银鲳不同组织中4种同工酶的表达差异

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了银鲳(Pampus argenteus)脾脏、肝脏、肌肉、心脏、肾脏等5种组织中酯酶(EST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)等4种同工酶的表达模式,并对各种同工酶的酶谱进行了分析。结果表明:这4种同工酶在银鲳5种组织中的分布均存在一定的组织特异性,其与各组织的生理机能密切相关。银鲳4种同工酶共记录出61条酶带,其中EST被检测出的酶带数量最多也较复杂,ADH同工酶酶带数量最少,只有6条酶带被检测到,LDH和GDH分别检测到16条和9条酶带;组织特异性主要表现在位点表达和酶活性强弱不同这两个方面,GDH1和ADH2只在肝脏中表达。     

大弹涂鱼白细胞介素-8基因分子进化及不同病原体刺激对其表达的影响

实验从大弹涂鱼皮肤组织转录组中筛选出大弹涂鱼IL-8基因,并分析了其序列特征,构建了系统发生树,评估了IL-8基因在健康个体不同组织中的表达差异,以及在不同病原体刺激下IL-8基因在机体主要免疫器官肝脏和脾脏中的表达情况。结果显示,该基因的开放阅读框由306个碱基组成,编码101个氨基酸残基,包含典型的由18个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽,和1个由62个氨基酸残基组成的SCY结构域,该结构域还包含了4个保守的半胱氨酸残基,分别为Cys-30、Cys-32、Cys-57和Cys-73。大弹涂鱼IL-8氨基酸序列中的受体结合位点基序ELR (Glu-Leu-Arg)被Asn-Ser-His (NSH)取代,系统进化分析表明,纯化选择影响了鱼类该基序的多样性,且IL-8基因在大弹涂鱼乃至硬骨鱼中不可取代。荧光定量实验结果显示,IL-8基因在大弹涂鱼的健康组织中广泛表达,在鳃和脑中表达量最高。细菌和poly(I∶C)注射实验表明,在受到感染后,肝、脾和脑组织中IL-8的表达量均上调,说明IL-8基因在大弹涂鱼肝、脾和脑组织的炎性反应和免疫应答中起到了重要作用,为大弹涂鱼免疫基因的后续研究提供了参考。     

对二甲苯对大弹涂鱼肝脏和白肌抗氧化酶活性的影响

设定对照组和3个对二甲苯浓度组(0.16,0.80,4.00μmol/L),研究不同浓度对二甲苯对大弹涂鱼肝脏、白肌组织的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和抗氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.试验结果表明,大弹涂鱼肝脏、白肌在对二甲苯暴露下表现出不同...     

重金属镉胁迫对大弹涂鱼肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响

研究了在重金属镉胁迫条件下,大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmuspectinirostris)肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的变化。重金属镉胁迫12h时0·5mg/LCd2 组XOD酶活性和对照组比较显著升高(P<0·05);胁迫24h时,大弹涂鱼0·05mg/LCd2 组肝脏的XOD酶活性和对照组比较极显著升高(P<0·01),而0·5mg/LCd2 组酶活性结果却降低;恢复3d时0·5mg/LCd2 又极显著升高(P<0·01)。在镉胁迫解除5d时,3个浓度组的酶活性均极显著降低(P<0·01),其中0·05mg/LCd2 组和0·5mg/LCd2 组的酶活性和对照组酶活性比较无显著差异(P>0·05),5mg/LCd2 组的酶活性极显著低于对照组的酶活性(P<0·01)。实验结果表明,大弹涂鱼肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性对水体中镉污染敏感,有可能用做海洋环境污染的生物标记。     

大弹涂鱼TLR基因分子进化研究及其在鳗弧菌胁迫后的表达分析

大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmuspectinirostris)是一种生活在潮间带的淤泥滩和红树林等两栖环境中的鱼类,其免疫系统面临比水生生活更大的选择压力。Toll样受体基因(简称TLR)是重要的先天免疫成员,一直是鱼类分子免疫学的研究热点之一。为了探究大弹涂鱼TLR基因是否因为其独特的生活环境而产生适应性进化以及其TLR基因在受到细菌攻击后的免疫应答模式,本研究从大弹涂鱼皮肤转录组中获得了TLR5, TLR8和TLR9完整序列以及TLR3和TLR7部分序列,采用分子生物信息学对大弹涂鱼TLR5, TLR8和TLR9基因序列以及氨基酸序列进行了分析,并根据所构建的系统发育树对5个TLR基因进行了分子进化分析,采用荧光定量PCR方法对大弹涂鱼5个TLR基因的组织表达分布和鳗弧菌攻击后5个TLR基因的免疫应答模式开展了研究。结果显示, TLR5基因全长3071 bp,包括长度为2646 bp的编码区,共编码882个氨基酸; TLR8基因全长3175 bp,包括长度为3033 bp的编码区,共编码1011个氨基酸; TLR9基因全长3398 bp,编码区长度为3093 bp,共编码1031个氨基酸。大弹涂鱼3个TLR基因与其他物种的TLR基因结构相似,具有高度保守性。位点模型结果表明,鱼类TLR3, TLR5和TLR8是高度保守的,而TLR7和TLR9在长期进化过程中产生了适应性进化;而进化枝–位点模型结果表明,为了适应更加复杂多变的两栖环境,大弹涂鱼TLR9基因可能产生了适应性进化。大弹涂鱼5个TLR基因在8个健康组织(肠,眼,肾,肝,脑,肌肉,脾和皮肤)中均有表达,在肝脏和脾脏中的表达量较高。在受到鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)攻击后的免疫表达模式表明了大弹涂鱼5个TLR基因在应对细菌入侵时起到了重要作用。     

吻鮈不同组织乳酸脱氢酶及酯酶同工酶研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直梯度凝胶电泳法对采自赣江上游流域的吻鮈肝脏、脾脏、肌肉、肾脏、心脏和脑6种组织中的乳酸脱氢酶和酯酶同工酶进行了研究。结果表明,吻鮈乳酸脱氢酶同工酶共检测到3条酶带,在肝脏、肾脏中检测到2条,其余组织中检测到1条。肌肉及脑组织中表达活性最高,其次为肾脏、肝脏、肾脏,心脏中表达最弱。吻鮈酯酶同工酶共检测到5条酶带,肾脏中检测到5条,肝脏中检测到4条,肌肉中3条,脾脏中2条,心脏中1条。肾脏中表达活性最高,其次为肝脏、脑、肌肉和脾脏,心脏中表达活性最弱。由结果可见吻鮈乳酸脱氢酶及酯酶分布具有组织特异性。     

雌雄牛蛙器官组织LDH同工酶初步研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，对雌雄牛蛙6种器官组织中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶进行了分析研究。结果表明：不同组织中LDH同工酶谱带存在差异，具有明显的组织特异性。心肌、肾脏和骨骼肌中含有4条酶带，血液、肝、脾中只有3条酶带，心肌中的酶带表达最浓，而血液中的酶带表达最弱。雌雄牛蛙之间谱带条数无差异，同种组织雄蛙比雌蛙的酶带表达要浓。     

对苯二胺对泥鳅酯酶同工酶谱的影响

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,在水温23～25℃条件下,研究了对苯二胺对泥鳅(体质量25.20～28.06g)4种组织及血清中酯酶同工酶表达的影响。试验结果表明,4种组织及血清酯酶同工酶的表达差异性明显,活性强弱依次为:肝胰脏﹥脾脏﹥血清﹥心脏﹥鳃。经不同剂量对苯二胺处理后,未发现剂量梯度与酯酶同工酶表达的正相关变化。在不同时间处理条件下,组织及血清酯酶表达先强后弱,72h达到最弱,96h略有增强,表现了明显的差异性和应激性。     

镉对大弹涂鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

研究了不同质量浓度镉对大弹涂鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶SOD活性的影响。试验结果表明,当曝露于质量浓度为0.05、0.5 mg/L镉中3 d时,大弹涂鱼肝脏SOD活性被显著诱导,当曝露于质量浓度为5.0 mg/L镉中1 d时即被显著诱导;随着曝露时间的延长,各含量组肝脏SOD的活性均不同程度下降,但中低质量浓度条件下仍表现为诱导,而高质量浓度组SOD活性10 d后即明显下降,呈现中毒抑制现象。     

兰州鲇不同组织同工酶及群体遗传结构初步分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了兰州鲇(Silurus lanzhouensis)肌肉、心脏、肝脏、脑、脾脏、肾脏和眼睛等7种组织中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酯酶(EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、醇脱氢酶(ADH)、山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)等6种同工酶的表达模式,并对各同工酶的酶谱进行了分析。结果表明:这6种同工酶在兰州鲇7种组织中的分布均存在明显的组织特异性;6种酶共记录出17个基因位点,其中EST-2、EST-3、MDH-3和SDH-2为多态位点;兰州鲇群体的多态位点比例P为23.53%,位点平均有效等位基因数Ne为1.24;平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.137 2和0.105 1,Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数D为0.305 4,杂合子处于过剩状态。从以上数据中可以看出,兰州鲇野生群体遗传变异程度较大,但是有效等位基因数偏低,有必要对兰州鲇野生种质资源及时加以保护。     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

浅谈船舶干舷的作用

近几年．在唐山沿海发生的渔船海难、海损事故经统计表明呈增多趋势。这与出海作业渔民的安全意识不强有很大关系．渔民为了挣取更多的效益，在海上，超抗风浪等级作业且人为地增加船的不规范载荷．造成船的储备浮力损失，酿成恶果。笔者认为．在渔船设计建造中，留取的干舷对渔船作业的安全性起相当重要的作用，必不可少。 一、储备浮力的重要性 所谓储备浮力就是自船舶设计水线至水密甲板的水密部分体积，其大小与干舷相关．于舷大则储备浮力大，干舷的重要性就在于能够使船在海中保持正常的浮性和安全。再者，在设计建造渔船时，为了改善…     

脂质体介导的鲫CAB细胞转化及转化细胞的核移植

采用脂质体法成功地使gfp基因转入鲫囊胚细胞株CAB细胞基因组，获得了具有G418抗性的细胞。以转化细胞为供体，银鲫卵为受体，核移植得到了转基因的囊胚和原肠胚；并发现4℃处理细胞24h能显著改善核移植胚胎的发育。     

牙鲆刺激隐核虫病的防治

2005年七、八月份,乐亭、滦南一带多家工厂化牙鲆养殖场发生刺激隐核虫病,此种病虫害发病急、传染快、死亡率高。发生过该病的养殖场牙鲆死亡率一般都在50％～80％之间,这种病害给牙鲆养殖业带来很大损失。