首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
环境雌激素作为一类内分泌干扰物进入人和动物体内后,能干扰机体内分泌系统的正常功能,通过多种机制表现出拟天然雌激素或者抗天然雄激素的作用。双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)和酞酸酯(也称作邻苯二甲酸酯,Phthalic Acid Esters,PAEs)是具有雌激素类活性的环境内分泌干扰物,广泛存在于水环境中,并对水生动物特别是鱼类的安全造成潜在威胁。本文总结了目前BPA和PAEs对鱼类毒性效应的研究成果,特别是内分泌干扰作用和生殖毒性,为评估这两类环境污染物对鱼类的影响提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
内分泌干扰物的研究目前正逐渐成为国际研究新的热点,但长期暴露条件下对生殖情况的研究目前较少。本文研究了环境类雌激素双酚A(BPA)以及和壬基酚(NP)联合的作用,对暴露一个世代的斑马鱼(F1)(Danio rerio)的生殖情况、子代质量的影响。将健康的受精卵48h后暴露于200,500,1000μg·L^-1 BPA以及三个浓度与30μg·L^-1 NP的联合,同时设置空白对照和30μg·L^-1 NP对照。130dph将成鱼置于清水喂养20d,统计每天的产卵量、产卵次数、畸形率、孵化率、卵径、破膜时间以及耐饥时间。以此为终点评估暴露后斑马鱼的生殖能力和子代质量。与对照相比NP,BPA可以抑制斑马鱼的生殖,两种类雌激素联合作用可以极显著地抑制斑马鱼的生殖(P〈0.01);BPA各浓度组导致F1代畸形率上升(P〈0.05);高浓度BPA抑制产卵量(P〈0.05);BPA200,500μg·L^-1会延长F1代的破膜时间和耐饥时间(P〈0.01),而BPA1000μg·L^-1则产生相反的效果(P〈0.05)。双酚A对斑马鱼的生殖有明显的抑制作用,双酚A和壬基酚有协同效应。长时间暴露于双酚A会影响斑马鱼的生殖能力和子代质量。  相似文献   

3.
环境内分泌干扰物对鱼类影响的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
水环境中的内分泌干扰物可导致鱼类性别特征丧失和后代不能繁殖,损伤神经、免疫和内分泌系统,引起鱼类种群生存力和资源量下降。介绍了环境内分泌干扰物的概念、种类、作用机制和危害特征,着重阐述了其对鱼类生理生化的影响,讨论了环境内分泌干扰物的降解与研究前景。  相似文献   

4.
双酚A和壬基酚长期暴露对斑马鱼繁殖的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
内分泌干扰物的研究目前正逐渐成为国际研究新的热点,但长期暴露条件下对生殖情况的研究目前较少.本文研究了环境类雌激素双酚A(BPA)以及和壬基酚(NP)联合的作用,对暴露一个世代的斑马鱼(F1)(Danio rerio)的生殖情况、子代质量的影响.将健康的受精卵48 h后暴露于200,500,1 000 μg·L-1 BPA以及三个浓度与30 μg·L-1 NP的联合,同时设置空白对照和30 μg·L-1 NP对照.130 dph将成鱼置于清水喂养20 d,统计每天的产卵量、产卵次数、畸形率、孵化率、卵径、破膜时间以及耐饥时间.以此为终点评估暴露后斑马鱼的生殖能力和子代质量.与对照相比NP,BPA可以抑制斑马鱼的生殖,两种类雌激素联合作用可以极显著地抑制斑马鱼的生殖(P<0.01);BPA各浓度组导致F1代畸形率上升(P<0.05);高浓度BPA抑制产卵量(P<0.05);BPA200,500 μg·L-1会延长F1代的破膜时间和耐饥时间(P<0.01),而BPA1 000 μg·L-1则产生相反的效果(P<0.05).双酚A对斑马鱼的生殖有明显的抑制作用,双酚A和壬基酚有协同效应.长时间暴露于双酚A会影响斑马鱼的生殖能力和子代质量.  相似文献   

5.
邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是工业上广泛使用的塑料增塑剂,具有神经毒性和生殖发育毒性,能够损伤动物和人的肝脏、肾脏,是一类重要的环境内分泌干扰物质,被列为世界各国“优先污染物”黑名单。饮食是人体暴露于PAEs最主要的途径之一,已在多种食品中检测出PAEs残留。而水产品是人类蛋白质的重要来源,其安全性直接影响消费者的健康。文章从国内外两方面综述了水产品中PAEs污染现状,通过危害鉴定、剂量-反应分析、暴露评价和风险表征等方面论述了通过摄食途径暴露于PAEs的健康风险评价方法,并对今后的研究趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

6.
魏华  吕众 《中国水产》2009,(3):62-63
环境内分泌干扰物广泛存在于自然水体中,影响水生动物生存和人类健康。利用鱼类检测水中内分泌干扰物是一个有效方法。本文介绍了利用鱼类评测水中内分泌干扰物的研究现状,并展望了以鱼类作为对象更加全面的评测内分泌干扰物的前景。  相似文献   

7.
环境内分泌干扰物对水生态环境造成了严重的污染,生活在水中的鱼类也因此受到危害。从鱼类生长发育、性分化和繁殖等方面论述了内分泌干扰物对鱼类及其种群的影响,探讨了内分泌干扰物研究对于保护水生生物和渔业资源的重要性,并讨论了水体内分泌干扰物的研究趋势。  相似文献   

8.
环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs),是一类存在于环境介质中并介导生物体内分泌激素的合成、释放、代谢、结合和排泄作用,对其后代产生有害影响的外源性化学物质;因干扰内分泌系统的过程与雌激素类似,故也被称为环境激素[1-2] 。环境内分泌干扰物分为自然存在和人为合成,人为合成的主要来源于人类广泛的农业和工业活动,如常见的有机氯农药、己烯雌酚、双酚A、多环芳烃类和多氯联苯类(PCBs)等,研究表明,其中已有300多种物质危害人类和动物的健康 [3-5] 。近年来随着环境内分泌干扰物的广泛应用以及未经处理的各类废水排放,使得各地环境受到不同程度的污染。Luo等 [6] 检测分析了湘江的21种环境内分泌干扰物的质量浓度水平,发现烷基酚的质量浓度最高,为0.8~3100 ng/L;Kumirska等 [7] 利用气相色谱质谱法分析污水处理厂的污泥和鱼塘沉积物,检出17-β-雌二醇、17-α-炔雌醇等13种环境内分泌干扰物,质量浓度为未检出~489 μg/kg。  相似文献   

9.
甲状腺激素在鱼类的生长、发育、生殖等过程中均起着至关重要的作用,环境内分泌干扰物能够通过不同途径干扰硬骨鱼的甲状腺轴.本研究在介绍硬骨鱼下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴调控机制以及甲状腺激素在鱼体内动态变化过程的基础上,从甲状腺激素的合成、转运、转化、代谢以及清除等角度,总结了目前常用于指示鱼类甲状腺轴受干扰的指标,并从甲状腺轴生物标志物的研发、环境内分泌干扰物活体暴露时间和浓度选择、体外/体内相结合评价体系的建立以及微观水平指标与宏观水平指标相结合的角度,展望了该领域今后的研究重点和方向,以期为环境内分泌干扰物对鱼类甲状腺轴干扰作用研究提供更多的参考.  相似文献   

10.
简述了水环境中双酚A(BPA)及其类似物的来源和污染现状,以及对鱼类骨骼发育的毒性效应和干扰骨骼代谢的直接或者间接的可能机理。指出,目前,关于低剂量双酚类化合物骨骼毒性效应的试验证据仍不充分,其影响程度因种属、暴露时间、暴露方式等不同而异,其作用机理多样且不完全明确,仍需要开展更多针对不同类型水生动物骨骼毒性的相关研究。  相似文献   

11.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals may induce adverse health effects in humans and wildlife. Recent studies demonstrate that endocrine disrupting chemicals like Bisphenol A (BPA), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) affect the reproductive characters shared by wide range of creatures including fish. An attempt was made to evaluate the toxicity of these chemicals on the vitellogenin protein of zebra fish (Danio rerio) using in silico approach. The protein structure of zebra fish vitellogenin was predicted using homology modelling, and the stereochemical quality of the model was validated by Ramachandran plot. The 3-D structure of vitellogenin was docked with the aforementioned chemicals that have demonstrated endocrine-disrupting activity. The pair-wise alignments between vitellogenin with phosvitin, lipovitellin-2 and YGP40 obtained by CLUSTALW alignment suggest that the vitellogenin contained lipovitellin-2- phosvitin- and YGP40-related amino acid sequences. Based on the prediction of CASTp and CLUSTALW, BPA and PCB predominantly interacted with lipovitellin-2 site of the protein, while PBDE interacts predominantly with the YGP40 site of the vitellogenin protein. The results indicate that the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (BPA, PCB and PBDE) dock with the vitellogenin cleavage sites lipovitellin-2 and YGP40 that play a crucial role in lipid–protein complex formation in the egg yolk. We hypothesize that these chemicals could potentially impair the egg yolk formation and eventually impact the zebra fish population which occupies an important niche among testing models used in drug discovery and related toxicity studies.  相似文献   

12.
Environmental estrogen could mimic natural estrogens thereby disrupting the endocrine systems of human and animals. The actions of such endocrine disruptors have been studied mainly on reproduction and development. However, estrogen could also affect the somatotropic axis via multiple targets such as growth hormone (GH). In the present study, two endocrine disruptors were chosen to investigate their effects on the expression level and signal transduction of growth hormone receptor (GHR) in fish. Using real-time PCR, it was found that exposure to both the estrogenic (bisphenol A) and anti-estrogenic (malachite green) compounds could attenuate the expression levels of GHR1 and GHR2 in black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) hepatocytes. The expression level of IGF-I, the downstream effector of GHR activation in the liver, was decreased by bisphenol A but not by malachite green. Luciferase reporter assay of the β-casein promoter was used to monitor GHR signaling in transfected cells. In the fish liver cell line Hepa-T1, both GHR1 and GHR2 signaling were attenuated by bisphenol A and malachite green. This attenuation could only occur in the presence of estrogen receptor, indicating that these agents probably produce their actions via the estrogen receptor. Results of the present study demonstrated that estrogenic or anti-estrogenic compounds could down-regulate the somatotropic axis in fish by affecting both the gene expression and signaling of GHR. In view of the increasing prevalence of these compounds in the environment, the impact on fish growth and development both in the wild and in aquaculture would be considerable.  相似文献   

13.
In order to investigate the possible influence of estrogenic environmental endocrine disruptors on the reproductive activity of fish in Lake Kasumigaura, plasma levels of vitellogenin (VTG), a biomarker of estrogen exposure, were measured in wild and cultured male common carp Cyprinus carpio and wild crucian carp Carassius cuvieri . Testicular histology and plasma steroid hormone levels were also examined. Fish were collected from June 1998 to August 1999. Plasma VTG levels in most fish examined were below a detection limit (40 ng/mL) throughout the sampling period, and a small amount of VTG (43.5 ng/mL–1680 ng/mL) compared to that in females was detected in some fish. Active spermatogenesis in the testis and increased levels of plasma sex steroids were observed in most of the fish examined. Thus, no marked influence of estrogenic chemicals was detected in the reproductive activity of male common carp and crucian carp in Lake Kasumigaura collected from the sampling sites in the present investigation.  相似文献   

14.
Successful reproduction by an adult depends on the normal ontogenesis of the gonads, a complex process of cellular and histological differentiation that starts early in life. This process is theoretically predetermined by genetic factors and includes sensitisation of the bipotential gonads to endogenous endocrine factors prior to, during and even after commitment to maleness or femaleness. However, young fish are relatively vulnerable to a host of environmental (physical and chemical) factors that can affect this endogenous endocrine axis, disturbing or even overriding the putative developmental pathway. This sexually lability can be exploited to our advantage for the production of monosex fish populations of the most valuable sex for food production or aquarium fish trade. On the other hand, it represents also a potential path for undesirable influences from endocrine-disrupting chemicals and climatic factors, particularly environmental temperature. This paper provides a detailed account of the early histological process of gonadal sex differentiation, with special reference to gonochoristic species, and reviews the criteria employed to positively identify ovarian and testicular differentiation. It also reviews the development of endocrine competence and sensitivity of the differentiating gonads to exogenous influences in the context of the relative stability of genotypic sex determination in various fish species. Sex differentiation in some species seems to be under strong genetic control and may not require endogenous sex steroid production. Conversely, reliance on endogenous sex steroids for gonadal differentiation is observed in other species and this phenomenon is apparently associated with a higher incidence of environment (mainly temperature)-labile sex differentiation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

15.
基于PAE编码系统的短须裂腹鱼行为谱   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
短须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax wangchiachii)是长江上游特有鱼种。近年来,由于受过度捕捞、水电开发等人类活动影响,短须裂腹鱼自然资源量不断下降。2015年11月—2016年3月,采用焦点动物取样法和随机取样法对短须裂腹鱼的行为谱进行了研究。以"姿势、动作和环境"为轴心,以生态功能为分类依据,构建短须裂腹鱼PAE行为谱。共辨识和定义了自然条件下短须裂腹鱼的10种姿势、22种动作和43种行为。根据行为的生物学功能,将上述行为划分为11大类,即摄食与排遗、探索、领域、发情、交配、护幼、冲突、运动、聚群、休息和杂类行为;区别了各种行为在雄性、雌性和幼体之间的相对发生频次以及发生季节。本研究有助于短须裂腹鱼的行为与保护研究,亦可为其他鱼类的行为谱研究提供参考。  相似文献   

16.
水生动物卵黄蛋白原研究新进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
卵黄蛋白原(vitellogenin,VTG)是卵生动物卵黄中主要成分的前体。文章简述了水产动物如鱼类、两栖类及甲壳类动物中卵黄蛋白原基因的鉴定及其基因家族的分类及进化研究,介绍了VTG分子的生物学新功能,以及VTG作为标记分子在环境雌激素监测、反映雌性动物性腺成熟度、区分雌雄性别等方面的应用,以期为VTG在水产动物中的研究以及繁殖中的应用提供参考。  相似文献   

17.
Behaviour studies are used in toxicology research as they are excellent tools to measure physiological end-points caused by exogenous chemicals. In mammals both reproductive and non-reproductive behaviours have been used for a long period of time, whereas in teleost fishes non-reproductive behaviours have received little attention compared to reproductive behaviours. Recent advances in measuring stress related behaviours in zebrafish have provided additional tools to understand behaviour toxicology in fish. One species with well documented reproductive behaviour disturbed by different toxicants is the guppy, which is better suited than zebrafish for reproductive behaviour studies and therefore might be a better model organism for comparative behaviour studies in fish toxicology. Here we report new applications for non-reproductive behaviours in guppy and test these behaviours on males treated with the endocrine disruptor 17α-ethynylestradiol at environmentally relevant concentrations. 17α-ethynylestradiol increased freezing and bottom-dwelling when fish were placed in a non-familiar aquarium, but did not significantly affect shoaling behaviour. These results are similar to the anxiogenic behaviours seen in rats treated perinatally with 17α-ethynylestradiol and add more concern to the impacts of endocrine disruptors on aquatic wildlife.  相似文献   

18.
19.
采用PAS、Mallory三色法和腺垂体不同细胞改良染色法3种组织学染色方法,以及透射电镜技术,对驼背鲈(Cromileptes altivelis)脑垂体的形态、组织结构和超微结构进行了研究。结果表明,驼背鲈脑垂体为圆球形实心腺体,位于间脑腹面,由神经垂体和腺垂体2部分组成。根据神经纤维中所含分泌颗粒形态和大小把神经分泌纤维分为A1、A2和B型。神经纤维中存在2种垂体细胞,即呈椭圆形的Ⅰ型垂体细胞和呈梭形的Ⅱ型垂体细胞。腺垂体由3部分组成:前外侧部(RPD)、中外侧部(PPD)和中间部(PI)。腺垂体部可以鉴别出6种内分泌细胞,其中RPD有2种内分泌细胞:促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)分泌细胞和催乳激素(PRL)分泌细胞;PPD有3种内分泌细胞:生长激素(GH)分泌细胞、促性腺激素(GTH)分泌细胞和促甲状腺激素(TSH)分泌细胞;PI只有1种内分泌细胞,即促黑激素(MSH)分泌细胞。此外,腺垂体还有1种非分泌细胞星状细胞(SC)。驼背鲈腺垂体中6种内分泌细胞的分布情况为:前外侧部分布有2种细胞,即嗜酸性的PRL分泌细胞和嗜碱性的ACTH分泌细胞;中外侧部有GH、GTH、TSH 3种分泌细胞;MSH分泌细胞分...  相似文献   

20.
Environmental control of fish reproduction: a different perspective   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Nearly all studies on the environmental control of fish reproduction have, to date, focused on the roles played by various parameters of the natural environment, such as changes in water temperature and photoperiod. While these factors undoubtedly still play significant roles, other factors, which have arisen as a consequence of man's activities, also play major roles in at least some aquatic environments. One such factor is pollution; whereas attention is usually focused primarily on severe pollution and the fish mortality that can result, recently some emphasis has been given to the more subtle, but potentially serious, consequences of less severe pollution. Many freshwater habitats, particularly rivers in urban areas, now receive substantial volumes of effluent from various sources (both industrial and domestic). This effluent can contain chemicals capable of mimicking endogenous hormones, and hence has the potential to disrupt endocrine-mediated processes such as reproduction. This paper is concerned with the identity of these endocrine-disrupting chemicals, their mechanisms of action, and the effects they have on reproduction, both in wild fish and in fish maintained in the laboratory.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号