gulf (Gulf of Tonkin) based on occurrence data and remotely sensed oceanographic characteristics. Net primary productivity was derived to measure the ecosystem service of humpback dolphin habitats.
- Bathymetry and chlorophyll‐a concentration are major variables contributing to humpback dolphin habitat configuration, which is characterized by shallow water depth and high primary productivity. Three major, likely habitats were identified in the northern Beibu Gulf from western Leizhou Peninsula to the China–Vietnam border, western Gulf of Tonkin from the Red River estuary to the central coast of Vietnam, and south‐western Hainan Island. Less than 9% of likely habitats are currently protected by marine protected areas.
- Affinity to high primary productivity and shallow depths implies that prey abundance and foraging efficiency influence habitat selection by Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins. Anthropogenic activities potentially altering oceanographic characteristics may impact regional marine ecosystem functions, and hence habitat configuration.
- Habitat protection actions for Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins include implementing coordinated and systematic surveys in major habitats, associating core habitat protection with protected area networks and maritime function zoning, ensuring ecosystem function integrity within major habitats, and reducing both explicit lethal impacts and implicit anthropogenic impacts from activities that change oceanographic features. The habitat protection plan should not only consider marine habitats, but also adjacent coastal landscapes and river catchments. This requires coordination, collaboration and information sharing between scientific research teams, government policy representatives, non‐governmental organizations, local communities and other interested stakeholders.