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1.
赖氨酸与水生动物氮代谢的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
鄢华  周小秋 《水利渔业》2007,27(1):105-107,113
赖氨酸是水生动物蛋白质合成的重要原料之一,在水生动物的氮代谢中有重要的作用。赖氨酸缺乏将引起水生动物的蛋白质沉积显著降低;在需要量范围内随着赖氨酸水平的提高,可显著提高动物沉积氮的量,超过需要量再继续提高赖氨酸水平对氮沉积无显著影响。赖氨酸可以通过影响水生动物摄入氮的量以及影响动物对饲料蛋白质的利用效率影响动物的氮沉积。  相似文献   

2.
水温12.0~19.0 ℃,以玉米蛋白(8.2%)为蛋白源,在添加海泥、马尾藻、贝壳粉、复合矿物盐和维生素的基础饲料中添加0.0%(F0)、0.3%(F1)、0.7%(F2)、1.0%(F3)、1.4%(F4)、1.7%(F5)和2.1%(F6)的明胶包膜赖氨酸,以不同数量的贝壳粉平衡,饲喂平均体质量1.340 g的仿刺参.67 d的饲养表明,仿刺参摄食不同饲料时,成活率为96.25%~100.00%,差异不显著(P>0.05),但特殊生长率随饲料中包膜赖氨酸添加量的增加而呈"低-高-低"的变化.仿刺参摄食添加0.7%(F2)、1.0%(F3)和1.4%(F4)包膜氨基酸的饲料时,特殊生长率和对饲料蛋白质的消化率显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)高于摄食添加0.0%(F0)、0.3%(F1)、1.7%(F5)和2.1%(F6)的幼参.当基础饲料中添加0.78%的包膜赖氨酸时,仿刺参幼参生长最快.这种促生长作用与F3组(添加1.0%赖氨酸)仿刺参幼参消化道中蛋白酶活力极显著(P<0.01)地高于其他各组有关.试验仿刺参体成分差异不显著(P>0.05).  相似文献   

3.
糖萜素对鲤鱼生长性能和免疫功能的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选择体重约10.5 g的健康鲤鱼450尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾.设空白对照组(基础饵料,不加添加剂)、正对照组(在基础饵料中添加10%黄霉素40 mg/kg)、试验组(分别添加糖萜素150、300、450 mg/kg),试验期70 d.结果显示,与空白对照组相比,添加150、300、450 mg/kg的糖萜素组,增重分别提高13.42%(P<0.05)、18.66%(P<0.01)、19.06%(P<0.01),均降低了饵料系数(P<0.05);头肾体指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);显著提高攻毒后的成活率(P<0.05),极显著提高攻毒15 d后血清溶菌酶活力(P<0.01).与正对照组相比,添加300、450 mg/kg的糖萜素组,各指标差异不显著.试验结果表明:糖萜素可促进鲤鱼生长和提高免疫功能,在鲤鱼饵料中添加300 mg/kg糖萜素可达到添加黄霉素40mg/kg的效果.  相似文献   

4.
尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia nilotica)初始体质量为(106.16±16.77)g,以小麦基础饲料为对照,基础饲料中分别添加不同水平的木聚糖酶(0.05%、0.10%、0.15%)作为实验饲料.每个处理设5个重复,每个重复放养40尾雄性罗非鱼.采用饱食方式饲喂75 d后测定罗非鱼白细胞吞噬率(PP)、吞噬指数(PI),血清、肝胰脏和鳃的溶菌酶(LSZ)活力超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和尼罗罗非鱼体质量.结果表明,木聚糖酶0.05%组、0.10%组、0.15%组的PP值极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),PI值与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);0.05%组、0.10%组、0.15%组的血清LSZ活力较对照组分别提高13.85%、23.62%和17.23%(P<0.01).0.10%组肝胰脏的LSZ活力为0.379 U/mL,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),0.15%组肝胰脏LSZ活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05).0.05%组、0.10%组、0.15%组鳃LSZ活力均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);添加木聚糖酶对血清和肝胰脏的SOD活力无显著影响(P>0.05),但0.10%组鳃SOD活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.05%组和0.10%组的增重率较对照组分别提高8.29%和17.45%(P<0.01),0.15%组的增重率与对照组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论认为,在尼罗罗非鱼小麦基础饲料中适量添加木聚糖酶可以提高其非特异性免疫功能,促进其生长.  相似文献   

5.
《畜禽业》2001,(12):25
广东省农业科学院畜牧研究所林映才、蒋宗勇等采用60头14日龄的三元杂交杜×(长×大)断奶仔猪,研究饲粮不同赖氨酸水平(1.05%、1.15%、1.25%、1.35%、1.45%、1.55%)对3.8~8kg断奶仔猪的生产性能和血清尿素氮的影响.结果表明,随饲粮赖氨酸水平升高,仔猪平均日增重极显著提高(P<0.01)、采食量显著提高(P<0.05)、料重比降低(P>0.05)、血清尿素氮浓度显著降低(P<0.05),但lys1.45%组和1.55%组仔猪生产性能很接近(P>0.05).表明满足3.8~8kg超早期断奶仔猪生长的总赖氨酸需要量为1.45%,以回-直肠吻合术猪测定基础饲粮中各种饲料的赖氨酸的回肠消化率,计算出表观可消化和真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为1.30%和1.38%.  相似文献   

6.
为探讨赖氨酸对勃氏雅罗鱼生长、饲料利用、血液生化指标、赖氨酸代谢酶活性及相关基因表达的影响,配制6种等能(17 MJ/kg)、等氮(37%CP)且不同赖氨酸水平(1.82%、2.27%、2.72%、3.17%、3.62%和4.07%)的实验饲料,以初始体质量为(13.44±1.10) g的勃氏雅罗鱼为实验对象,分6组,每组3重复,每重复50尾,分别投喂6种实验饲料,养殖周期为8周。结果显示:饲料中赖氨酸水平达到3.17%时,该组的勃氏雅罗鱼平均增重率(WG)和特定生长率(SGR)与3.62%组无显著性差异,但显著高于其他各组。2.27%组、2.72%组、3.17%组、3.62%组和4.07%组的饲料效率(FE)和蛋白质效率(PER)均显著高于1.82%组。3.17%组的血清中胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、总胆固醇(TC)、总氨基酸(TAA)、总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLB)和白蛋白(ALB)含量显著高于1.82%组;血清中尿素氮(BUN)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)含量显著低于1.82%组。各实验组的肝胰脏赖氨酸酮戊二酸还原酶(LKR)活性均存在显著性差异,且随赖氨酸水平的升高而显著升高;2.72%组、3.17%组、3.62%组和4.07%组的肝胰脏氨基乙二酸半醛合成酶(AASS)活性差异不显著,但均显著高于1.82%组和2.27%组。2.72%组、3.17%组、3.62%组的血清LKR活性差异不显著,但均显著高于1.82%组和4.07%组;2.72%组和3.17%组的血清AASS活性显著高于1.82%组和2.27%组,显著低于3.62%组和4.07%组。肝胰脏中AASS基因表达量在2.72%组、3.17%组、3.62%组和4.07%组差异不显著,但均显著高于1.82%组;肝胰脏中阳离子氨基酸转运蛋白-1(CAT1)基因表达量在3.17%组和3.62%组差异不显著,但均显著高于1.82%组、2.27%组、2.72%组和4.07%组。在本实验条件下,饲料中赖氨酸水平为3.17%或赖蛋比为8.5%时,能够提高勃氏雅罗鱼的生长、饲料利用率、蛋白质代谢、赖氨酸代谢和转运能力。  相似文献   

7.
中华鳖七群体稚鳖—成鳖阶段养殖性能评估   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
蔡完其 《水产学报》2002,26(5):433-439
对我国中华鳖代表性的7个地方群体,在温室恒温(30℃)条件下,采用随机完全区组设计方法,进行了从稚鳖到成鳖、300余天的养殖性能的比较试验。主要结果:(1)7群体间个体日均增重差异极显著(F>0.01),日均增重大小顺序是:黄河鳖>淮河鳖>鄱阳湖鳖≈洞庭湖鳖>台湾鳖>崇明鳖>太湖鳖,黄河鳖极显著地优于其它群体(t>0.01)。(2)7群体间每平方米日均产量差异极显著(F>0.01),大小顺序是:黄河鳖>淮河鳖>洞庭湖鳖≈鄱阳湖鳖>台湾鳖>太湖鳖>崇明鳖,黄河鳖极显著地(t>0.01)或显著地(t>0.05)优于其它群体。(3)中华鳖个体生长差异,无论在同一群体内,或是7群体间,都很大。最大个体重/最小个体重比在黄河鳖最低,为5.6(♀)~8.3(♂),崇明鳖最高,为17.1(♀)~17.7(♂);从体重的变异系数看,也是黄河鳖最低。(4)7群体雌、雄性比总平均为:50.7%∶49.3%。雄性较雌性增重快8.4%(t>0.01)。  相似文献   

8.
廖英杰  刘波  任鸣春  崔红红  谢骏  戈贤平 《水产学报》2013,37(11):1716-1724
为探讨饲料中不同水平赖氨酸对团头鲂幼鱼生长、血清生化及血清中游离必需氨基酸的影响,选用初始均重(3.34±0.03)g的团头鲂幼鱼540尾,随机分成6个实验组,每个实验组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别投喂赖氨酸含量为1.29%、1.71%、2.09%、2.48%、2.88%、3.27%的饲料,养殖实验为10周。研究表明:(1)与对照组相比,2.48%赖氨酸实验组显著提高了团头鲂幼鱼的鱼体末重、增重率、特定增重率、氮沉积率、蛋白质效率和蛋白沉积率,显著降低了饵料系数,但不影响存活率;(2)2.09%赖氨酸实验组显著提高鱼体蛋白含量和降低脏体比系数,2.88%、3.27%赖氨酸实验组显著降低了粗灰分含量;(3)3.27%赖氨酸实验组显著提高了血清中谷丙转氨酶和总蛋白含量;2.14%赖氨酸实验组显著降低了血清中白蛋白的含量;2.88%赖氨酸实验组显著降低了血清中尿素含量;(4)除血清亮氨酸和缬氨酸之外,2.88%赖氨酸实验组显著提高了血清中必需氨基酸含量;同时,随着饲料中赖氨酸水平的增加,血清中总必需氨基酸呈先升高后趋于平缓的趋势。以鱼体特定增重率和蛋白沉积率为评价指标,经折线模型回归分析得到团头鲂幼鱼饲料中赖氨酸的适宜添加量分别为饲料干重的2.36%(饲料粗蛋白含量的6.96%)和2.22%(饲料粗蛋白含量的6.53%)。  相似文献   

9.
青蛤家系的建立及早期生长发育比较   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
选取5个同一批苗种培育的亲贝(3个母本记为A、B、C,2个父本记为1、2)建立6个家系,并对各家系早期生长发育进行了比较.结果表明, 2个父本的壳长差异显著(P<0.05),3个母本差异不显著(P>0.05);不同母本产卵量不同,差异显著(P<0.05);3个母本的卵径不同,但差异不显著(P>0.05),各家系的受精率、孵化率与母本密切相关,以母本建立的家系之间差异极显著(P<0.01).幼虫期(0-8日龄),D形幼虫的大小不同,家系A1(G♀1×G♂1)、A2(G♀1×G♂2)、B1(G♀2×G♂1) 与 B2(G♀2×G♂2)、C1(G♀3×G♂1) 、C2(G♀3×G♂2)差异显著(P<0.05),8日龄时,以A1家系幼虫壳长最小,与其他家系无显著差异(P>0.05),不同母本建立的家系的存活率差异极显著(P<0.01).变态期(8-12日龄),幼虫生长缓慢,变态率不同,除C1 、C2无显著差异外,其他家系差异极显著(P<0.01),变态持续2.67 d.稚贝期(12-30日龄),12-15日龄,A2、B1、B2家系稚贝略大于A1、C1、C2,差异不显著(P>0.05);20日龄时,A2、C1家系稚贝大于其他家系,差异显著(P<0.05);25日龄时,B1家系稚贝最小,与其他家系差异显著(P<0.05);30日龄时,各家系稚贝生长速度、存活率依次为:C2 >C1 >A2>A1 >B2 >B1,其中,B1 家系稚贝生长慢、存活率低,与A2、B2 家系差异显著(P<0.05),与其他家系差异极显著(P<0.01).各家系的面盘幼虫、变态规格、单水管稚贝规格几乎相同,无显著性差异(P>0.05).各家系子代的早期生长发育,受亲本及相互作用的共同影响,以母本影响为主.  相似文献   

10.
为研究饵料、家系及二者交互作用对中间球海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)生长、摄食及变异的影响,利用两种饵料—裙带菜(Undaria pinnitafida)和配合饲料,对6个中间球海胆全同胞家系进行了60 d投喂,实验结束时测量了实验海胆的终末体重(FBW)和总摄食量,并计算了体重特定生长率(SGR)、饵料系数(FCR)和体重变异系数的变化(ΔCV),利用双因素及单因素方差分析的方法,检验了饵料、家系及二者交互作用对FBW、SGR、FCR及ΔCV的影响。结果表明,饵料与家系的交互作用对FBW和ΔCV无显著影响,摄食裙带菜的海胆较摄食配合饲料的海胆在终末体重(FBW)和整齐度(ΔCV)上表现出极显著的优势(P0.01),不同家系间海胆的FBW和ΔCV也有显著差异(P0.05)。饵料与家系的交互作用对体重SGR和FCR均有极显著影响(P0.01),在各家系内,裙带菜投喂下海胆体重SGR均极显著优于配合饲料投喂(P0.01);饵料系数(FCR)均极显著高于配合饲料投喂(P0.01);对于每种饵料,不同家系间SGR也均具有显著差异(P0.05),FCR亦是如此。两种饵料下家系SGR排位基本一致,说明家系与饵料在SGR上的交互作用是由于不同饵料下家系对SGR的影响程度有差异造成的,而家系FCR排位出现了较大变化则说明FCR受到交互作用的影响是由于不同饵料对不同家系的投喂效果不同造成的。本研究结果表明,家系选择可用于对中间球海胆生长、饵料系数和整齐度的遗传改良,饵料对这些性状的表现有显著的影响,对饵料系数进行家系选育时应注意家系与饵料的交互作用问题。  相似文献   

11.
This study was designed to determine the effects of diet supplementation with uncoated lysine (UCL) or coated lysine (CL) to juvenile Jian carp Cyprinus carpio Var. Jian. 330 juvenile Jian carps (initial weight 7.89 ± 0.04 g) were randomly allocated to two groups, feeding a diet containing UCL or a CL for 80 days. Weigh gain, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio were higher in group CL than group UCL, indicating the effect of CL to be better than UCL. Hepatopancreas weight and protein content, intestinal weight, length and protein content, intestinal folds height, activity of intestinal protease, lipase, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), Na+, K+‐ATPase were positively affected by CL. Moreover, glutamate‐oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in muscle, and plasma ammonia, tended to be lower for CL, which means that the improvement of digestive organ development and function may be the possible reason why CL was better than UCL.  相似文献   

12.
13.
The level of the essential amino acid lysine is of concern in trout feed. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of different families of fish to lysine‐deficient (LD) versus lysine‐adequate (LA) soy protein‐containing diets. For each treatment combination, there were five replicates. As expected, feed efficiency (< .0001) and thermal growth coefficient (TGC,< .0001) were improved in fish fed the LA compared to the LD diet. Hepatosomatic index (HSI,< .01) and whole‐body lipid content (< .01) were higher for fish consuming the LD compared to the LA diet. There was no effect (> .05) of diet on hepatic lysine α‐ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) activity, LKR mRNA abundance or lysine oxidation. There was a family effect on feed efficiency (< .0001), TGC (< .0001) and condition factor (< .05) and there was a trend for differences in oxygen consumption (< .07) across families while consuming the LD diet; however, there was no effect on ammonia excretion, HSI, lipid content, efficiency of nitrogen or lysine retention or indices of lysine catabolism. One family, in particular, had more favourable feed efficiency and thermal growth coefficient when fed the LD diet, indicating that it may possess an enhanced genetic potential for performance when consuming LD, soybean meal‐containing diets.  相似文献   

14.
Given the universal presence of antagonism between arginine and lysine, determining the optimal dietary arginine/lysine level is of great importance. In this study, eight diets were formulated to contain different arginine/lysine level, followed by a 9‐week feeding trial with shrimps of 2.10 ± 0.01 cm in length and 0.38 ± 0.02 g in weight to determine the effect of dietary arginine/lysine level on growth performance, body composition and enzyme activity. The results showed that the Diet 6 (arginine/lysine level of 29.4/21.0 g/kg) group had significantly higher weight gain rate, and specific growth rate than the control group and most of the other groups (< .05) did. Similarly, the retention efficiency of arginine and lysine in the Diet 6 group was significantly higher than the control group and most of the other groups (< .05). Moreover, most digestive enzymes had higher activity levels in the Diet 6 group, and evident antagonism between dietary arginine and lysine was detected. In summary, dietary arginine/lysine level of 29.4/21.0 g/kg produced the best growth performance, suggesting that a better growth performance in Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture can be obtained by adjusting the dietary arginine/lysine level.  相似文献   

15.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of free amino acids to replace protein‐bound amino acids in diets for Solea senegalensis juveniles. For this purpose, fish with 4.26 g mean initial weight were fed during 55 days with diets containing 500 g kg?1 protein and 100 g kg?1 lipid, based on fish meal and fish oil as main protein and lipid sources (control diet), or diets where 20%, 35% and 50% of fish meal were replaced by crystalline amino acids, using L‐lysine HCl as lysine source. To access the efficiency of the crystalline lysine source, another diet was formulated with 35% fish meal replacement but using L‐lysine sulphate instead of L‐lysine HCl as lysine source. Overall, growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient retention, whole‐body and amino acid composition did not show significant differences among groups. In conclusion, up to 50% protein‐bound amino acids can be replaced by crystalline amino acids in diets for Senegalese sole juveniles without negative effects in fish performance. Additionally, it was shown that L‐lysine sulphate and L‐lysine‐HCl may be used interchangeably by Senegalese sole juveniles, with the potential economic benefits involved.  相似文献   

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为考察饲料中补充晶体或微囊赖氨酸对草鱼生长性能的影响,配制了豆粕含量为23%(高豆粕组),15%(低豆粕组)的两种实用饲料,在低豆粕饲料中补充晶体赖氨酸或微囊赖氨酸,使赖氨酸达到与高豆粕组一致的水平,共4个处理组,即高豆粕组、低豆粕组、低豆粕+晶体赖氨酸(晶体赖氨酸组)、低豆粕+微囊赖氨酸(微囊赖氨酸组),每处理设3个平行。饲养平均体重为(49.0±2.0)g的草鱼8周。结果表明,各组鱼体增重率分别为279.3%、239.7%、245.6%、277.5%,饲料系数为1.62、1.88、1.85、1.62。与低豆粕组相比,添加晶体赖氨酸对草鱼生长无改善(P>0.05),而添加微囊赖氨酸则提高草鱼增重率15.8%(P<0.05),降低饲料系数0.24(P<0.05),在增重率与饲料系数方面达到与高豆粕组基本一致的水平(P>0.05)。对草鱼摄食上述4种饲料0、1、2、3、4、5h后的血浆总游离氨基酸浓度测定结果表明,添加微囊赖氨酸血浆总游离氨基酸的变化趋势与高豆粕组、低豆粕组一致,即在饲后3h达到高峰,而添加晶体赖氨酸使血浆总游离氨基酸的吸收峰值提前。晶体赖氨酸经微囊化后,其水中溶失率显著降低(P<0.05),仅...  相似文献   

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Dietary lysine requirement of fingerling Heteropneustes fossilis (6.96 ± 0.05 g) was quantified by conducting 12‐week feeding trial in a flow‐through system at 28°C. Casein–gelatin based isonitrogenous (38% CP) and isocaloric (14.7 kJ g?1 DE) amino acid test diets with six levels of dietary lysine (1.5%, 1.75%, 2.0%, 2.25%, 2.5%, 3.0% dry diet) were fed to apparent satiation in triplicates. Broken‐line and second‐degree polynomial regression analyses at 95% plateau of absolute weight gain (AWG; g fish?1), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein deposition (PD; g fish?1) and lysine deposition (LD; g fish?1) exhibited lysine requirement between 2.0% to 2.3% of the dry diet, corresponding to 5.3–6.1% protein.  相似文献   

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Two trials were conducted to compare L‐lysine HCl and L‐lysine sulphate regarding its availability to Penaeus monodon, and further evaluate the optimum dietary lysine requirement. In experiment 1, five experimental diets were formulated (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5), a basal diet (D1), aimed at a low‐lysine concentration (2.22% dry matter), with lysine concentration of the other four diets increasing in two 0.25% L‐lysine intervals from either L‐lysine HCl (D2 and D3) or L‐lysine sulphate (D4 and D5). Each diet was fed at a restricted rate to three groups of 40 shrimp for 74 days. The highest values of growth performance (weight gain, WG; specific growth rate, SGR) and survival were observed with shrimp fed the L‐lysine HCl diet. Feed efficiency (FE) of shrimp fed D2 was significantly higher than that of shrimp fed D1 and D5 (P < 0.05), but without significant difference with shrimp fed D3 and D4 (P > 0.05). In experiment 2, six diets (d1, d2, d3, d4, d5 and d6) were formulated with six graded levels of lysine (2.21%, 2.41%, 2.59%, 2.87%, 3.11% and 3.29% of diet). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 40 shrimp for 74 days. WG, SGR and survival increased increasing levels of lysine up to 2.41% of diet and reached an apparent plateau. Broken‐line model analysis on WG and SGR indicated that the optimum dietary lysine level for optimal growth of shrimp was 2.37% of diet, corresponding to 5.78% of dietary protein. In conclusion, results of this trial suggest that L‐lysine HCl is superior to L‐lysine sulphate when fed to Penaeus monodon and optimal growth can be obtained at lysine levels corresponding to 2.37% of diet, or 5.78% of dietary protein in this specie.  相似文献   

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