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1.
黄海中南部鳀鱼各发育阶段对浮游动物的摄食   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
对1999~2001年在黄海中南部采集的鯷鱼(Engraulis japonicus)消化道进行了分析。产卵场的鯷鱼仔稚鱼和越冬场的成鱼都是主要在白天摄食,胃饱满指数白天明显高于夜间。鯷鱼消化道中的食物团几乎全部由浮游动物组成。鯷鱼偏好的食物随鯷鱼长度的增加而变化。桡足类和它们的卵子、幼体是最大的优势类群。体长小于10mm的鯷鱼仔稚鱼主要摄食桡足类的卵和无节幼体;体长11~20mm的鯷鱼仔稚鱼主要摄食桡足类的桡足幼体和原生动物;叉长21~30mm的鯷鱼主要摄食纺锤水蚤等小型桡足类和甲壳类的蚤状幼体;叉长41~80mm的鯷鱼主要摄食桡足类的桡足幼体;叉长81~90mm的鯷鱼主要摄食中华哲水蚤和桡足幼体;叉长91~100mm的鯷鱼主要摄食中华哲水蚤、胸刺水蚤、真刺水蚤等较大的桡足类;叉长101~120mm的鯷鱼主要摄食中华哲水蚤、胸剌水蚤、太平洋磷虾、细长脚域;叉长大于121mm的鯷鱼主要摄食太平洋磷虾和细长脚Song。  相似文献   

2.
婆罗异剑水蚤的培养试验   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
桡足类是海洋生态系食物链中不可缺少的环节。在海水养殖业中,桡足类可作为海产经济鱼类仔、稚、幼鱼和贝、虾、蟹类幼体的动物性饵料生物。婆罗异剑水蚤(Apocyclops borneoensis Lindberg)隶属于剑水蚤目、剑水蚤科,是一种小型的桡足类,体长0.98-1.13mm,分布于广东(虎门)、福建(厦门)和印度尼西亚,生活在低盐度的咸淡水中。  相似文献   

3.
渤海两种桡足类幼体摄食的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对186个含有食物的消化道分析结果表明:真刺唇角水蚤桡足幼体营浮游植物食性,摄食硅藻类,其中辐射圆筛藻、未查明的圆筛藻和中心圆筛藻是它的主要摄食对象。它在渤海所摄食的种类有一定的季节变化,食物种类更替率各季平均为29.9%,春、秋高,夏、冬低。它的摄食强度以夏季为最高,冬季居第二位,春季居第三位,秋季最低。对86个含有食物的消化道分析结果表明:小拟哲水蚤桡足幼体也营浮游植物食性,摄食硅藻类,其中辐射圆筛藻和未查明的圆筛藻是它的主要摄食对象。它在渤海所摄食的食物种类也有一定的季节变化,食物种类更替率各季平均为10.3%。它的摄食强度,夏、秋低,冬、春高。上述两种桡足幼体对环境中的饵料浮游植物都有明显的选择性,集中摄食其中个体较大而且容易获得的优势种类——圆筛藻属。真刺唇角水蚤桡足幼体的食性类型与成体不同,在前者发育到后者过程中发生了食性转换,即从植食转变为杂食性。小拟哲水蚤桡足类幼体的食性类型与成体相同。  相似文献   

4.
在轮虫培养中用敌百虫杀灭桡足类的试验   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
针对鱼、虾、蟹人工苗种生产中经常遇到的由于轮虫中混杂桡足类导致育苗失败的实际情况,探讨利用轮虫和桡足类对晶体敌百虫忍耐性的差异,在不影响轮虫生长、繁殖的情况下彻底清除桡足类的方法。结果表明:轮虫和桡足类对敌百虫的忍耐性有较大的差异,轮虫和桡足类的96h敌百虫安全浓度分别为2.0mg/L和0.2mg/L;致死浓度分别为3.0mg/L(96h)和0.4 mg/L(72h);在敌百虫添加浓度0.5~2.0mg/L条件下,敌百虫对轮虫繁殖率的影响随添加浓度加大而增加,但这一影响是可逆的,一般在2~3d后即可恢复正常。在苗种生产实际中,将敌百虫处理浓度定为1.0~1.5mg/L较为适宜。  相似文献   

5.
黄海北部春季和夏季浮游动物生态特性与时空分布   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据2015年3月(春季)和6月(夏季)对黄海北部辽宁近岸海域的浮游动物调查结果,分析了两个季节的浮游动物种类、生物量、丰度等群落结构特征。此次调查共鉴定出浮游动物47种,其中春季42种,夏季34种。浮游动物以浮游幼虫和小型桡足类为主。桡足类幼虫、棘皮动物幼体、桡足类幼体、洪氏纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤和腹针胸刺水蚤为春季优势种;夏季浮游动物优势种依次为桡足类幼体、洪氏纺锤水蚤,拟长腹剑水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、桡足类幼虫、小拟哲水蚤和腹针胸刺水蚤。春季浮游动物平均生物量为512.09mg/m~3,平均丰度为15 522.18个/m~3;夏季浮游动物平均生物量为218.84mg/m~3,平均丰度为7582.39个/m~3;浮游动物生物量和丰度均为春季较高。黄海北部辽宁沿岸海域的浮游动物生物量、丰度较高。水温是影响浮游动物群落结构的重要环境因子。  相似文献   

6.
大亚湾桡足类的生态学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据2003年12月~2004年9月对纬度22.617°以北的大亚湾海域进行4个航次海域生态环境监测的资料,对大亚湾浮游桡足类的种类组成、生态类群、数量的季节变化和平面分布进行了分析。结果表明,所记录的54种浮游桡足类中,以红纺锤水蚤、亚强真哲水蚤、微刺哲水蚤和锥形宽水蚤的数量最丰富。桡足类种类数和丰度均以夏季最高,春季最低。通过这次调查,得出以下结论:大亚湾桡足类种类较多,是浮游动物第一大类群,但数量上次于毛颚类和枝角类;夏、秋2季是桡足类数量的高峰期,都以红纺锤水蚤占绝对优势;该次调查中大亚湾出现的浮游桡足类分属热带大洋类群、近岸低盐类群和广布类群,种类组成属印度西太平洋热带边缘区系。  相似文献   

7.
珠江三角洲河网桡足类群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
为了解珠江三角洲典型河网水域浮游桡足类的生态特征,于2012年3月、5月、8月和12月对该水域进行4个季度的采样调查,通过数据分析,对桡足类的种类组成、现存量及生物多样性等指标进行了分析。共鉴定桡足类9科24属31种,以及桡足幼体和无节幼体。结果显示,该水域桡足类优势种的季节演替及空间变化明显,广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)、跨立小剑水蚤(Microcyclops varicans)和透明温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops hyalinus)等种类为常见种。桡足类及无节幼体的现存量分布具有明显的季节变化,丰水期现存量大于枯水期;桡足类现存量的平面分布较为均匀,无节幼体的现存量基本呈现自西南向东北方向降低的趋势。总体看来,丰水期桡足类的平均生物多样性指数及均匀度指数高于枯水期,空间分布格局基本呈现自西南向东北方向降低的趋势。PCA分析结果表明,珠江三角洲河网水域桡足类群落结构与水温、总磷、总氮、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数以及叶绿素a含量呈显著正相关,与透明度和p H呈显著负相关。  相似文献   

8.
山东半岛南部癆鱼产卵场癆鱼仔、稚鱼摄食的研究   总被引:15,自引:5,他引:10  
研究了山东半岛南部Ti鱼产卵场体长2.5-17.9mm的Ti鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食。Ti鱼仔、稚鱼主要饵料为原生动物的鼎形虫、单角铠甲虫、三角铠甲虫。小型桡足类的卵、桡足类的无节幼体和桡足幼体。桡足类种类为墨氏胸刺水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、克氏纺锤水蚤、双刺纺锤水蚤和拟长腹剑蚤等小型类桡足类。各种饵料所占的个数的百分比为:鼎形虫2.2%,单角铠甲虫7.6%,三角铠甲虫3.3%,桡足类的卵42.2%,无节幼体30.4%,桡足幼体14.1%,Ti鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食率为16.2%,摄食活动主要在白天,在水的中下层进行。由于摄食率低,肠道饱满度差,饥锇可能是引起Ti鱼仔、稚鱼死亡的主要原因。  相似文献   

9.
比较了蛛虫速灭、鱼虫恨和强力混杀3种渔药对桡足类和中华绒螯蟹溞状幼体的急性毒性。试验结果表明,蛛虫速灭对桡足类的96h半致死添加量为0.011mL/m3,鱼虫恨为0.036mL/m3,强力混杀精为0.014mL/m3,蛛虫速灭对桡足类的杀灭能力最强;对中华绒螯蟹溞状幼体Ⅰ期的急性毒性鱼虫恨最大,蛛虫速灭最小。蛛虫速灭在0.18~0.20mL/m3的剂量下,对溞状幼体毒性低,幼体能正常变态,可用于蟹苗池桡足类的控制。强力混杀精对桡足类和中华绒螯蟹溞状幼体的毒性很接近,鱼虫恨对中华绒螯蟹溞状幼体的毒性大于对桡足类的毒性,两者均不适宜在中华绒螯蟹生态池控制桡足类。  相似文献   

10.
罗晓霞  黄翔鹄  李长玲 《水产学报》2017,41(8):1276-1285
为研究不同浓度的牟氏角毛藻对双齿许水蚤生长、存活和生殖的影响,并构建双齿许水蚤在不同食物浓度下的种群生命表。实验共设5个浓度组(0.5×10~5、3×10~5、6×10~5、12×10~5、17×10~5个/m L),结果显示,食物浓度对双齿许水蚤的幼体生长率、发育时间、存活率及孵化率有显著的影响。当食物浓度为3×10~5~6×10~5个/m L时,双齿许水蚤的发育速率、生长率及孵化率显著高于浓度最低组(0.5×10~5个/m L)和浓度最高组(17×10~5个/m L),其幼体的发育时间为174~192 h,生长率为0.6~0.64μg C/d,孵化率为464.2~608.2个/雌。存活率则随着食物浓度的升高而降低,浓度较低的0.5×10~5、3×10~5、6×10~5个/m L组的存活率均达80%,显著高于12×10~5及17×10~5个/m L组。食物浓度越高,生命周期越短。当食物浓度为3×10~5及6×10~5个/m L时,桡足类的内禀增长率均达0.237/d,比最低浓度组(0.5×10~5个/m L)及最高浓度组(17×10~5个/m L)高出28%~32%。研究表明,食物浓度过高或过低均不利于双齿许水蚤的种群增长,其生长繁殖的最适食物浓度范围为3×10~5~6×10~5个/m L。  相似文献   

11.
The application of trichlorfon, diflubenzuron, or fenthion to fertilized culture ponds stocked with 5-day-old, reciprocal-cross, hybrid striped bass fry resulted in an initial reduction in the concentration of rotifers and longer-term alteration of zooplankton successional stages, including changes in concentrations of rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods. Culture ponds without applied chemicals had the highest concentrations of small rotifers when fry were stocked, followed by high concentrations of cladocerans, copepod nauplii, and adult copepods. Fry survival in untreated ponds was higher than in chemically-treated ponds. Initial high concentrations of copepods in some ponds corresponded with low fry survival. Untreated ponds that were filled at the time of broodfish spawning, and stocked with fry 5 days later, had the highest fry survival rates, corresponding with peak rotifer concentrations, followed by a typical zooplankton succession.  相似文献   

12.
肉壳分离病是近年来发生在:宇斑东风螺稚、幼螺中间培育过程中的一种常见病害。之前进行的相关研究表明:该病的主要诱因是由于混入养殖池内的捕食性桡足类对稚、幼螺的攻击,导致稚、幼螺受伤部位发生溃疡性病变。本文报道了不同浓度梯度90%晶体敌百虫对壳高0.09cm~0.20cm的稚、幼螺和桡足类的毒性试验结果,旨在寻求在方斑东风螺稚、幼螺培育池中杀灭桡足类的适宜浓度。结果表明:方斑东风螺稚、幼螺对敌百虫有很强的适应能力,在6×10^-6浓度下24h后仍能正常摄食,而培育池中的桡足类在1.5×10^-6浓度条件下5h内基本被杀灭,两者对敌百虫毒性的适应呈显著差异,利用这一差异可有效杀灭培育池中的敌害生物桡足类,使方斑东风螺脱壳病的病情得到有效控制。  相似文献   

13.
Copepod nauplii are a nutritious food item for first-feeding marine fish larvae. Unfortunately, mass culture techniques for producing copepod nauplii are not well established. Copepod nauplii can be collected from wild zooplankton populations or specially prepared ponds and transferred to larval fish tanks for feeding. This study evaluated the use of two trapping methods for harvesting zooplankton, particularly copepod nauplii, from fertilized ponds and the impact on the zooplankton population. Nine, 0.11 ha brackish-water (~2-7 ppt salinity) ponds were filled and fertilized with organic and inorganic fertilizers. The change in zooplankton abundance, mainly rotifers, nauplii and adult copepods, was monitored in the ponds for 22 d following initial pond filling. Beginning on day 8, three ponds were trapped with a large plankton net (Trap I), three with a pump and bag trap method (Trap II), and three ponds were not trapped. The ponds were trapped with the corresponding method for 1 h per day, for 15 d. The two trapping methods were similar in their efficiency to harvest nauplii, averaging 8,383,400 ± 2,508,378/h and 6,695,822 ± 433,533/h for Traps I and II, respectively. The zooplankton harvested by Trap I was not correlated to the densities in the ponds. However, the number of rotifers and nauplii harvested by Trap II was correlated to the rotifer and nauplii densities in the ponds. Both trapping methods were similar in terms of labor requirements and ease of use. Both methods were effective in collecting zooplankton without negatively impacting pond abundance.  相似文献   

14.
Strategies for Development of Rotifers as Larval Fish Food in Ponds   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Strategies to sustain rotifer peak biomass, distribution of rotifer resting eggs in the sediment, and relationship between rotifers and larval fish growth were studied in a series of pond experiments. After the ponds were filled with water, herbivorous rotifers (e.g., Brachionus calyciflorus ) developed first, but were gradually replaced by predatory rotifers (e.g., Asplanchna ). Subsequently, herbivorous cladocerans (e.g., Moina sp) eventually replaced rotifers and dominated the zooplankton community. The occurrence of Asplanchna and Moina indicated the decline of B. calyciflorus . Peak rotifer biomass developed 8–10 d after the ponds were filled with water at 20–25 C, 10–15 d at 17–20 C, 15–20 d at 15–17 C, 20–30 d at 10–15 C, and >30 d at < 10 C. The abundance of resting eggs in the top 5-cm sediment varied from 6 to 83/cm2. About 25% of resting eggs were buried in the top 5-cm sediment but the number of resting eggs decreased with increased sediment depth. Optimum rotifer biomass for silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix larvae stocked at 1,500,000/ha was 20–40 m/gL. High rotifer biomass (>20 mg/L) usually lasted 3–5 d, but could be prolonged by pond fertilization or cladoceran controls. A weekly application of dipterex at 0.05 mg/L reduced cladoceran biomass but enhanced rotifer biomass. Our results indicate with a careful management plan it is possible to synchronize the rotifer development with larval fish stocking.  相似文献   

15.
Baitfish producers have expressed interest in adopting the split‐pond production system. However, confining fish to 20% of the pond area in split‐pond systems effectively quintuples fish density within the culture unit as compared with densities in open ponds. Winter conditions are known to be relatively more stressful on smaller fish, and high densities within split‐pond culture units could increase losses. A 139‐d study was conducted during the winter to compare the production of golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas, in traditional earthen ponds and split ponds at two densities. Golden shiners were stocked at 646 kg/ha or 1292 kg/ha (ca. 370,500 or 741,000 fish/ha, respectively) into 12, 0.04‐ha, netted earthen ponds (six split ponds and six traditional). Feeding rate, nightly aeration hours, and daily circulation hours were reduced when water temperature decreased. At harvest, net yields were significantly lower in the split ponds as compared with traditional ponds at each density (53 and 113 kg/ha less in the low‐ and high‐density split‐pond treatments, respectively). Estimated survival was high (>87%) and did not differ among treatments. Results showed that, although net yield was reduced, small baitfish could be successfully overwintered in split‐pond culture units in preparation for the spring crappie market.  相似文献   

16.
Diet of larval and juvenile pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) reared in ponds wasinvestigated and compared with the diet ofpikeperch from a reservoir. The standard lengthof first feeding pikeperch larvae in ponds was6.1 mm, on average, and although rotifers werepresent in the diet, their numericalcontribution can be considered asinsubstantial. Rotifers were soon replaced bynauplii of cyclopoid copepods, which werehighly positively selected and contributedlargely to the diet up to a larval length of 10 mm.Daphnia spp. were consumed from the onsetof exogenous feeding, but were not positivelyselected until 15 mm. Anothersmaller cladoceran Bosmina longirostriswas highly negatively selected and did notcontribute significantly to the diet. A clearpositive selection for larger relatively tosmaller prey and a preference for Daphniafrom a body length of 15 mm onwards could beobserved. In the reservoir, rotifers were notfound in the diet of pikeperch larvae even inthe smallest individuals. Dominant food itemswere nauplii and 1st copepodite instar ofEudiaptomus gracilis and Cyclopsspp. Cladocerans – Daphnia galeata andto a lesser extent Diaphanosomabrachyurum appeared in the pikeperch diet at alength of about 10 mm. A shift from copepods toDaphnia spp. and especiallyLeptodora kindtii could be recognised inpikeperch at a length of 20 mm. When comparing ourdata from nursing ponds with the data fromímov reservoir, similar trends in dietcomposition were observed.Growth of pikeperch was found significantlyfaster in nursing ponds than in the reservoir.Slow growth of reservoir pikeperch was probablyan artefact due to the prolonged spawningperiod in the reservoir. Larvae and juvenilesfrom later spawnings decreased the average sizeof the population over the studied period. Innursing ponds lowest average standard length atharvest was found in the pond with the highestnumbers of fish, and vice versa in the pondwith the lowest numbers the largest standardlength was recorded. This result corresponds tothe increased intracohort food competitionamong juvenile pikeperch with increasingstocking density.  相似文献   

17.
Embryonic development and larval hatching of the monogenean Diplectanum aequans, gill parasite of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, was studied in relation to different prophylactic treatments. Groups of eggs of D. aequans were submitted to different in vitro treatments: formalin (300 and 100 L L–1 per 1 hour), Neguvon® (trichlorphon 0.2 mg L–1 per 48 hours) and dehydration for 4 and 8 hours. Percentages of hatched larvae, aborted larvae and undeveloped embryos were estimated in comparison with the control group. Results showed that 300 L L–1 formalin and dehydration treatments were able to reduce larval hatching significantly, while Neguvon® and 100 L L–1 formalin treatments had no effect.  相似文献   

18.
Studies were conducted to determine the effect of stocking size and density of prawns in polyculture.
In one experiment, postlarval prawns (av. wt. 0.02 g) were stocked in six 0.02 ha earthen ponds at 35,00O/ha. Two ponds were stocked with tilapia fry (av. wt. 0.14 g) and two were stocked with tilapia fingerlings (av. wt. 30.1 g), each at 10,000/ha. Two control ponds had no tilapia. Tilipia stocking size had no effect on prawn growth. Mean weight of prawns after 70 days of culture ranged from a low of 4.5 g when cultured with tilapia fingerlings to a high of 6.6 when cultured in monoculture. Prawn survival was adversely affected by tilapia fry. Average prawn survival in tilapia fry ponds was 65% compared to 75% and 91%, respectively, in tilapia fingerling and monoculture ponds.
In a second experiment, postlarval prawns were stocked in nine 0.02 ha earthen ponds at 40,000/ ha. Six ponds were stocked with 30 g tilapia fingerlings, three at 5,000/ha and three at 15,000/ha. Three control ponds received prawns only. After 100 days of culture, prawn weight ranged from an average of 15.9 g in monoculture ponds to 11.5 g in polyculture ponds. Survival was highest (93.8%) in low density polyculture ponds. Survival was lowest (85.6%) in prawn monoculture ponds. Tilapia reproduction had a negative impact on shrimp production.  相似文献   

19.
We examined the potential for producing the large numbers of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) needed for restocking programmes by co-culturing juveniles with the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris in earthen ponds. Our experiments in hapas within shrimp ponds were designed to detect any deleterious effects of sandfish on shrimp, and vice versa. These experiments showed that a high stocking density of juvenile sandfish had no significant effects on growth and survival of shrimp. However, survival and growth of sandfish reared with shrimp for 3 weeks were significantly lower than for sandfish reared alone. Increased stocking density of shrimp also had a significant negative effect on survival and/or growth of sandfish. A grow-out trial of juvenile sandfish in 0.2-ha earthen ponds stocked with 20 shrimp post-larvae m− 2, and densities of sandfish between 0.8 and 1.6 individuals m− 2, confirmed that co-culture is not viable. All sandfish reared in co-culture were dead or moribund after a month. However, sandfish stocked alone into 0.2-ha earthen ponds survived well and grew to mean weights of ∼ 400 g within 12 months without addition of food. The grow-out trial demonstrated that there is potential for profitable pond farming of sandfish in monoculture. Further research is now needed to identify the optimal size of juveniles, stocking densities and pond management regimes.  相似文献   

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