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1.
《畜禽业》2017,(5)
<正>特种野猪是经过人工驯化杂交改良后的一个野猪品种,是选用优良雄性野种用公猪与优良瘦肉型杜洛克等家母猪交配繁育而出的后代,使其克服了野猪原有的野性,又保持了野猪原有的外形和具有管理粗放、得病少、抗病力强、野味的特点。又具有家猪的温驯和优良猪种饲料报酬率高、生长快的优点。特种野猪野味浓郁、肉质鲜嫩、瘦肉率高、脂肪少、营养丰富等优良特性而逐渐成为人们追求的新绿色食品,开展野猪资源的合理开发和利用,具有广阔的发展前景。  相似文献   

2.
特种野猪的圈养技术   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
特种野猪是由国家级特种野猪种 源基地--浙江宁波南方野生动物养 殖有限公司从1989年开始进行野猪 的人工训养,并将纯种野猪做父本,以 英系大白猪、杜洛克猪等不同的优良 家猪做母本进行杂交培育出来的一种 新的猪种.它具有野猪和家猪的双重 优点,改变了纯种野猪肉质粗糙,口感 差等不足和家猪肥肉多、脂肪多的缺 点.与野猪相比产仔率高,脂肪少,瘦 肉率高,肉的品质好,一年可产两胎以 上,每胎8~10头,多可达16~18头. 与家猪相比,具有背膘薄、肉颜色深、 板油少等特点,显现出明显的杂交优 势.具有肉质脆嫩,瘦肉率高、脂肪少、 营养丰富、野味足、风味好等特点,非 常适全现代人的口味,肉中人体必须 的亚油酸含量比家猪高出0.5~1倍以 上,受到消费者的青睐,是非常理想的 特色野味保健食品,是农民朋友发展 特种养殖的好项目.  相似文献   

3.
“特种野猪”是纯种野猪与家猪杂交,经过多次选育、驯化、稳定的一种山猪,其饲养技术与家猪大体相同,但也有其不同的特点和要求,本文叙其饲养管理技术供从事这一行业人员参考。  相似文献   

4.
《畜禽业》2012,(5):39
<正>俄罗斯相关动物防疫部门2012年3月份的调研显示,一些非洲猪瘟感染地区的野猪病例样品中含有ASF病毒。这种病毒不仅在家猪中传播,而且还在野猪中种群中传播,因此建议猪农不仅要加强对家猪的防疫,还要预防业野猪的感染。猪农应该将家猪与野猪分离,并且对饲料进行加热处理。  相似文献   

5.
《畜禽业》2016,(2)
野猪生活在森林中,是家猪的祖先,而特种野猪是经过人工驯化改良后的一个野猪品种,基因稳定。公母猪可长期做种繁殖而基因不变,它不同于家猪,形以野猪,故取名为特种"野猪"。特种野猪肉以"一多、(富含多种维生素)二高、(蛋白质含量高、亚油酸含量高)、三低、(低脂肪、低胆固醇、低糖)而闻名,是现代人崇尚健康、营养的高生活水平所不可缺的一道美味绿色佳肴,开发前景极为乐观。因其抗病力强、瘦肉率高、肉品质好、养殖成本低、效益好,特种野猪养殖越来越受到人们的关注,目前,许多家猪养殖场纷纷转产养野猪,已成为许多投资者、养殖户的首选项目。  相似文献   

6.
俞志成 《畜禽业》2001,1(5):66-66
特种野猪是经过人工驯化改良后的一个野猪品种,基因稳定。公母猪可长期做种繁殖而基因不变,它不同于家猪,形似野猪,故取名为特种"野猪",开发前景极为乐观。  相似文献   

7.
现阶段,我国野猪的非洲猪瘟防控形势依然十分复杂、严峻。非洲猪瘟疫情的传入、发生以及传播存在一定的风险。针对如何搞好家猪、野猪非洲猪瘟的联防联控进行了详细的分析。  相似文献   

8.
对青海省多巴镇猪场的12头野猪及20头杂种猪血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性进行了测定。结果为:(1)野猪血清LDH活性不存在性别差异,但在日龄组间差异极显著(P<0.05);(2)野猪血清LDH活性(2394.77IIU/L)显著高于家猪血清LDH活性(2197.74IIU/L)(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
《畜禽业》2001,(12):11
近日,广东省吴川亿泰利绿色养殖场的26头雌性野猪顺利产下了60多只身上有棕、褐、红三种颜色纵条毛的小猪仔,这说明特种野猪在广东省养殖成功.经测试,三色野猪含有17种氨基酸、亚油酸,含量比一般家猪高2~2.5倍,具有较高的经济效益和广阔的开发前景.目前,广州、深圳、湛江、茂名等地多家宾馆已纷纷到该场签订订货合同.  相似文献   

10.
野猪和家猪血清乳酸脱氢酶活性测定及分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
石芙蓉 《畜禽业》2008,(5):49-50
对青海省多巴镇猪场的12头野猪及20头杂种猪血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性进行了测定。结果为:(1)野猪血清LDH活性不存在性别差异,但在日龄组间差异极显著(P〈0.05);(2)野猪血清LDH活性(2394.77IIU/L)显著高于家猪血清LDH活性(2197.74IIU/L)(P〈0.05)。  相似文献   

11.
The genetic diversity and structure of nine domesticated strains of red sea bream used in a private hatchery were studied and compared to a wild population. A total of 313 individuals were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. Average number of alleles per locus ranged from 5.5 to 9.4 in domesticated strains, but that of the wild population was 28.4. Heterozygosity of domesticated strains (ranged 0.697–0.804) was also lower compared to the wild population (0.952). Estimated Ne also decreased in all domesticated strains (ranged 10.3–126.0) compared to the wild population (1422.5). The UPGMA tree and 3‐D FCA showed that there were two main clusters containing domesticated strains, and the wild population was at the middle of both of the domesticated clusters. The STRUCTURE analysis also supported the phylogenetic analysis, and revealed three sub‐clusters in the domesticated strains. Pairwise FST revealed that all domesticated strains were statistically different from the wild population, and also the differentiation between domesticated strains was all statistically significant. Information on genetic diversity and structure of domesticated strains of red sea bream obtained in this study will be useful for future broodstock management and selective breeding programmes.  相似文献   

12.
Samples of wild and domesticated salmon in Norway were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci to compare allelic variability and investigate the potential of microsatellite markers for identification of individuals. The following loci were amplified: Ssa20, Ssa62NVH, Ssa71NVH, Ssa90NVH, Ssa103NVH, Ssa105NVH, SsaF43; Ssa20.19; Ssa13.37; SsOSL85; Ssa197; Ssa28. All domesticated strain samples displayed reduced variability compared to wild salmon. On average 58% of the allelic richness observed within the four wild stocks were present in the samples taken from domesticated strains. No systematic differences in heterozygosity were observed between samples representing the two groups.

Pairwise genetic distances, as estimated by Fst values and Nei [1978] was 2–8 times higher among domesticated strains than among wild strains. Among the wild stocks, the highest genetic distances were observed between the river Neiden, located in northern Norway, and the other wild stocks located in the southwest of Norway.

Assignment tests indicated that the wild and domesticated salmon could be distinguished with high precision. Less than 4% of domesticated salmon were misassigned as wild salmon, and less than 3% of wild fish were misassigned as domesticated salmon. Fish from individual domesticated strains were identified with similarly high precision. Assignment to wild salmon stocks was less accurate, with the exception of the sample taken from the river Neiden, for which 93% of the individuals were correctly assigned.  相似文献   


13.
China and Hungary are major providers of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in East Asia and Europe respectively. However, the genetic variation and relationship of this species in the two countries have been poorly understood. In this study, mitochondrial COII‐tRNALys and D‐loop sequences were analysed to investigate the genetic structure and relationships of the representative wild and domesticated common carps distributed in China and Hungary. The results indicated that the genetic diversities of the Chinese common carps are higher than those of Hungarian common carps, and the diversities of the wild common carps are higher than those of domesticated common carps in both the countries. Analysis of molecular variance and pairwise FST demonstrated a significant genetic divergence between the Chinese and the Hungarian common carps, and between the wild and the domesticated common carps. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis and statistical parsimony network showed an obvious genetic differentiation between the Chinese and the Hungarian common carps, between the wild and the domesticated common carps. However, a few specimens and haplotypes from the Chinese wild common carps appeared in the Hungarian common carps, demonstrating that there was no absolutely isolated and possible genetic linker between the Chinese and the Hungarian common carps.  相似文献   

14.
Atlantic salmon populations across the world have diverse ecological and evolutionary histories, from wild anadromous or landlocked, to domestication and genetic modification. The natural host behaviours confer protection from infestation by ectoparasitic salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis, yet whether genetic origin results in different behaviours and thus susceptibility to infestation is unknown. In common garden experiments, we tested antiparasite behaviours, susceptibility and retention of salmon lice in wild anadromous, wild landlocked, domesticated and genetically modified domesticated strains. Within domesticated strains, we tested two infestation histories (previously infested and naïve) and a new phenotype (albino colouring). Farmed stocks initially acquired 24%–44% higher levels of parasite density than the wild and landlocked strains. Burst swimming and displacement behaviours were higher in the domesticated groups, and jumping was more prevalent in the domesticated strains. At 34 days post‐infestation, domesticated strains and the wild anadromous strain did not differ significantly from each other; however, landlocked salmon had increased infestation levels considerably. Domesticated strains lost ~20% (±9.9%–16.5%; 95% CI) of their initial parasite load, while parasite load increased by 5.5% (±30.1%) for wild salmon and 20.1% (±28.5%) in landlocked salmon. This study provides early evidence for diverged host–parasite interactions associated with domestication in this system.  相似文献   

15.
The present study compares the relative costs of stocking ponds with postlarvae from wild or domesticated Kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus (Bate), broodstock. Wild broodstock were obtained from a commercial trawler. Domesticated broodstock were reared to harvest size (wet weight = 25 g) on a commercial farm and then transferred to controlled environment tanks where they were grown to a final wet weight of 50 g. The costs of stocking ponds with postlarvae were calculated from the observed reproductive output, the costs of purchasing wild broodstock and the costs of domesticated broodstock production in the controlled environment facility. Domesticated P. japonicus spawned comparable numbers of eggs to wild broodstock of similar size, but hatching success was significantly lower. A total of 12 domesticated P. japonicus broodstock would be needed to produce the postlarvae to stock a 1-ha pond, compared to only six wild broodstock. However, the much higher relative costs of wild broodstock means that the cost of using their postlarvae would be Aus$851 per pond compared to Aus$390 for domesticated broodstock. The present authors conclude that the use of domesticated P. japonicus broodstock could be a cost-effective alternative to wild broodstock in Australia and in other countries where P. japonicus is farmed.  相似文献   

16.
The escape or release of cultured and domesticated organisms into the wild poses a threat to the genetic integrity of natural populations. Based on data from 17 microsatellite loci, the genetic differentiation between wild and hatchery Oujiang color common carp Cyprinus carpio var. color was investigated, and its potential application for identifying the escapees of hatchery strains was assessed using Bayesian genetic assignment. No significant differences were observed between pooled hatchery and pooled wild populations in terms of allelic richness (A R), observed heterozygosity (H O), and inbreeding coefficient (F IS). Analysis of molecular variance and pairwise F ST comparisons suggested significant genetic differentiation between hatchery strains and between hatchery and wild populations, which was further confirmed by principal components analysis and Bayesian clustering analysis. Bayesian genetic alignment showed high self-assignment accuracy (ranging from 86.0 to 96.0%) in the original populations, demonstrating the ability of this technique to identify hatchery Oujiang color common carp escapees in the wild population.  相似文献   

17.
A study was carried out to investigate the genetic diversity during domestication of Oreochromis shiranus (Trewavas) and to see if it could be associated with events in the known history of aquaculture development in Malawi. Five polymorphic microsatellite loci were scored in 14 populations of O. shiranus and one population of O. mossambicus (Peters). The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 4.4 ± 1.03 to 13.2 ± 3.31 and was higher in the wild populations than in the domesticated populations. Other measures of genetic diversity were also lower in the domesticated compared with the wild populations, and the decline in diversity was correlated with the time elapsed since the founding of the farm stocks. Ordination analysis grouped domesticated populations into three: (1) those that trace their genealogy from Lakes Chiuta and Chilwa populations and are now spread all over the country; (2) those that come from Lakes Malawi and Malombe; and (3) hybrids between O. shiranus and O. mossambicus. Genetic differentiation among farms was strongly influenced by the pattern of known exchanges among the farmers and introgressive hybridization that had occurred between O. shiranus and O. mossambicus in the farmers’ ponds. Thus, the process of genetic changes in the species subsequent to domestication are best explained and predicted by socio-economic factors that influence the behaviour of farmers, rather than by the time-and-distance models of standard population genetics.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract – Avian predation on emigrating wild and domesticated sea trout smolts was investigated in a fjord in the western Baltic Sea. In April 1997, 50 domesticated and 50 wild smolts were intraperitoneally tagged with radio-transmitters and released in a small coastal stream. Predation was recorded by signal interception in an estuarine breeding colony of cormorants and herons near the outlet of the stream. Of the 78 emigrating smolts, 51 (65%) were recorded as eaten. Predation rates were significantly higher among small than large smolts and significantly higher among domesticated smolts. The first 2 days after entering the sea, both wild and domesticated smolts suffered a severe daily predation rate (range 20–34%). The results support the hypothesis of a transient period immediately after exposure to full-strength sea water, where smolts experience an elevated risk of predation. A transient increase in postsmolt mortality may be found also in moderately saline environments (20–23 ppt).  相似文献   

19.
The agricultural world today is dominated by a few domesticated mammal species, that is, animals modified from their wild ancestors through selective breeding in captivity for traits beneficial to human usages. As a result, a clear dichotomy exists between wild (from hunting) and domesticated mammals (produced in farms) used for human consumption. Similar to agriculture, aquaculture is often viewed as the only solution that can provide more fish products given that harvesting wild stocks have reached an upper limit. Aquaculture is considerably younger than agriculture relying on natural sources to farm numerous species. To better describe the diverse strategies for fish production, we propose a new classification comprising five levels of ‘domestication’ with 1 being the least to 5 being the most domesticated. Our classification places 70% of the 250 farmed finfish species recorded in the 2009 FAO database into levels 1, 2 and 3 representing a transitory form of fish production dependent on the availability of the wild resource. In contrast, only a few species, or more accurately populations, can be considered truly domesticated, similar to cattle or sheep. Based on this classification, two scenarios for the future of aquaculture are discussed: either the industry focuses on few truly domesticated species, similar to the path taken by agriculture, but avoiding its negative impacts or aquaculture proceeds with inter‐specific diversification by focusing primarily on the domestication of native species.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract  Supplementation of wild fish with non-native or domesticated fish is common practice. However, these stocked and native fish differ both ecologically and genetically and, in the wild, they interact in a multitude of ways, often with negative repercussions for the native population. This study assessed the long-term genetic impact of historical stocking activities on a contemporary population of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. During the 1960s salmon from hatcheries in Scotland and Iceland were transplanted to the River Dart, England. Microsatellite loci were used to assess the current level of population admixture between samples taken from the source location of the stocked fish during the 1960s and contemporary Dart populations. After allowances were made for natural genetic relationships between donor and recipient populations, the long-term impact of the historical stocking events on a catchment scale appears minimal. However, one tributary consistently reflected closer genetic relationships with the donor populations, indicating a possible long-term impact on a localised scale.  相似文献   

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