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1.
为查明慢性氨氮胁迫对"新吉富"罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能及血清生化指标的影响程度,采用实验生态学方法研究了5个氨氮质量浓度[0.016(对照组)、7.22、14.43、28.86、57.72 mg/L]下,体质量(38.6±0.2) g的"新吉富"罗非鱼选育系F_(20)幼鱼在30 d内生长性能和血清生化指标的动态变化。结果显示,经过30 d慢性氨氮胁迫,组间试验末体质量、特定生长率呈现随氨氮质量浓度升高而递减的趋势,对照组和7.22 mg/L组间差异不显著,并且这2组的生长性能显著高于其他3个试验组(P0.05);14.43、28.86、57.72 mg/L组两两间均存在显著差异(P0.05)。在0~10 d和10~20 d时段,对照组特定生长率最高;在20~30 d时段,7.22 mg/L组特定生长率最高。血清中酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的动态变化趋势基本一致,即7.22、14.43 mg/L组的血清酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性分别在30 d和20 d时高于对照组,28.86、57.72 mg/L组的血清酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性在整个试验过程中均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。在10 d时,各组间血清谷丙转氨酶活性差异不显著;在20 d和30 d时,血清谷丙转氨酶活性呈现出随氨氮质量浓度升高而显著升高的趋势。结果表明,"新吉富"罗非鱼幼鱼对氨氮具有一定的耐受性,但氨氮胁迫质量浓度超出其耐受阈值后,其生长性能、血清生化指标均受到显著影响。  相似文献   

2.
肌醇对氨氮应激下团头鲂幼鱼免疫的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
为了研究氨氮应激下肌醇对团头鲂幼鱼免疫的影响,实验选择初均重为(3.40±0.07)g的健康团头鲂幼鱼450尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,分别投喂含肌醇0、101.2、202.3、404.8、809.1和1 616.4 mg/kg的精制饲料,实验期为90 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,氨氮应激前,404.8 mg/kg肌醇添加组显著提高了团头鲂幼鱼淋巴细胞百分比、补体3、补体4和血液呼吸爆发活性(P0.05);氨氮应激12 h,404.8和809.1 mg/kg肌醇添加组的血液白细胞、红细胞、淋巴细胞百分比、血红蛋白和血清补体3、补体4水平显著升高(P0.05),皮质醇水平显著降低(P0.05),202.3和404.8 mg/kg肌醇添加组的血细胞呼吸爆发活性显著提高(P0.05);氨氮应激72 h,404.8 mg/kg肌醇添加组的血液白细胞、红细胞、淋巴细胞百分比、血红蛋白、血清补体3和血细胞呼吸爆发活性显著升高(P0.05),皮质醇水平显著下降(P0.05),809.1 mg/kg肌醇添加组的血清补体4水平显著升高(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加适量的肌醇(404.8 mg/kg)即可增强团头鲂幼鱼的免疫力,对团头鲂幼鱼抗氨氮应激起到了一定的保护作用。  相似文献   

3.
以体长(1.273士0.116)cm的金鱼仔鱼为研究对象,在水温(22.0士0.5)℃下,养殖在不同质量浓度(0、0.2、1、5、10 μg/L)的Hg2+溶液中,分别在1、7、15 d时,测定不同Hg2+质量浓度下金鱼仔鱼酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性.结果显示,汞暴露1d时,不同汞质量浓度下的金鱼仔鱼酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性与对照组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);汞暴露7d时,在10 μg/LHg2+下,酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在1~10 μg/L Hg2+下,碱性磷酸酶活性呈现出明显的诱导激活效应(P<0.01或P<0.05);汞暴露15 d时,仅在10 μg/L Hg2+下,酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05).试验结果表明,汞暴露下金鱼仔鱼酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性随Hg2+质量浓度增大而活性逐渐增强.  相似文献   

4.
饲料中水解鱼蛋白对中国对虾非特异免疫的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
在中国对虾基础饲料中用水解鱼蛋白替代0%、5%、10%和15%鱼粉蛋白,制成饲料投喂中国对虾30d,实验结束取样测定对虾生长指标并进行血细胞记数,以肝胰脏中的酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性和血清中的酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、一氧化氮合酶活性为非特异免疫指标,探讨水解鱼蛋白作为免疫增强剂对中国对虾非特异性免疫效应的影响。结果表明,5%水解鱼蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白组对虾肝胰脏中酸性磷酸酶活性为0.54U/gprot,显著高于对照组和其他替代组(P<0.05);血液中总的血细胞数量最多,血清的酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性均显著高于对照组和其他替代组(P<0.05),并且特定生长率最高。说明水解鱼蛋白作为免疫增强剂对中国对虾的非特异性免疫功能具有明显的增强作用。  相似文献   

5.
铜对中华鲟幼鱼的急性毒性及对肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7  
采用静水生物测试法研究铜(Cu2+)对中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis Gray)幼鱼的急性毒性并进行安全评价;根据预实验结果,设定0.005 mg/L、0.01 mg/L和0.015 mg/L 3个Cu2+浓度梯度进行急性暴露实验,以肝脏组织超氧化物歧化酶(SiOD)、过氧化氧酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽抗氧化酶(GSH-PX)活性为指标研究Cu2+污染对中华鲟幼鱼的毒理作用.结果表明,Cu2+浓度升高对中华鲟幼鱼产生了较大的毒性,24 h、48 h、72h和96h LC50分别为0.059 32mg/L、0.0340mg/L、0.028 3 mg/L和0.021 7 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.002 17 mg/L;不同浓度Cu2+暴露时,中华鲟幼鱼肝组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-PX的活性在暴露24 h时被显著抑制(P<0.05),在处理48 h后酶活性逐渐恢复,随后又逐渐下降,其下降幅度与Cu2+质量浓度呈正相关(P<0.05).研究认为,SOD、CAT和GSH-PX活性变化可以反映中华鲟幼鱼受伤害的程度,并可用做中华鲟安全性风险评价的参考依据.  相似文献   

6.
常绪路  陈永艳  康美如  冯军厂  张建新 《水产学报》2023,47(4):049113-049113
为了探究凝结芽孢杆菌SCC-19对镉暴露下鲤肝脏镉含量、抗氧化能力以及炎症反应的影响,实验选取平均体重为(34.00±1.16) g的鲤450尾,随机分为5组(每组3个重复,每个重复30尾),即对照组、0.5 mg/L Cd2+组、0.5 mg/L Cd2++107 CFU/g凝结芽孢杆菌组,0.5 mg/L Cd2++108 CFU/g凝结芽孢杆菌组以及0.5 mg/L Cd2++109 CFU/g凝结芽孢杆菌组(分别记为DK、D、DA、DB和DC),养殖8周。结果显示,与镉暴露组相比,凝结芽孢杆菌SCC-19能够有效降低鲤肝脏中镉含量,显著提高金属硫蛋白(MT)的水平,降低血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性。此外,凝结芽孢杆菌组鲤肝脏总抗氧化能力(TAOC)、抗超氧阴离子自由基能力(ASA)和抑制羟自由基能力(AHA)水平显著高于镉暴露组,而活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O...  相似文献   

7.
β-葡聚糖对花鲈免疫和抗氧化指标的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过室内循环水养殖试验和氨氮急性应激试验,研究了饲料中添加β-葡聚糖对花鲈免疫和抗氧化指标的影响。选用体质量为(8.35±0.17)g的花鲈720尾,随机分成6组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别投喂基础饲料和添加200、400、600、800、1000mg/kgβ-葡聚糖的试验饲料。6周生长试验结束后,对花鲈进行非离子氨质量浓度为3.29mg/L的氨氮应激试验,持续时间为96h。结果显示,与对照组相比,400~800mg/kg组免疫球蛋白M含量显著升高(P0.05),各添加组补体3含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。400~800mg/kg组血清碱性磷酸酶活性、400mg/kg组血清酸性磷酸酶活性、200~600mg/kg组血清一氧化氮含量显著高于对照组和其他添加组(P0.05)。与对照组相比,400mg/kg组血清总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高(P0.05),400~800mg/kg组丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05)。各组血清过氧化氢酶活性差异不显著(P0.05)。应激后,200~600mg/kg组碱性磷酸酶活性、400mg/kg组和600mg/kg组酸性磷酸酶活性、400mg/kg组总抗氧化能力与对照组相比显著升高;400mg/kg组和600mg/kg组丙二醛含量显著降低。试验结果表明,饲料中添加适量β-葡聚糖能提高花鲈的免疫和抗氧化水平。  相似文献   

8.
应用浓度为108CFU/ml的0.4%甲醛灭活鰤鱼诺卡氏菌Nocardia seriolea,经超声波破碎后对乌鳢进行腹腔注射,剂量为0.5 ml/尾,对照组同法等量注射灭菌生理盐水。分别于实验第0、3、6、9、12、15、18、21天抽取乌鳢血液,测定其血细胞数、血清总蛋白含量及血清碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶活性。结果显示,注射灭活鱼师鱼诺卡氏菌后,乌鳢血细胞数呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,在实验第12天时注射组血细胞数显著高于对照组;血清总蛋白含量在实验第9天后均高于对照组;血清碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶和溶菌酶等活性在实验时间内均发生了显著的变化。研究结果表明,灭活菌苗的刺激能引起乌醴血细胞的增殖以及血清中各非特异性免疫指标的变化,从而提高机体自身的免疫保护力。  相似文献   

9.
在水温(17.5±0.5)℃和盐酸恩诺沙星质量浓度1.56、6.25、25.00 mg/L和100.00 mg/L下,采用生化和半静态亚急性毒性方法研究了盐酸恩诺沙星对体质量(10.26±2.37)g杂交鲟(施氏鲟♀×西伯利亚鲟♂)幼鱼肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响。试验结果显示,盐酸恩诺沙星对杂交鲟幼鱼96h半致死质量浓度100.00mg/L,属于低毒。各试验剂量盐酸恩诺沙星均显著影响杂交鲟幼鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P0.05),且随时间的延长超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均呈先升后降变化,即先诱导后抑制,但3种抗氧化酶活性被诱导的程度在时间上具有差异性。低质量浓度组(1.56、6.25mg/L)酶活性峰值出现较晚,高质量浓度组(25.00、100.00mg/L)酶活性峰值出现较早,表明高质量浓度下鱼体首先出现氧化应激反应,盐酸恩诺沙星引起的酶活性变化与暴露质量浓度和时间有一定相关性。  相似文献   

10.
为阐明盐度为5条件下不同浓度亚硝酸盐亚急性胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长与免疫功能的影响,本研究设置5个亚硝酸盐浓度组(0.50、0.90、1.70、3.20和6.00 mg/L)和对照组(0.05 mg/L),检测分析了亚硝酸盐胁迫40 d后凡纳滨对虾免疫相关酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及免疫和生长相关基因表达的变化。结果显示,凡纳滨对虾死亡率随亚硝酸盐浓度的增加而升高,6.00 mg/L浓度组体质量增长率(WGR)和体长增长率(LGR)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。部分浓度组亚硝酸盐对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和血清中的免疫相关酶活性具有一定的诱导作用。其中,当亚硝酸盐浓度高于0.50 mg/L时,肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.50、0.90和1.70 mg/L浓度组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);血清中CAT和SOD活性随亚硝酸盐浓度的增加均呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势;0.90 mg/L浓度组的肝胰腺和血清中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。MDA含量变化无明显规律。此外,血清中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,除0.50 mg/L浓度组外,其他浓度组的mn-sod和hsp70基因表达量显著升高(P<0.05);各浓度组的cat、trx、tgase、trypsin和chitinase基因表达量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。经亚硝酸盐胁迫40 d后,各浓度组凡纳滨对虾的生长和免疫功能均受到明显的阻遏作用。在盐度为5条件下,为确保凡纳滨对虾的健康养殖,亚硝酸盐浓度应控制在0.50 mg/L以内。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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