饵料中蛋白质含量及必需脂肪酸对虹鳟生殖的影响

饵料质量对虹鳟的生殖和卵质有明显的影响。对产卵前三个月的亲鱼投喂蛋白质和类脂物含量不同的饵料或不添加必需脂肪酸(EFA)的饵料进行实验．结果表明，含蛋白质36％，脂类18％的饵料，亲鱼生长率和饲料效率均高，而且受精卵的发眼率、孵化率也高；含蛋白质28％的饵料投喂69天，亲鱼生长率和孵化率均低。另外，在饵料中加入一些牛脂对生长发育有益；     

不同饲料对翘嘴红鲌繁育的影响

2004年6月分别用活鱼、颗粒饲料与活鱼、颗粒饲料等3种不同饲料培育3足龄的翘嘴红鲌，对其性腺发育、人工繁殖及鱼苗活力进行了研究。结果表明，不同饲料培育的亲鱼，其相对怀卵量、卵巢系数、卵径无显著差异；而卵的重量，长期投喂活鱼的明显重于投喂颗粒饲料的。亲鱼的催产率和受精率不受饲料的影响，但孵化率和鱼苗活力(体质)，长期投喂活鱼的好于投喂颗粒饲料的。     

浅谈黄河鲤人繁中不容忽视的问题

一、亲鱼方面 1．黄河鲤亲鱼产完卵后应注重产后亲鱼的管理，用蛋白质含量约在3096的配合颗粒饲料对亲鱼进行五定投饵1个月，之后可以适当减少投饵量。但是我们有些搞苗种繁育的专业户为了单方面追求本年的经济效益，不能足量给亲鱼投喂蛋白含量合适的配合饲料，对产后的亲鱼疏于管理，直接导致了翌年雌亲鱼性腺不能及时发育成熟，怀卵量低，卵子质量差；通过强行注射催产针产的卵根本无法受精孵化，卵子最后全部发霉溶解。     

秋季四大家鱼亲鱼培育技术

正草鱼、青鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼是我国广泛养殖的淡水鱼类,享有"四大家鱼"之美称,一直深受人们的青睐。加强秋季四大家鱼亲鱼培育管理,可促进其积累脂肪和性腺发育,增加怀卵量,以提高来年亲鱼的产卵量和苗种培育产量。一、草、青鱼亲鱼培育1.投喂管理秋季由于气温降低,青绿饲料来源也日趋减少,草亲鱼的投喂以小麦、豆饼、配合饲料为主,日投喂量为2%~3%。水温高时隔天投喂1次青绿饲料,水温     

单纯投喂青科培育草亲鱼生产试验

为了降低草亲鱼的饲养成本，提高经济效益，笔者于1986～1988年和1989～1996年分两个阶段对同一批草亲鱼进行了青饲料与精饲料相结合喂养和单纯投喂青饲料生产试验，结果表明：单纯投喂青饲料培育草亲鱼不但可以降低生产成本，而且还可以提高草亲鱼成活率和催产“四率”。现将试验情况总结如下：一、材料与方法（一）鱼池条件。草亲鱼池一口，面积2．5亩，池水深1．8～2．0米，水源可靠，进出方便。（二）亲鱼放养。1985年冬季从水库中收集草鱼36尾（雌19尾、雄17尾），总重302公斤，平均个体重8．4公斤。到1996年尚剩草亲鱼25尾（雌14尾、…     

春季亲鱼培育技术

春季是亲鱼性腺发育的重要时期，期间亲鱼培育的首要任务是抓好施肥和投喂，以满足亲鱼性腺发育的营养需求；其次是在催产前15天重点调水、冲水，刺激亲鱼性腺迅速发育，尽快达到成熟，确保其顺利产卵。     

大口鲶人工繁殖成功的体会

大口鲶人工繁殖成功的体会一、把好亲鱼关人工繁殖前１５天，对大口鲶亲鱼进行了强化培育。流水不断，水质清洁，含氧丰富，饵料充足，主要投喂以寸片罗非鱼鱼种做为饵料。每次喂足，但不过量，产前１天停止投饵。选好亲鱼是获得人工繁殖最基本最重要的因素。选择亲鱼时，...     

异育银鲫制种和养殖技术

异育银鲫是用黑龙江方正鲫为母本、兴国红鲤为父本,经杂交后雌核发育的仔代,具有食性广、易饲养、生长快、产量高、养殖周期短等特点,在养殖中显示了良好的生产效果,是淡水养殖的良种。1 制种技术1.1 亲鱼培育 引进的方正鲫亲鱼或大规格鱼种,兴国红鲤,在外荡网箱雌雄分开培育,不要和其他养殖鱼类混养。亲鱼培育期间要加强投喂和管理,秋、冬、春三季的产前强化培育,投喂菜饼、大麦、四号粉和混合饲料,每天投喂2次。秋冬季每日投喂量     

怎样选择成熟好的亲鱼催产

亲鱼成熟的程度是催产成败的关键之所在．在繁殖季节。可直接根据亲鱼的外表特征进行选择，选择前2—3天要停止投喂饲料，特别是草亲鱼吃食后腹部也膨大、柔软，以免造成错觉。     

黑龙江鲶鱼生物学特性及池塘养殖技术

二、池养鲶鱼的人工繁殖 (一)鲶亲鱼的培育 1.亲鱼的来源:一种来源于人工繁殖的鲶鱼,在池塘中培育3年达性成熟,体重0.5～1.5kg以上,体长在30cm以上。另一种来源于江河野生鲶鱼,体表无伤,体质健壮,年龄在4年以上,体重0.75kg～1.5kg的鲶鱼为亲鱼。 2.鲶亲鱼产前培育:亲鱼在5月1日前从越冬池捕出后,进行产前一个月左右的强化培育,随着水温的回升,亲鱼加速生长发育,食欲日益旺盛,投喂含蛋白质35％左右的人工颗粒饲料,投喂量为体重的8％。培育期间最好投喂部分动物性饵料或放养部分野生杂鱼。亲鱼培育池面积1～3亩,水源充足,水质符合渔业水质标准,水深1.5m左右,水温在6℃以上时开始投喂少量的颗     

高度不饱和脂肪酸对中国对虾亲虾的产卵和卵质的影响

用高度不饱和脂肪酸组成和含量不同的四种饲料饲养中国对虾亲虾以研究高度不饱和脂肪酸对中国对韪亲虾产卵及卵质的影响。试验采用脂肪酸组成模式不同的Ｔｉ鱼油，亚麻油，玉米油和猪油为脂肪源配制的饲料对产卵前的亲虾进行６０天的投喂试验，测定了不同脂及到脂肪酸组成的饲料对亲虾产卵量，孵化率和卵脂肪酸组成的影响，并经回归分析结果表明，卵脂肪中的２０：５ω３与产卵量，２２：６ω３与孵化率有相关关系，表明了ＥＰＡ，Ｄ     

亲鱼脂类营养对鱼类生殖性能的影响

亲鱼饲料的营养质量是影响生殖性能的主要因素之一,目前的研究大多集中在脂类营养方面。本文主要综述了饲料脂类成分对亲鱼的产卵量、卵和仔鱼质量、胚胎发育、精卵的脂肪酸构成的影响,以及营养成分影响生殖性能的机制。     

Nutrition and feeding research in the spotted rose snapper (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lutjanus guttatus</Emphasis>) and bullseye puffer (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphoeroides annulatus</Emphasis>), new species for marine aquaculture

The spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) and bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) are fish species from the tropical Eastern Pacific for which controlled production of larvae and juveniles has been accomplished in recent years. Diverse topics relating to their biology and aquaculture production are currently under study, in particular the nutrition and feeding aspects required to formulate practical feeds and rearing protocols. Improvements in larval growth and survival are possible by feeding live food organisms with natural or enhanced essential fatty acids content and highly digestible artificial microdiets. The ontogeny of the digestive tract and the expression and activity of digestive enzymes have been described for S. annulatus larvae. The effect of various protein and lipid levels on growth and feed utilization has been studied in juvenile and on-growing fish. Both species have carnivorous feeding habits and require high levels of protein in their diets, from 40% to 45% (dry weight) in spotted rose snapper and above 50% in bullseye puffer, with the younger stages requiring the highest protein levels. Encouraging results have been obtained in feeding experiments with different sources of dietary protein from animal and plant origin to evaluate their suitability as feed ingredients in practical diets. Optimization of fish culture practices through feeding management has also been investigated. Trials with various fish densities and feeding frequencies in intensive culture systems are providing information to improve feed utilization and growth in on-growing fish. Further research is underway to evaluate factors in broodstock nutrition which have an impact on egg and larval quality, and into the use of various commercially available oil sources in on-growing diets. In this paper, the results on nutrition and feeding research with both species are reviewed and research needs to support their commercial production in the region are discussed.     

The effect of vitamin A supplementation in broodstock feed on reproductive performance and larval quality in Penaeus chinensis

The effect of feeding four semi‐purified diets A1, A2, A3, A4, containing different vitamin A acetate levels 0, 20, 40, 60 mg kg^?1 diet, respectively, on fecundity, egg hatching rate, larval survival rate and vitamin A content in eggs of Chinese shrimp (Penaeus chinensis) broodstock was compared with a fresh clam diet (control) in a 60‐day feeding trial. The broodstock shrimp fed the diet with 60 mg kg^?1 vitamin A acetate added exhibited significantly higher fecundity (P < 0.01). Hatching rate was highest with diet A4 (P < 0.05), whereas hatching rates were similar fed diets A1, A2, A3. Increasing levels of vitamin A in broodstock diet resulted in improvement in larval quality. The vitamin A levels in shrimp eggs from broodstock fed with diet A4 were higher compared with those from broodstock fed with diet A1, A2 (P < 0.01). The fecundity and hatching percentages were positively correlated with the vitamin A content in eggs in the present study. The results of this study showed that higher level of vitamin A in broodstock diet may have positive effects on fecundity and larval quality in P. chinensis.     

Effects of different diets and seawater systems on egg production and quality of the broodstock Babylonia areolata L. under hatchery conditions

The broodstock of spotted Babylon snail, Babylonia areolata, were conditioned in indoor tanks under two seawater systems (static system and flow‐through system) and five types of foods (fish, shrimp, squid, green mussel and formulated diet). High survival and good feeding was found from broodstock conditioned in all treatments of seawater systems and diets. All broodstock showed active behaviour with no signs of stress as exhibited by active movement and feeding, protrusion of siphonal tube and constant egg laying throughout the experiment. Two‐way analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the total yield of egg capsules, size of egg capsules, size of newly hatched larvae and growth of larvae among broodstock B. areolata conditioned in the seawater system and diet treatments, but there were significant differences (P>0.05) in the frequency of egg capsule laying, number of fertilized eggs/embryos per capsule, total yield of fertilized eggs/embryos and final survival of larvae among broodstock B. areolata conditioned in the diet treatments. We present initial evidence that the seawater system had a stronger influence on the egg production and quality of broodstock B. areolata than conditioning diets.     

凡纳滨对虾亲虾繁殖期间适宜投喂频率的研究

在饱食投喂条件下,选用鲜活饵料沙蚕(Nereis succinea)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)亲虾进行营养强化培育60 d,通过比较不同的投喂频率2次/d(F2组)、3次/d(F3组)、4次/d(F4组)对亲虾摄食、生长、繁殖性能、虾体组成和肝胰腺的消化酶活力的影响,旨在探究亲虾繁殖期间营养强化的最适投喂频率。结果显示,随着投喂频率的增加,亲虾的日摄食量逐渐增大,F2组显著低于F4组(P0.05),但与F3组差异不显著(P0.05);亲虾的增重率和体长增长率呈先升高后降低的趋势,但无显著性差异(P0.05)。不同的投喂频率对各组亲虾的单次产卵量、相对产卵量、无节幼体I期个体数、无节幼体孵化率、蚤状幼体I期个体数、无节幼体变态率、性腺指数、初产时间和产卵间期均无显著影响(P0.05)。亲虾全虾主要体组成分水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分含量也不受投喂频率增加的影响(P0.05);F2组的胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活力显著低于F3、F4组(P0.05),而不同实验组的胃蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力无显著性差异(P0.05)。结合本研究的结果和生产实际情况,建议在饱食投喂条件下,凡纳滨对虾亲虾繁殖期间营养强化的适宜投喂频率为2次/d。     

Interaction “nutrition-reproduction” in fish

In wild fish, gonad maturation and spawning induce modifications in feeding behaviour and dynamics of body stores which are possibly responsible for metabolic disorders. Conversely, food manipulations can modify reproduction of captive female broodstock. A restricted diet during early stages of the life cycle delays the first maturation age, a quantitatively restricted food supply during the stages of oocyte differentiation reduces the egg number, while a reduction of food levels during the last phases of oogenesis has only a small effect on egg size, composition and hatchability. During the spawning period, salmonid female broodstock seem to be more able to utilize carbohydrates than immature fish, they valorize the energy brought in by fats and have low quantitative requirements for proteins (28%). On the other hand, Red Sea bream broodstock have higher needs for proteins (45%).The incorporation into diet of liposoluble vitamins and essential fatty acids is necessary for normal reproduction, but (n-6) fatty acids seem to play a more important role than in juveniles. Although the effects and physiological role of carotenoids are not yet well known in salmonids, they are necessary for normal development in Red Sea bream. Although little work has been done on the effects of mineral nutrition, special attention must be paid to trace elements, manganese in particular.The major part of this review concerns female broodstock, since very little interest has been devoted to males.     

Influence of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid deficiency on the lipid composition of broodstock gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and on egg quality

A feeding experiment was conducted on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) broodstock to investigate the incidence of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) dietary deficiencies on the lipid composition of female liver, gonads and eggs, in relation to spawning quality. Broodstock were fed a control (C) diet or a n-3 HUFA deficient (D) but linolenic acid rich diet. After 20 weeks of feeding, the results showed that levels of total neutral (TNL) and total polar (TPL) lipids of female gonads and eggs were independent of diet. However the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) of female liver, gonads and eggs in the two groups of fish showed marked differences, reflecting the influence of fatty acid levels in the broodstock diets. This influence was even higher in TNL than in the phospholipid classes examined. In fish fed n-3 HUFA deficient diet, fatty acid composition of TNL of female gonads and eggs reflected the diet more than liver. A higher egg production in broodstock fed C diet (1.8% n-3 HUFA in diet) was extended to spawning quality such as percentages of fertilised and hatched eggs.     

Growth and fry production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), on different feeding schedules

The effect of scheduled use of high‐protein and low‐protein diets on body weight and fry production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), was determined. A preliminary feeding trial was first conducted on fingerlings. These were fed a high‐protein diet (H, 25% protein) or a low‐protein diet (L, 18% protein) daily, or diet H for 1–3 days followed by diet L for 1–4 days. Final body weight was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fish fed diet H daily and in fish fed diet H for 2–3 days followed by diet L for 1 day (2H?1L and 3H?1L). Fingerlings on 1H?1L and 3H?2L had slightly lower growth. Based on the response of the fingerlings, five feeding schedules were tested with the broodstock. A high‐protein diet (HP, 40%) and a low‐protein diet (LP, 25%; same as H for fingerlings) were used. Feeding schedules significantly influenced body weight of female but not the male fish. Fry production was not significantly affected by the feeding schedule for broodstock. When growth, fry production and saving in feed cost were all considered, the broodstock on 1HP?1LP and 3HP?2LP feeding schedules both gave the highest overall performance. These findings give fish farmers an option in the management of feeding of tilapia broodstock.     

The effect of fish and rapeseed oils on growth performance,egg fatty acid composition and offspring quality of sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effects (7‐month experiment) of diets consisting of fish oil (Kilka fish) and vegetable oil (rapeseed) on the reproductive performance of sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) broodstock. Forty‐five broodstock (990.3 ± 20.05 g) were randomly allocated to three different diet treatments. Three experimental diets were formulated with graded levels of fish oil (100% FO), vegetable oil (100% VO), and a combination of fish and vegetable oil (50% FO + 50% VO). At the end of the 7‐month feeding trial period, the weight gain and final weight were changed significantly different between the treatments (p < 0.05). Broodstock fed the FO + VO diet had higher growth than those fed the only FO or VO diets (p < 0.05). The highest germinal vesicle migration percentage was observed in FO + VO treatment (p < 0.05). The DHA/EPA, DHA/ARA and EPA/ARA ratios in oocyte exhibited a significant difference in the different treatments (p < 0.05). This study indicates that nutrition of broodstock with diet including FO + VO (p < 0.05) can positively affect the growth performance of larvae compared with only FO or VO diets. Furthermore, the high levels of 18:1n‐9, AL and ALA contents in oocytes from broodstock fed VO and the lowest ALA content in oocytes from broodstock fed FO underlined the important role of broodstock diets in the reproductive process and embryonic and/or larval developments of sterlet.