黄颡鱼的生物学特性及养殖技术

黄颡鱼Ｐｅｌｔｅｏｂａｇｒｕｓｆｕｌｖｉｄｒａｃｏ (Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄ ｓｏｎ) ,俗称嘎牙子、黄姑子、黄腊丁、黄鼓鱼等 ,隶属鲶形目 (Ｓｉｌｕｒｆｏｒｗｅｓ)、鱼尝科 (Ｂａｇｒｉｄａｅ)、黄颡鱼属 (ＰｅｌｔｅｏｂａｇｒｕｓＢｌｅｅｋｅｒ)。是我国重要的小型底层经济鱼类。在我国各大水系均有分布 ,特别是在长江中下游的湖泊更为集中。黄颡鱼的种类有瓦氏黄颡鱼 (广东 )、岔尾黄颡鱼 (上海 )、盎塘黄颡鱼 (浙江新昌 )、中间黄颡鱼、细黄颡鱼 (海南 )、江黄颡鱼、克泽黄颡鱼等。黄颡鱼肉质鲜嫩 ,味道鲜美 ,营养丰富 ,每 1 0 0ｇ可食…     

黄颡鱼成鱼池塘养殖技术

<正>黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson)隶属鲶形目,鮠科,黄颡鱼属。又名黄腊丁、嘎牙子、黄鳍鱼、黄刺骨,是江河湖泊中常见的小型底栖鱼类。尽管其个体较小,但肉质细嫩、     

黄颡鱼网箱育成技术

黄颡鱼隶属鲶形目，鲶科、鲶属，又称黄丫头、江颡鱼，土名又称嘎牙。是我国长江流域特有的名贵鱼类，其肉质细嫩，味道鲜美，属优质上等水产品，越来越受到广大消费者喜爱。具有很高的食用价值和经济价值，市场前景广阔。但自然水域生长的黄颡鱼生长速度较慢，为了提高黄颡鱼的生长速度，2009年我们在万安水库用网箱养殖黄颡鱼并取得成功，大大提高了黄颡鱼的生长速度。现将黄颡鱼网箱快速养殖新技术介绍如下。     

黄颡鱼蛋白质需求及饲料配方

<正>黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)隶属于鲶形目,鲿科,黄颡鱼属。是我国重要的小型经济鱼类,其肉质细腻、少细刺、味道鲜美、营养丰富、药用价值高,近年来,黄颡鱼受到广大消费者的喜爱,养殖规模也日益扩增。     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖与苗种培育技术

黄颡鱼(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)俗称黄甲，属鲶形目、鱼危科，黄颡鱼属，为江河常见优质经济鱼类之一。黄颡鱼肉质细嫩，营养丰富，味道鲜美，肌间刺少颇受消费者喜爱。市场上的黄颡鱼主要来源于江河天然捕捞，随着天然水域捕捞强度增大，资源量日趋减少，不能满足市场需求。为了加快黄颡鱼的养殖推广，     

黄颡鱼的养殖技术

黄颡鱼属鲶形目,鱼尝科,黄颡鱼属.黄颡鱼肉质细嫩、细刺少、味道鲜美、营养价值高,在国内外水产市场深受欢迎.黄颡鱼营底栖生活,白天栖息于水底层,夜间则游到水上层觅食.     

黄颡鱼集约化养殖技术

黄颡鱼属鲶形目、(鱼危)科、黄颡鱼属,俗称黄姑、黄腊丁等,是一种野生小型名优淡水经济鱼类。其肉质细嫩,无肌间刺,味道鲜美,营养丰富,不但有滋补作用,而且有一定的药用价值,深受广大消费者喜爱。由于近几年来黄颡鱼自然资源量锐减,市场供不应求,销售价     

黄颡鱼与家鱼等混养试验

黄颡鱼Pceudo bagrus fulvdrace (Richardson),俗称嘎牙子、黄腊丁、黄鳍鱼等.黄颡鱼属鲶形目、鱼尝科、黄颡鱼属.该鱼分布广、产量大、肉质嫩、肉肌间刺少、含脂肪多、味鲜美、营养价值高,在国内外市场深受欢迎,特别是大规格的鲜活鱼供不应求.     

浮水性配合饲料养殖黄颡鱼试验

黄颡鱼为鲶形目、鲶科、黄颡鱼属。该鱼属底栖杂食性、小型淡水经济鱼类，肉质鲜嫩，少细刺，味道鲜美，营养丰富。目前市场上深受消费者欢迎，越来越多的养殖户开始养殖黄颡鱼。2006年，松溪县水技站在南门鱼场进行了5亩池塘使用浮水性配合饲料养殖黄颡鱼的试验．现将试验情况总结如下，仅供参考。     

黄颡鱼的人工繁殖技术

黄颡鱼又名盎斯鱼、江颡鱼,山东一带土名又称嘎牙。属鲶形目、（鱼危）科、黄颡鱼属,为小型底栖鱼类。它易养殖、价格高、效益好。其肉质细嫩、味道鲜美,属优质上等水产品,越来越受到广大消费者喜爱。近年来,由于自然苗种短缺，养殖面积、产量日渐减少。因此，开展黄颡鱼生物学特性及人工繁殖、苗种培育的研究，对于调整水产养殖结构和增加农民收入具有重要的现实意义。     

Off-flavors in pond-grown ictalurid catfish: Causes and management options

Ictalurid catfish grown in ponds often acquire undesirable off-flavors prior to harvest. Off-flavors develop when odorous, lipophilic substances in food or water are absorbed across gut or gill epithelium and concentrated in edible tissues. The most common causes of catfish off-flavors are two nontoxic secondary metabolites of planktonic cyanobacteria: geosmin (causing an earthy off-flavor) and 2-methylisoborneol (causing a musty off-flavor). Off-flavored fish are unacceptable for processing, and harvest must be postponed until the source of the odorous compound disappears and the compound purges from edible fish tissue. Harvest delays caused by episodes of off-flavor increase production time, interrupt cash flow, and increase the risk of fish loss. Catfish farmers consider off-flavor to be one of their most important production-related problems. This paper reviews the causes of off-flavor in catfish, pharmacokinetics of uptake and loss of odorous compounds in catfish, seasonality and prevalence of off-flavors, farm- and industry-level impacts, the ecology of cyanobacteria in catfish ponds, and various strategies for preventing or treating cyanobacterial (and other) off-flavors. A decision-making system based on knowledge gained from research is presented as a guide to effective use of the limited tools available to manage off-flavors.     

Effects of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal protein as a fishmeal replacement on the growth and immune index of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

A 65 days feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as a fish meal (FM) protein alternative in the diet of yellow catfish. Fish meal protein was replaced with BSFL meal protein at 0% (control), 13%, 25%, 37%, 48%, 68%, 85% and 100%. Compared with the control group, increased growth performances (e.g. weight gain rate increased by 21.7%) and immune indexes (e.g. serum lysozyme activity increased by 6.8%) of yellow catfish fed with diets in which a maximum of 48% FM protein was replaced by BSFL meal protein was determined. The diet in which 25% FM protein was replaced by BSFL meal protein resulted in the greatest growth performances (e.g. weight gain rate increased by 29.1%) and immune indexes (e.g. serum lysozyme activity increased by 31.9%) as well as the lowest feed conversion ratio (0.9) among all diets tested. No significant differences in survival rate, body indexes or composition were determined among all treatments. Therefore, BSFL meal protein has the potential to partially replace FM protein in the diet of yellow catfish, and it may also enhance the immunocompetence of the fish.     

池塘网箱养鱼的可行性及技术研究

１９９５、１９９６年在精养成鱼塘设置网箱养殖商品湘鲫与乌鳢鱼种，采取灌排水形成微流、启动增氧机、投放耐低氧吃食性鱼类、投喂颗粒馈料和动物肉、勤刷钢箱养措施，结果：湘鲫养殖１３６天，从１５０ｇ长到６７０ｇ，平均日增重３．８２ｇ，２５ｍ＾２的网箱产成鱼３３４．３３ｋｇ。平均１３．３ｋｇ／ｍ＾２，成活率９９．８％，乌鳢种培育４２天，由体长１ｃｍ到１０ｃｍ，平均日增长２．１４ｍｍ，２０ｍ＾２的网箱，共育鱼     

运输对养殖黄颡鱼血液生化和肌肉物性分析指标的影响

测定了在10.4~11.2℃下运输4 h后不同时间(0 h、1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、3 d、7 d和20 d)养殖黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)血液生理生化指标和肌肉物性分析指标的变化。结果显示,运输引起了黄颡鱼血清皮质醇和血糖浓度的显著升高(P0.05),在运输结束12 h后恢复到正常水平。运输后鱼体血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均有显著性升高,随着恢复时间的推移逐渐回降到正常水平;但过氧化物酶(POD)活性并未出现显著性差异,维持稳定的水平。运输后肌肉硬度、弹性、胶黏性、凝聚性、咀嚼性、回复性等物性分析指标均显著性降低。除了凝聚性和咀嚼性之外,其他肌肉物性分析指标在运输结束72 h后恢复到正常水平。研究表明,长途运输造成了养殖黄颡鱼的应激反应,对肌肉物性特征产生了显著的影响,但运输后的恢复可使鱼体抗氧化能力和肌肉物性分析指标回复到正常水平。     

氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼幼鱼肠道健康的影响及精氨酸的干预作用

为研究饲料中添加氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼幼鱼肠道免疫、抗氧化和其他功能指标、组织结构的影响及添加精氨酸对其的干预作用,采用2×3设计方式,在饲料中分别添加新鲜鱼油(FF)∶氧化鱼油(OF)按照(m/m)2.5∶0、1.5∶1.0和0.5∶2.0的比例配制3种基础饲料(FF,OF1,OF2),在基础饲料中分别添加0.48%精氨酸(Arg)盐酸盐配制3种精氨酸饲料(FFA,OFA1,OFA2),选取初始体质量为(4.41±0.05)g的黄颡鱼600尾,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,分别投喂6种实验饲料,饲养56 d。结果显示,在OF2组中,黄颡鱼肠道酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著升高;与OF2组相比,OFA2组AKP活性和IL-6含量均显著下降。在FF、OF1、OF2三组中,肠道超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈下降趋势,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈现上升趋势,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)呈现先下降后上升的趋势,但差异均不显著;在OF2组中,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高;添加精氨酸后,除SOD活性有显著升高外,其他抗氧化指标的组间均无显著性差异。双因素方差分析显示,精氨酸对黄颡鱼肠道CAT活性的影响达到显著水平,饲料中氧化鱼油和精氨酸对黄颡鱼肠道GSH-PX活性的影响存在交互作用。在FF、OF1、OF2三组中,肠道二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性呈现下降趋势,一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)活性呈现上升趋势,但差异均不显著;与OF2组相比,OFA2组的DAO和i NOS活性分别显著升高和下降;双因素方差分析显示,精氨酸(Arg)对黄颡鱼肠道DAO、i NOS活性的影响分别达到显著水平。在OF1组中,肠道皱壁高度、肌层厚度和杯状细胞数量均明显升高;与OF2组相比,OFA2组皱壁高度和杯状细胞数量明显升高;与FF组相比,FFA组肌层厚度明显增加。双因素方差分析显示,氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼肠道皱壁高度的影响达到显著水平。研究表明,在饲料中添加一定水平的氧化鱼油会抑制黄颡鱼幼鱼肠道免疫及抗氧化指标,损伤肠道组织结构,但添加一定量的精氨酸可以缓解氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼幼鱼肠道免疫、抗氧化和组织结构的抑制作用。     

Nutrient Concentrations of Catfish Feces and Practical Diets After Immersion in Water

A study was conducted to quantify changes in the proximate components of fish feces and feeds when immersed in water for varying time periods. Catfish feces, a floating catfish diet, and a sinking trout diet were immersed for 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 minutes. Dry matter losses were noted for all samples after immersion in water. There was a disproportionate loss of crude protein, ash, and nitrogen free extract (NFE) from the catfish fecal samples, ash and ether extract from the floating catfish feed, and NFE from the sinking trout feed. The losses noted would change crude protein, ether extract, NFE, and energy digestion coefficients by less than 7%, but ash and crude fiber digestion coefficients could change by as much as 23 and 35%, respectively. The ash concentration of unimmersed catfish feces indicated that this component may be a reliable indicator of nutrient digestibility in catfish.     

Isolation and characterization of Edwardsiella ictaluri strains as pathogens from diseased yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson) cultured in China

Yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson) is a commercially important fish generally distributed in Southeast Asian countries. The well‐known aetiological agent of enteric septicaemia of catfish, Edwardsiella ictaluri, was isolated from diseased yellow catfish P. fulvidraco (Richardson) reared at two commercial fisheries in China. The economic losses due to the high mortalities (about 50%) caused by this bacterium have been increasing annually. The affected fish presented two different, typical symptoms: pale gills, slight exophthalmia and a ‘hole in the head’, and haemorrhage on the opercula, in the skin under the jaw, creating a ‘hole under the jaw’. These diseases were found frequently in cultured yellow catfish throughout China. The isolates from both outbreaks were all Gram negative, facultatively anaerobic and short rod. Morphological and biochemical tests and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rDNA sequences all strongly indicated that these yellow catfish isolates were highly identical to the known E. ictaluri. In addition, the isolates possessed the typical plasmid profile of E. ictaluri. Experimental infection assays were conducted and pathogenicity (by an intraperitoneal injection) was demonstrated in yellow catfish and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The results showed that yellow catfish isolates were quite conservative phenotypically and genetically, and were able to cause two different, typical symptoms in this fish under unknown conditions and mechanism.     

Effects of feeding frequency on the enzymes and genes involved in oxidative stress in juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson) exposed to ammonia

Optimal feeding strategies improve fish growth and health but may be affected by ammonia stress in closed rearing systems such as tanks or ponds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding frequency and ammonia levels in rearing water on the enzymes and genes involved in oxidative stress of yellow catfish. Experiment (ammonia exposure) and control groups were randomly assigned to one of three feeding frequencies (1, 2 and 4 times daily) for 8 weeks. Weight gain increased as feeding frequency increased from 1 to 4 times daily, but feed conversion ratio values decreased. The highest survival in ammonia group was found when fish was fed 2 times daily. Glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity in liver and brain of fish exposed to ammonia increased as feeding frequency increased from 1 to 4 times daily. Liver malondialdehyde content in control group decreased as feeding frequency increased from 1 to 4 times daily. The lowest liver malondialdehyde content in ammonia group was observed when fish was fed 2 times daily. Liver mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase in control group increased as feeding frequency increased from 1 to 4 times daily, but the highest superoxide dismutase and catalase expression in ammonia group were observed when fish were fed 2 times daily. This study indicates that higher feeding frequency of yellow catfish exposed to ammonia could result in oxidative stress and poor survival. The optimal feeding frequency of yellow catfish exposed to ammonia is 2 times daily.     

黄河河南段非漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状调查

为了掌握黄河河南段鱼类产卵场的分布现状,2013-2015年的每年3-7月,采用卫星GPS定位,实地走访渔民,采集鱼卵和仔稚鱼,捕获并解剖分析繁殖亲鱼,同步进行理化因子测定和环境指标监测。结果表明,黄河河南段鱼类规模产卵场共有30处,主要分布在河边浅滩、河流消落区和河心岛等水生生物资源丰富、适合非漂流性卵鱼类产卵孵化的水域。监测调查270d,采集主要鱼类标本1 156尾,各产卵场的鱼类优势种组成差异明显。产卵经济鱼类有鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲶(Silurus asotus)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)共计7种。黄河南段主要经济鱼类产卵场的分布位置及范围规模存在明显的地域差异。为保护黄河南段经济鱼类及其产卵场,提出了具体的保护措施。     

Productivity and economic viability of snakehead Channa striata culture using an aquaponics approach

This study was carried out to investigate the viability of utilizing aquaponic technology in culturing local fish: snakehead Channa striata and water spinach Ipomoea aquatica. Snakehead was raised for 150 days in a floating plastic pond with an area of 3 × 4 × 1.2 m having a capacity volume of ∼14.4 m³. Fish were randomly arranged into two experimental systems at density of ∼0.3 kg fingerlings/m³ e.g. SAQ – snakehead in aquaponics; SC – snakehead in normal system where control ponds were continuously aerated with ∼20% daily exchange of water. Fish were fed commercial feed twice a day. Initial results showed that in aquaponics compared with normal systems the SAQ efficiency exhibited 70% water exchange; five times lower in NH₃ level: (0.01–0.03 mg/L vs. 0.05–0.16 mg/L); three times lower in NO₂ level: (0.28–0.58 mg/L vs. 0.56–2.59 mg/L). Snakehead production was significantly higher in aquaponics with higher survival ratio of fish: 99.76% vs. 71.40%; ∼3 times higher in fish yield: 366 kg vs. 130 kg. The production of water spinach was also elevated in aquaponics versus normal systems 406.4 kg vs. 188 kg. The total income from snakehead and water spinach in SAQ were 4 times higher than in normal farming systems: 1219.42 $US and 307.04 $US. Based on the results of the current study, it is expected that applying aquaponics utilizing local available materials and species will enhance the sustainability of the overall system and keep the aquaponics lasting and expanding to social life especially on sustainable culturing snakehead Channa striata.