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1.
为探索大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)替代鱼粉水平对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长、体成分和血清生化指标以及肝组织学的影响。以初始体重为(10.50±0.04)g的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象,用SPC替代基础饲料(含40%鱼粉)0%(FM)、25%(R25)、50%(R50)、75%(R75)、100%(R100)的鱼粉制作成5种等氮(粗蛋白水平为45%)等脂(粗脂肪水平为10%)的实验饲料。各实验组以对照组(FM)饲料蛋氨酸、赖氨酸含量为基准,分别添加适量的晶体赖氨酸和蛋氨酸。养殖实验在浙江省象山县西沪港区进行,每个处理随机分配3个网箱(1.5 m×1.5 m×2 m),每个网箱放养60尾,养殖周期为56 d。结果表明,与对照组相比(FM),SPC替代鱼粉水平对大黄鱼幼鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、存活率(SR)以及饲料系数(FCR)没有显著影响(P0.05);肌肉粗蛋白和全鱼粗蛋白无显著差异(P0.05),肌肉粗脂肪和全鱼粗脂肪含量随替代比例的增加有下降的趋势,均以R100组含量最低,肌肉水分含量和全鱼水分有上升的趋势;血清各项指标没有显著性差异,但血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)含量有下降趋势,以R100组含量最低;血清胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量呈现出先升高后下降的趋势。从肝组织学观察中发现,SPC替代水平超过75%会对肝细胞产生损伤,引起肝细胞空泡化,脂肪堆积加重,肝细胞核逐渐溶解或缺失。综上所述,在本研究条件下,SPC替代饲料75%的鱼粉,不会对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长造成负面影响。  相似文献   

2.
本实验旨在探讨脱脂黑水虻(Hermetia illucens)虫粉(DBSFLM)替代鱼粉(FM)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长、体成分、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。实验设计6组等氮(粗蛋白45%)等脂(粗脂肪10%)饲料,用黑水虻脱脂虫粉分别替代饲料中0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉蛋白,分别记为G0、G20、G40、G60、G80和G100。选用2160尾平均体重为(50.08±3.31)g的大黄鱼幼鱼随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复120尾,在室内水泥池(2 m×1 m×1 m)进行为期7周的投喂实验。结果表明:(1) G100组大黄鱼幼鱼存活率显著低于其他实验组, G40组大黄鱼增重率(WGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)均显著高于其他组(P0.05);(2)大黄鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量随着DBSFLM替代FM水平的增加而下降,替代40%及以上鱼体粗蛋白含量显著降低(P0.05);肌肉的粗脂肪和粗灰分含量则随DBSFLM替代FM水平的增加而升高,其中替代60%及以上鱼体粗脂肪和粗灰分含量显著升高(P0.05);(3)随着替代水平的升高(40%),大黄鱼血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著上升(P0.05),甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(CHOL)水平显著下降(P0.05);(4)G20组大黄鱼肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及G40组实验鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均为最高,G40组大黄鱼肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量最低。过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随着DBSFLM替代FM水平升高呈现下降趋势,替代40%及以上CAT活性显著下降(P0.05)。综上所述,在本实验条件下,脱脂黑水虻虫粉替代饲料中40%鱼粉蛋白对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长性能、体成分及健康状况无负面影响。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)生长和血清生化的影响,该研究以鱼粉(fish meal,FM)为基础蛋白源配制了5组饲料[分别添加0%(FM)、25%(FSM25)、50%(FSM50)、75%(FSM75)和100%(FSM100)的发酵豆粕(fermented soybean meal,FSM)替代鱼粉]。为消除限制性氨基酸的影响,分别添加0%、0.10%、0.22%、0.35%和0.45%的赖氨酸及0%、0.14%、0.27%、0.41%和0.54%的蛋氨酸。结果显示,FSM25和FSM50组的增重率、特定生长率、肥满度和采食量与FM组无显著差异(P0.05),FSM100组饲料系数显著高于FM组(P0.05)。发酵豆粕各组的肌肉水分、灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量与FM组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。FSM75和FSM100组血清中的谷草转氨酶(AST)活性和总蛋白(TP)含量分别显著高于和低于FM组(P0.05),FSM100组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于FM组(P0.05)。FSM75和FSM100组肝脏IGF-1和GH基因表达量显著低于FM组(P0.05)。综上,在添加限制性氨基酸条件下,发酵豆粕替代鱼粉不超过50%不会对卵形鲳鲹产生不利影响,根据回归曲线得出最佳替代水平为17.5%。  相似文献   

4.
为了探讨玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)生长、肠道组织结构及肠道微生物菌群的影响,进行了为期8周的生长实验。以初始体重为(10.49±0.03)g的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象,用玉米蛋白粉分别替代基础饲料(含40%鱼粉)中0%(FM,对照组)、15%(CGM15)、30%(CGM30)、45%(CGM45)、60%(CGM60)、75%(CGM75)的鱼粉,配制6种等氮(粗蛋白含量45%)等脂(粗脂肪含量10%)的实验饲料。56 d投喂实验结束后,各处理组幼鱼的存活率与特定生长率以及饲料系数等指标均无显差异(P0.05)。从肠道组织学发现,各处理组与对照组(FM)的幼鱼肠道组织结构肠黏膜、皱襞高度、杯状细胞个数均无显著差异性(P0.05),但CGM60组的幼鱼部分肠黏膜上皮细胞被破坏,上皮细胞排列紊乱,纹状缘出现缺刻,肠绒毛部分出现脱落或破损;CGM75组的幼鱼肠道的皱襞高度变短,皱襞密度降低,皱襞个数减少。选取FM、CGM15(生长相对较好)和CGM75(生长相对较差)三组运用Illumina-Mi Seq高通量测序技术分析幼鱼肠道菌群的物种丰富度指数(chao1)、香农指数(Shannon)、辛普森指数(Simpson)和覆盖率(good coverage)均无显著差异(P0.05);基于门水平,FM、CGM15和CGM75组的幼鱼肠道细菌中优势菌群为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)。而在属水平,类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、嗜碱菌属(Alkaliphilus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)为其优势菌群。分析属水平差异菌属发现,与FM组相比较,CGM15和CGM75组均显著增加了链球菌属(Streptococcus)的物种丰度(P0.05);与FM组相比,CGM15组显著降低了德沃斯氏菌(Devosia)和纤维弧菌属(Cellvibrio)的物种丰度(P0.05);与FM组相比,CGM75组显著增加了葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)的物种丰度(P0.05)。综上所述,玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉达45%时对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长、肠道组织结构及肠道优势菌群均影响不大。  相似文献   

5.
选取蛹肽蛋白分别替代大菱鲆幼鱼配合饲料中0、15%、30%、45%、60%、75%的鱼粉,配制成6种等氮等能的饲料饲喂大菱鲆幼鱼(19.84±0.04 g)56 d,以研究蛹肽蛋白替代鱼粉的效果。结果显示,大菱鲆幼鱼的特定生长率、饲料效率随替代水平的升高而降低,30%及以上替代组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪水平随替代水平的升高而降低,分别在75%和30%及以上替代组显著降低,鱼体水分和灰分含量随替代的升高而升高,分别在75%和30%及以上替代组显著升高(P<0.05)。摄食率随替代水平升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,在30%替代组呈现出最高的摄食率,且显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。饲料干物质的表观消化率在42.53%-54.36%之间,且当替代水平达到75%时显著低于对照组(P<0.05);而蛋白质表观消化率在71.67%-86.89%之间,仅45%和75%替代组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各替代组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性均高于对照组,在45%和60%替代组出现显著性差异(P<0.05)。综上所述,蛹肽蛋白可以替代大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中15%的鱼粉而不影响其生长摄食、饲料利用以及与消化、代谢、免疫相关的酶的活性。  相似文献   

6.
玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆摄食、生长及体组成的影响   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
以鱼粉和玉米蛋白粉作蛋白源,配制6种等氮等能的饲料。其中5种饲料(C0、C12、C25、C38和C50.5)分别含有0%、12%、25%、38%和50.5%的玉米蛋白粉以替代相应的鱼粉蛋白。其余1种饲料(C50.5CAA)是在饲料C50.5基础上补充1.8%晶体氨基酸混合物(L-lysine:1.2%,L-arg:0.6%)。经7周的生长试验,结果表明随着饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代水平的升高,大菱鲆(12.51±0.02)g的摄食率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率均显著下降。饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量为50.5%时,大菱鲆摄食率显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05)。当饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量超过25%时,大菱鲆特定生长率显著低于对照组(C0)(P<0.05)。当饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量超过38%时,饲料效率和蛋白质效率与对照组(C0)相比显著下降(P<0.05)。C50.5CAA组的摄食率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率与C50.5组相比都有升高的趋势,但差异不显著。而饲料中添加晶体氨基酸显著提高了大菱鲆的饲料效率(P<0.05)。饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆鱼体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及灰分含量均无显著影响。饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆血清甘油三酯和尿素氮含量也不产生显著影响,然而,随着饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量升高,血清总胆固醇含量显著下降(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

7.
选取蛹肽蛋白分别替代大菱鲆幼鱼配合饲料中0、15%、30%、45%、60%、75%的鱼粉,配制成6种等氮等能的饲料饲喂大菱鲆幼鱼(19.84±0.04 g)56 d,以研究蛹肽蛋白替代鱼粉的效果。结果显示,大菱鲆幼鱼的特定生长率、饲料效率随替代水平的升高而降低,30%及以上替代组显著低于对照组(P0.05);鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪水平随替代水平的升高而降低,分别在75%和30%及以上替代组显著降低,鱼体水分和灰分含量随替代的升高而升高,分别在75%和30%及以上替代组显著升高(P0.05)。摄食率随替代水平升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,在30%替代组呈现出最高的摄食率,且显著高于对照组(P0.05)。饲料干物质的表观消化率在42.53%-54.36%之间,且当替代水平达到75%时显著低于对照组(P0.05);而蛋白质表观消化率在71.67%-86.89%之间,仅45%和75%替代组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。各替代组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性均高于对照组,在45%和60%替代组出现显著性差异(P0.05)。综上所述,蛹肽蛋白可以替代大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中15%的鱼粉而不影响其生长摄食、饲料利用以及与消化、代谢、免疫相关的酶的活性。  相似文献   

8.
用大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)替代鱼粉饲喂大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea), 以探究其对幼鱼生长、肠道结构及肠道微生物菌群的影响。选取初始体重为(10.50±0.04) g的大黄鱼幼鱼, SPC替代鱼粉的比例分别为0% (SPC0, 对照组)、25% (SPC25)、50% (SPC50)、75% (SPC75)和100% (SPC100), 制作成5种等氮(粗蛋白水平为45%)等脂(粗脂肪水平为10%)的实验饲料, 进行为期56 d的饲养实验。结果表明, 与SPC0(对照组)相比, 幼鱼的存活率、增重率、特定生长率以及饲料系数受各SPC替代鱼粉水平的影响不显著(P>0.05)。肠道组织学显示, 各处理组幼鱼肠道的后肠黏膜厚度、皱襞高度、固有层宽度和杯状细胞个数差异性不显著(P>0.05)。Illumina HiSeq 高通量测序技术分析发现, SPC0 (TC: 对照组)、SPC25 (TB: 生长相对最佳组) 和SPC100 (TW: 生长相对最差组)的Chao1、香农指数(Shannon)、辛普森指数(Simpson)和覆盖率(good coverage)差异不显著(P>0.05); TC、TB和TW组幼鱼肠道细菌在门水平的优势菌群为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes), 类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus)在属水平占绝对优势。根据属水平的菌属差异结果发现幼鱼的生长受细菌微生物的组成的影响: 与TC组相比, TB组微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)、红杆菌属(Rhodobacter)和伦黑墨氏菌属(Rheinheimera)的物种丰度显著降低(P<0.05); 与TC组相比较, TW组红杆菌属(Rhodobacter)的物种丰度显著降低(P<0.05), 乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)的物种丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述, 大黄鱼幼鱼的生长、肠道结构及肠道优势菌群不会因为鱼粉完全被大豆浓缩蛋白替代而产生负面的影响。  相似文献   

9.
周晖  陈刚  林小涛 《水产科学》2012,31(6):311-315
配制5种等氮、等能的饲料,D1组以全鱼粉作为蛋白源,D2、D3组分别用脱脂豆粕替代10%和20%鱼粉,D4组以啤酒酵母粉替代10%鱼粉,D5组以玉米蛋白粉替代10%鱼粉,投喂体质量30~38g的幼鱼5周,研究3种蛋白源替代饲料中的鱼粉蛋白对大规格军曹鱼幼鱼生长和体成分的影响。试验结果表明,各组存活率差异不显著(P0.05);D3组体质量、质量增加率、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率和特定生长率均显著低于D1组(P0.05),而其他各组无显著差异(P0.05)。D3组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于D1、D5组(P0.05),肌肉灰分含量则显著高于其他组(P0.05);其他各组全鱼和肌肉常规营养成分无显著差异(P0.05)。D3组肝体指数显著低于其他组(P0.05),各组的脏体指数、肝脏脂肪含量和肥满度均无显著差异(P0.05)。试验结果提示,3种蛋白均可替代饲料中10%的鱼粉蛋白而不产生显著影响,但替代比例达到20%,就可能对大规格幼鱼的生长、饲料利用、体成分和健康产生不良影响。  相似文献   

10.
以初始体重为(1.93±0.11) mg的大黄鱼稚鱼(12日龄)为实验对象,以微粒饲料(micro-diet,MD)分别替代0%、25%、50%、75%和100%生物饵料(live prey,LP),探讨微粒饲料替代生物饵料对大黄鱼稚鱼生长、存活、体成分和消化酶活力的影响.30 d的摄食生长实验表明:微粒饲料替代生物饵料显著影响大黄鱼稚鱼的生长、存活、体成分和消化酶活力.当微粒饲料替代50%和75%生物饵料时,两组间的特定生长率(SGR)差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于100%替代水平(P<0.05);同时,75%替代水平SGR显著高于0%和25%替代水平(P<0.05).存活率在各处理组间的差异关系与SGR的变化趋势类似.鱼体粗蛋白含量随替代水平的升高有下降的趋势,其中50%、75%和100%替代水平鱼体粗蛋白含量显著低于0%和25%替代水平(P<0.05),而鱼体粗脂肪含量变化趋势与之相反.当微粒饲料替代100%生物饵料时,其胰段和肠段淀粉酶活力显著高于其余各处理组(P<0.05),而其余各处理组之间淀粉酶活力差异均不显著;微粒饲料替代生物饵料对各处理组蛋白酶活力无显著影响.由此可以看出,大黄鱼苗种生产中,在12日龄以后使用优质微粒饲料替代50%~75%的生物饵料是可行的.  相似文献   

11.
A growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of a mixture of soybean meal and Chlorella meal (SCM) as a dietary fishmeal (FM) substitute on growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs), digestive enzymatic activities, and histology of juvenile crucian carp, Carassius auratus. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace 0 (SCM0), 25 (SCM25), 50 (SCM50), 75 (SCM75), and 100% (SCM100) of protein from FM with SCM, respectively. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile crucian carp for 6 wk. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and intestinal digestive enzymatic activities (amylase, trypsin, and lipase) tended to decline with increasing FM replacement levels (P > 0.05). Dietary SCM substitution significantly influenced dry matter content in muscle, and crude protein and lipid contents in liver (P < 0.05). ADCs for dry matter, protein, lipid, energy, and most amino acids showed no significant differences between the control and SCM25 group, but tended to decline with replacement levels over 25%. Higher SCM substitution (50–100%) caused karyopyknosis and necrosis in liver, but intestinal histology did not show noticeable pathological changes. The present study indicated that FM could be replaced by 25% of SCM, without significant adverse growth performance, feed utilization, and histology of crucian carp.  相似文献   

12.
The main objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial and total replacement of fishmeal protein by okara meal (OM) protein in practical diets on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) mono‐sex males. Fish of an average initial weight of 2.67 ± 0.01 g were stocked in 15 glass aquariums (80 L each) at a rate of 15 fish per aquarium. Fishmeal protein (18% of the diet) was used as the sole source of animal protein in the control diet. Percent replacement of fish meal (FM) by OM on the basis of crude protein was as follows: 0% (control diet A), 25% (diet B), 50% (diet C), 75% (diet D) and 100% (diet E). Diets were fed to fish at a rate of 5%, and then gradually reduced to 4% of the total fish biomass daily, for a period of 12 weeks. The results revealed that the fish fed diets A (100% FM control), B (25% OM), C (50% OM) and D (75% OM) had significantly the best average body weight, weight gain g, specific growth rate (SGR % day?1), weight gain % and feed intake g fish?1 compared with diet E (100% OM) which had the lowest values. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among all experimental diets and control in terms of feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate %. Whole body protein contents for fish fed diets B, C and D were superior to the control diet. Incorporation of OM in the diets increased significantly whole body fat content. Incorporation of OM in the diets significantly increased apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein crude fat and energy. Therefore, these findings suggest that up to 75% of FM protein can be replaced by OM protein in Nile tilapia, mono‐sex male diets.  相似文献   

13.
A 60 days feeding experiment was carried out with Black Sea turbot Psetta maeotica to determine the amount of poultry by‐product meal (PBM) that could replace fish meal (FM) in formulated diets without reducing growth performance. Juvenile Black Sea turbot (initial average weight, 30 g) were fed five isoenergetic (gross energy, 20.5 ± 0.21 kJ g?1 diet) and isonitrogenous diets (protein content, 550 ± 0.35 g kg?1). The control diet used white FM as the sole protein source, the other four diets were prepared to replace FM protein at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with PBM. The fish readily accepted all experimental diets and no mortality were recorded during the trial. There were no significant differences in growth performance of turbot (P < 0.05) fed the diets with 25% and 50% replacement levels compared with fish offered the control diet (100% FM), however, final body weight and specific growth rate values in the 50% replacement diet were about 8% lower than those of the control. Total nitrogen excretion in fish fed 50% replacement diet were about 10% higher than the control group, even though these parameters were not found to be statistically different. At the levels of 750 and 1000 g kg?1 of the protein, PBM inclusion caused a severe decrease in growth performance, feed utilization, protein efficiency ratio and per cent nitrogen retention. The results in the present study indicate that up to 25% of FM protein can be replaced by PBM protein without causing reduction in growth performance, nutrient utilization and nitrogen retention.  相似文献   

14.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fishmeal (FM) replacement by a mixture of rapeseed meal and Chlorella meal (RCM) on growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs), digestive enzymatic activities and intestinal histology of crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelioi. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated to replace 0% (RCM0), 25% (RCM25), 50% (RCM50), 75% (RCM75), and 100% (RCM100) of protein from fishmeal with RCM respectively. Each experimental diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups with 25 juvenile fish (initial body weight: 1.77 ± 0.04 g) per fibreglass tank for 6 weeks. With increasing substitution levels, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed intake and protein efficiency ratio increased, but feed conversion rate decreased. Dietary RCM substitution improved lipid content of muscle, but had no significant effect on other proximate composition of muscle and liver. ADCs of dry matter, protein, lipid, energy and the majority of amino acids increased with increasing substitution level, and digestive enzyme activities (amylase, trypsin and lipase) in intestine showed the similar trend with ADCs. Dietary RCM substitution had no significant adverse effect on intestinal histology. This study indicated that FM protein could be completely replaced by mixed protein sources (RCM) in crucian carp diets.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

This study was conducted as a trial of using dry whey meal (DWM) as a substitute for fish meal (FM) in practical diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Triplicate fish groups were fed on five isonitrogenous (30.2%) and isolipidic (6.9%) diets. The control diet (D1) used FM as the sole protein source. In the other four diets (D2–D5), FM protein was substituted by 25, 50, 75, or 100% DWM. Fish (3.5 ± 0.1 g) were stocked at a rate of 20 fish per 100-L aquarium and fed one of the tested diets up to satiation twice daily for 12 weeks. Fish growth, feed utilization, protein efficiency ratio, apparent protein utilization, and energy utilization for fish fed DWM diets up to 75% FM (D2–D4) tended to be higher but were not statistically different than the control diet. No significant effect of diet was found in whole-body moisture, crude protein, and total ash contents. Whole-body lipid content in fish fed the 100% DWM (D5) diet was significantly higher than that for fish fed the control diet. The optimal replacement level of FM by DWM was estimated by second-order polynomial regression to be 62.5%.  相似文献   

16.
The potential of using rendered animal protein ingredients, poultry by‐products meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), and feather meal (FM), to replace fish meal in diets for malabar grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, was evaluated in a 10‐week net pen experiment. Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight 50.2 g) were fed eight isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets formulated to contain 52% crude protein and 9% crude lipid. The control diet contained 50% herring meal, whereas in the remaining seven diets, PBM was incorporated at 11.9 (PM1), 23.8 (PM2), and 35.7% (PM3) to replace 25, 50, and 75% of the fish meal; MBM was incorporated at 14.5 (MM1) and 29.0% (MM2) to replace 25 and 50% of the fish meal; and FM was incorporated at 9.4 (FM1) and 18.8% (FM2) to replace 25 and 50% of the fish meal. A raw fish (RF) diet was used as comparison to assess growth performance of fish fed the formulated diets. Feed intake was lower in fish fed the diets PM3 and FM2 than fish fed the control diet. There were no significant differences in weight gain (WG), final body weight (FBW), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), energy retention efficiency (ERE), and total nitrogen waste output (TNW) between fish fed the control diet and the diets PM1, PM2, PM3, MM1, MM2, and FM1. Fish fed the diet FM2 had lower WG, FBW, NRE, and ERE but higher TNW than that of fish fed the control diet. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher in fish fed the diets MM2, FM1, and FM2 than fish fed the control diet. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences in whole‐body content of moisture, crude protein, and crude lipid among fish fed the formulated diets. WG, FBW, and TNW of fish fed the diet RF were higher, while FCR and NRE were lower than that of fish fed the control diet. No significant differences were found in feed intake, ERE, and whole‐body composition between fish fed the diet RF and the control diet. Results of the present study suggest that dietary fish meal level for malabar grouper can be lowered from 50 to 38% by incorporating PBM, MBM, or FM.  相似文献   

17.
A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids.  相似文献   

18.
A 12‐week feeding trial was carried out in concrete tanks to examine complete and partial replacement (75%) of fish meal (FM) with poultry by‐product meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM) and soybean meal (SBM) in practical feeds for African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight ranged from 90.33 to 93.93 g fish−1) were fed seven isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets of 20% digestible protein and 300 kcal 100 g−1 of digestible energy. The control contained 25% herring meal, whereas in the other six diets, PBM, MBM and SBM replaced 75% or 100% of the FM. Final body weight (FBW) and specific growth rate (SGR) of the fish fed diets containing PBM (75% and 100%), SBM (75% and 100%) and MBM (75%) were all higher, but not significantly different than those for fish fed the control diet. Replacing 100% of the FM by MBM significantly lowered FBW and SGR. Concerning whole body composition, there were no significant differences in ash and gross energy content of whole‐body among fish; fish fed diets containing PBM‐100% recorded significantly lower protein content compared with the control diet, while fish fed diet SBM‐100% recorded significantly lower moisture content compared with the control diet. Also fish fed diets SBM‐100% and PBM‐75% recorded higher lipid and gross energy contents compared with the control diet. The study revealed that satisfactory growth and feed utilization responses could be achieved through the replacement of FM by PBM, SBM and MBM in the diet of African catfish.  相似文献   

19.
Two insect meal (IM) products were tested as ingredient in diets for Atlantic salmon weighing ~250 g. The modern control diet contained 200 g kg?1 fish meal (FM100), which was stepwise replaced by insect meal A (IM A) as a 25% (A25), 50% (A50) or 100% (A100) FM replacement or insect meal B (IM B) as a 25% (B25) or 100% (B100) FM replacement. Selected nutrient parameters and contaminants were measured in the diets. After 15 weeks, fish length and weight were recorded and visceral and hepatic indices calculated. Fatty acid and amino acid digestibility was calculated. Morphology of the liver, kidney, mid‐ and hind intestine was evaluated. Finally, a sensory testing of the fillets was conducted. A25, A50 and A100 performed equally well as the FM100 diet. The feed intake decreased moderately with increasing IM A inclusion; however, food conversion ratio decreased, resulting in an equal net growth of the fish. Histology did not show any differences between any of the dietary groups, and sensory testing of fillets from FM100, A100 and B25 did not reveal any significant differences in odour, flavour/taste or texture between groups. IM A was suitable to replace up to 100% of dietary FM, whilst IM B did not perform equally well.  相似文献   

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