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1.
"东优1号"杂色鲍系利用杂色鲍日本群体为父本,杂色鲍台湾群体为母本,采用群体间杂交的方式获得的杂色鲍新品种。2011年在福建漳州古雷海区,笔者采用海区吊养的方式进行"东优1号"杂色鲍和台湾群体杂色鲍的养殖比较试验,并对杂色鲍的  相似文献   

2.
杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)是中国南方主要的鲍养殖种类,近年来“东优1号”杂色鲍因较高的成活率优势已在产业上得到越来越广泛的推广养殖.该研究采用3×3完全双列杂交的方式,对杂色鲍“东优1号”群体、杂色鲍古雷群体和杂色鲍越南群体3个群体自繁与杂交后代的养殖性能进行跟踪,并对其杂种优势进行评估.结果表明,3个群体自繁后代的生长速度和成活率上存在显著差异(P<0.05),同时3个组合的生长速度与成活率的双亲杂种优势率值均不高,且2个单亲杂种优势率值之间有显著差异(P<0.05).  相似文献   

3.
《海洋与渔业》2011,(11):45-45
杂色鲍“东优1号”(审定编号:GS-02-004-2009),是以连续选育四代的高成活率日本群体为父本,连续选育四代快速生长的台湾群体为母本杂交而成。杂交优势明显,具有成活率高、生长速度快的特点,是适养在福建、广东、广西、海南和台湾等地区养殖的新品种。  相似文献   

4.
不同壳色杂色鲍F1家系的早期生长及遗传结构比较   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
范飞龙  游伟伟  战欣  骆轩  陈楠  柯才焕 《水产学报》2012,36(9):1349-1357
在"东优1号"杂色鲍养殖群体中,实验发现了少量的黄壳色变异个体,为得到具有优良经济性状的新品种,实验通过自交和杂交的方法分别建立了正常壳色♀×正常壳色♂(BB)、黄壳色♀×黄壳色♂(YY)、黄壳色♀×正常壳色♂(YB)和正常壳色♀×黄壳色♂(BY)4组家系,对各家系的卵黄径、受精率、孵化率、变态率、存活率和生长性状等生物学参数进行了比较,分析了杂交家系的杂种优势,并利用16个微卫星标记比较了4个家系的遗传差异。结果发现,黄壳色家系的卵黄径显著大于正常壳色家系的卵黄径(P<0.05),各家系的受精率、变态率和存活率没有显著的差异(P>0.05),幼体壳长和壳宽在不同的发育时间里,表现的杂种优势不稳定,在90日龄时,4个家系生长差异不显著。家系BB的遗传多样性最低,遗传距离(0.198 6~0.457 3)和遗传相似性系数(0.632 9~0.897 2)分析表明,BB和YY家系间的遗传距离最大(0.457 3),遗传相似性系数最低(0.632 9),杂色鲍黄壳色的自交家系与正常壳色的自交家系产生了遗传分化。  相似文献   

5.
海上术深圳市海洋渔业服务中心、龙岗区水产研究所等单位联合深圳市各养鲍企业,积极探求和推广新的养殖品种和养殖技术,开发并培育出本地九孔鲍与外地杂色鲍的杂交品种,引进和推广了"东优1号"杂色鲍,指导企业养殖模式从纯陆上工厂化养殖过渡到陆上工厂  相似文献   

6.
九孔鲍选择群体F1的选择反应与现实遗传力估计   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以中国九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor aquatili)养殖群体与日本野生群体杂交子二代为选育基础群体,采用群体选育方法进行九孔鲍的选择育种研究,以估计该养殖群体的选择反应与现实遗传力。截断选择壳长最大的10%个体作为选择组亲本(SS),从基础群体中随机抽取相同数量的个体作为对照组亲本(sc),选择强度为1.755,结果表明,选择组与对照组在卵径、受精率方面无显著的差别(P〉0.05),但选择组在幼体附着率、幼体变态率、幼体成活率及稚贝早期生长方面与对照组相比表现出不同程度的生长优势(P〈0.05),选择组50日龄的稚鲍成活率达到35.07%,显著大于对照组23.62%(P〈0.05),40—270日龄的选择组壳长选择反应和现实遗传力变化范围分别为13.64%~81.88%和0.21~0.53,平均为31.63%和0.36,选择组平均壳长显著大于对照组(P〈0.01)。研究初步显示,养殖群体的选择反应极显著,群体选育是养殖九孔鲍遗传改良的有效途径。  相似文献   

7.
采用皱纹盘鲍大连群体与盘鲍日本群体进行杂交育苗试验和鲍苗种生产。结果表明,皱纹盘鲍和盘鲍正、反交组合的受精率和孵化率均低于两亲本自交组,而其苗种成活率高于两亲本自交组(提高达20%以上);皱纹盘鲍和盘鲍的正、反交组合鲍苗的生长情况是,其平均壳长明显高于两亲本自交组鲍苗的平均壳长,最长达2.01 cm ;皱纹盘鲍与盘鲍作为亲本进行鲍苗种生产,经160 d培育,共培育出鲍苗种2020.75万只(平均壳长2.01 cm ),鲍出苗量平均4345.7只/m2。通过鲍种内杂交的育种方法,可以达到改良和优化鲍种质的目的。  相似文献   

8.
<正>1月21日,由广东省汕头市南弘海珍养殖有限公司、厦门大学和汕头市水产技术推广中心站共同完成的《南方高产、抗逆杂交鲍新品种的培育与推广应用》项目获汕头市科学技术奖一等奖。针对我国南方杂色鲍养殖产业病害频发的问题,课题组利用杂色鲍台湾群体选育系作为母本,日本群体选育系作为  相似文献   

9.
刘小林 《水产学报》2003,27(3):193-199
在对栉孔扇贝中国种群(C)和日本种群(J)的亲本后代及其正反交两个杂交种群的杂交个体9月龄生长发育研究的基础上,进行了各种群的中期(11、13、16、18月龄)生长发育比较研究。结果表明,中国种群的生长速度略低于日本种群;正反两个杂交组合的杂种群体的壳长、壳高、壳宽、体重4个生长发育指标在中期4个测定阶段生长速度均高于亲本种群,表现出不同程度的杂种优势,其范围在5%~50%之间,J♀×C♂杂交组合优于C♀×J♂杂交组合;杂种优势在性状间存在明显差别,体重的杂种优势远大于壳长、壳高和壳宽,变化趋势为体重>壳高>壳长>壳宽;生长发育季节对栉孔扇贝各个性状的生长速度影响非常大,18月龄处于冬季最寒冷的时间,栉孔扇贝在第2个冬季不仅停止生长,而且体重降低,越冬期间仅能维持生命。  相似文献   

10.
杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor),又称九孔、九孔鲍,是我国南方重要的海水养殖品种.由于其成品规格较小(5cm~7cm),达到商品规格所需的养殖时间较其他鲍种短,再加上其风味独特,深受中国、台湾、日本等东亚地区人民的喜欢. 中国大陆的杂色鲍养殖产业开始于20世纪90年代初,但伴随着杂色鲍养殖产业的快速发展,大规模的流行性疾病不断发生.特别是2005年之后,在各杂色鲍主养区普遍流行的"养成期暴发性死亡症"给杂色鲍养殖企业造成巨大损失,养殖产量急剧下降.大量研究已表明,养殖杂色鲍种质的退化是导致暴发性病害流行的根本性原因.  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT:   The ability of salmon growth hormone (sGH) to accelerate the somatic growth of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai by immersion was examined. After immersion for one hour into a sGH-rich solution at a concentration of 30 mg/L, the sGH immunoreactivity in the body fluid of abalone was maximal after one day, and levels were still detectable at two days. No immunoreactivity was observed in the control group. Following immersion for one hour at one or two-week intervals for 120 weeks into the sGH-rich solution at 30 mg/L, the sGH-immersed abalone exhibited a significant increase in shell length and body weight. On the other hand, abalone immersed into a salmon prolactin (sPRL)-rich solution at 30 mg/L for one hour showed a lower increase in both shell length and body weight than the sGH-immersed abalone. No increases in shell length and body weight were observed in either the bovine serum albumin-immersed abalone or untreated controls. These results provide evidence that sGH can be transported from ambient water into the circulatory system of abalone, and can subsequently improve the somatic growth of juveniles.  相似文献   

12.
Outbreaks of serious mortality among cultured abalone postlarvae have occurred across Southern China since July 2002. Five motile bacterial strains were isolated from diseased abalone postlarvae on tryptic soy agar supplemented with 1% NaCl (TSA1) and/or thiosulphate citrate bile salt (TCBS) sucrose agar plates during an outbreak in August 2003 in Shanwei, Guangdong province. All isolates were characterized and identified as Vibrio alginolyticus on the basis of biochemical characteristics and comparisons with those of the reference strain V. alginolyticus ATCC 17749. Strain 19 (a representative of five similar isolates) was virulent to abalone postlarvae with an LD50 value of1.00 × 104 colony‐forming units mL?1. All abalone postlarvae exhibited the same signs as in natural outbreaks. The same bacterium could be re‐isolated from abalone postlarvae after bacterial challenge using TSA1 and TCBS plates. The results reveal that V. alginolyticus is an infectious agent of abalone postlarvae.  相似文献   

13.
The dramatic declines in abalone Haliotis spp. fishery production have been documented all over the world. Release of hatchery‐reared juveniles into natural habitats has been considered as one measure to sustain and/or augment the current fishery production of abalone, as well as to restore collapsed abalone stocks. However, attempts at abalone release programmes have only been undertaken at experimental scales, except for Japan, where large‐scale stock enhancement programmes for abalone have been undertaken since late 1960s. To evaluate the potential of stock enhancement for abalone, we analysed the release surveys of 13 case studies in Japan in terms of the overall recapture rate (number of recaptures through a lifetime/number of juveniles released), yield per release (YPR, yields from released individuals), the economic efficiency of releases (ratio of income from recaptured abalone to release cost) for each release year, and the contribution of hatchery releases to total catches for each fishing year. The average estimates for overall recapture rates (0.014–0.238) and YPR (3.1–60.3 g/individual) varied between locations and release years. The economic efficiency was estimated at 0.4–6.2. The released abalone contributed 6.9–83.5% to total catches. Hatchery releases could augment total production at some locations, but the success of release programmes would be limited by the carrying capacity at release areas, because density‐dependent mortality occurred following releases in some cases. Throughout Japan, the annual catch of abalone has continuously declined from ~6500 t in 1970 to ~2000 t in the mid‐1990s, despite the increase in the number of hatchery releases. Based on the estimates for YPR, the magnitude of the abalone releases on a national scale has not been sufficiently large to sustain the total production of Japanese abalone, which has primarily fluctuated according to the abundances of wild populations. Our results suggest that releases should be targeted at local populations in regions where stock enhancement is predicted to have the greatest chance of success, and the magnitude of releases should be considered carefully and determined for each region by taking the local carrying capacity into account. We also address the future prospects of abalone stock enhancement.  相似文献   

14.
在水温15.8~24.7℃下,将小规格(壳长为1.03±0.02 cm)和中规格(壳长为1.57±0.03 cm)绿盘鲍(GS-02-003-2018)(皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discus hannai Ino♀×绿鲍H.fulgens♂)稚鲍分成A、B、C和D 4个组,饲养在240 mm×170 mm×285 mm、容积8 L的水族箱内:A组投喂粒径165μm的饲料,投喂率为2%、3%、4%和5%;B组投喂率为4%,用粒径198μm和165μm饲料混合投喂,二者比例分别为1:0、7:3、5:5和3:7;C组投喂粒径198μm的饲料,投喂率为2%、3%、4%和5%;D组投喂率为4%,用粒径245μm和198μm饲料混合投喂,二者比例分别为1:0、7:3、5:5和3:7,研究了配合饲料投喂量和粒径对不同规格稚鲍生长和存活的影响。用壳长日增长(DLG)、体质量日增长(WLG)以及壳长特定生长率(LSGR)、体质量特定生长率(WSGR)4个指标来衡量生长情况。结果显示:配合饲料投喂量对稚鲍的生长具有重要影响,不同规格稚鲍适宜的投喂量不同。中规格稚鲍适宜的投喂量为体质量的3%,小规格为体质量的5%;用198μm和165μm颗粒配合饲料以3:7混合投喂小规格稚鲍生长最佳,用245μm和198μm颗粒以1:0混合投喂中规格稚鲍生长最佳;试验结束时各试验组稚鲍存活率均高于88.0%,具有较高的存活率。因此,育苗生产中应根据不同生长阶段选用适宜的投喂量和粒径,以更好地促进稚鲍的生长发育。  相似文献   

15.
The genetic response and economic benefit from alternative breeding programme designs for blacklip and greenlip abalone (Haliotis rubra and Haliotis laevigata, respectively) were evaluated using a computer simulation model. Two selection criteria were investigated, one used family breeding values for liability to disease challenge test infection and the other used a direct selection of the best performing individuals across families for growth rate. Five scales of breeding programme were tested and the model predicted that if growth rate is the only selection criterion, breeding programmes of a scale using 150 families of each species each generation would result in 12–13% genetic improvement in initial generations and have the greatest beneficial economic impact on the Australian abalone industry of the options tested. The model predicts an average discounted benefit–cost ratio of 48:1, total added discounted benefit of AU$4.90 for each kilogram of abalone produced and nominal economic effect on operating income of over AU$16 million per year after 10 years. If disease resistance is the only selective breeding criterion, 100 families of each species would result in the highest benefit–cost ratio of the options tested, although some genetic gain would need to be sacrificed to reduce inbreeding to acceptable levels in this scenario. A strategy for a stand‐alone abalone selective breeding cooperative was also modelled. For a farm of current tank area yielding 100 t year?1, participation is expected to yield over AUThe genetic response and economic benefit from alternative breeding programme designs for blacklip and greenlip abalone (Haliotis rubra and Haliotis laevigata, respectively) were evaluated using a computer simulation model. Two selection criteria were investigated, one used family breeding values for liability to disease challenge test infection and the other used a direct selection of the best performing individuals across families for growth rate. Five scales of breeding programme were tested and the model predicted that if growth rate is the only selection criterion, breeding programmes of a scale using 150 families of each species each generation would result in 12–13% genetic improvement in initial generations and have the greatest beneficial economic impact on the Australian abalone industry of the options tested. The model predicts an average discounted benefit–cost ratio of 48:1, total added discounted benefit of AU$4.90 for each kilogram of abalone produced and nominal economic effect on operating income of over AU$16 million per year after 10 years. If disease resistance is the only selective breeding criterion, 100 families of each species would result in the highest benefit–cost ratio of the options tested, although some genetic gain would need to be sacrificed to reduce inbreeding to acceptable levels in this scenario. A strategy for a stand‐alone abalone selective breeding cooperative was also modelled. For a farm of current tank area yielding 100 t year?1, participation is expected to yield over AU$0.7 million in discounted total added production value and annual discounted returns of over AU$0.4 million per annum by year 10.  相似文献   

16.
The optimal dietary carbohydrate (C) : lipid (L) ratio on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus, was determined. A total of 1260 juveniles were randomly distributed into 18 containers. Six experimental diets containing different ratios of C to L (49:1, 48:2, 47:3, 45:5, 43:7, and 41:9) were prepared and referred to as the C49:L1, C48:L2, C47:L3, C45:L5, C43:L7, and C41:L9 diets, respectively. Water stability of the experimental diets was measured 12, 24, and 48 h after seawater immersion. Crude protein, L and ash content of the experimental diets decreased with time. Survival of abalone fed the C48:L2 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the C49:L1 and C41:L9 diets. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the C49:L1, C48:L2, and C47:L3 diets were higher than that of abalone fed the C45:L5, C43:L7, and C41:L9 diets. Crude L content of the soft body of abalone was directly reflected from dietary crude L content. In conclusion, the optimal dietary C : L ratio was estimated to be 48:2 and 47:3 based on survival, weight gain, and SGR of juvenile abalone, respectively. Greater than 3% L content in the diet deteriorated performance of this species of abalone.  相似文献   

17.
皱纹盘鲍染色体C带和rDNA定位   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
为了提高对皱纹盘鲍染色体的辨识水平,实验利用 Ba(OH)2 处理显示了皱纹盘鲍染色体的C带,并用荧光原位杂交分析(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)研究了核糖体大亚基rDNA在皱纹盘鲍中期染色体上的数目与位置。核型结果显示,皱纹盘鲍染色体组包含7对中部着丝粒染色体和8对亚中部着丝粒染色体,另有3对染色体介于中部着丝粒染色体与亚中着丝粒染色体之间(m/sm)。C显带结果显示,8对染色体有稳定的着丝粒C带,5~7对染色体上有中期相间多态的端部C带,3对染色体上有同源染色体异态的臂间C带。FISH 分析显示,皱纹盘鲍中期染色体上分布着4个大亚基 rDNA位点,分别位于2号短臂(2S)、7号短臂(7S)、12号短臂(12S)和18号长臂(18L)的端部。研究结果为皱纹盘鲍染色体辨识提供了新的特征与标记,为进一步研究皱纹盘鲍种群的染色体多态和鲍属染色体进化提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

18.
九孔鲍壳的综合利用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文研究了利用九孔鲍壳综合提取甲壳素,制取丙酮酸钙,丙酸钙,乳酸钙的工艺条件及其对产品产率,质量的,影响是到了甲壳素的最佳提取条件:先用2mol/L和NaOH室温浸泡24h,再用1mol/L的HCl室温浸泡48h,产率为0.525%。  相似文献   

19.
Dietary substitution effect of sea tangle (ST) with rice bran (RB) on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus) was determined. Juvenile abalone was acclimated to the experimental conditions for 4 weeks. Seventy juvenile abalone averaging 0.43 g were randomly distributed into each of the 18, 70 L plastic rectangular containers. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at a satiation level with a little leftover. The feeding trial lasted for 16 weeks. Survival of abalone was not affected by dietary substitution of ST with RB. However, weight gain of abalone fed the RB40 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the all other diets except for the RB0 diet. No significant difference in weight gain was found in abalone fed between the RB0 and RB100 diets. SGR of abalone fed the RB40 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the all other diets. Also SGR of abalone fed the RB0 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the RB100 diet, but not different from that of abalone fed the RB20, RB60 and RB80 diets. Moisture, crude protein and ash content of the soft body of abalone were affected by dietary substitution of ST with RB. In conclusion, the 100% ST could be substituted with RB without a retardation of weight gain of abalone when the 20% ST was included into the experimental diet. However, the best growth performance was obtained in abalone fed the RB40 diet substituting 40% ST with RB.  相似文献   

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