温瑞塘河后生浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

2011年1-7月对温瑞塘河后生浮游动物的群落结构及其栖息环境进行了调查,10个采样点共鉴定出后生浮游动物24种;其中,轮虫15种、枝角类6种、桡足类3种;优势种包括萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、壶状臂尾轮虫(B.urceus)、镰状臂尾轮虫(B.falcaty)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、长三肢轮虫(Filinia longiseta)、长足轮虫(Rataria neptunia)、指状许水蚤(Schmackeria inopinus)、广布中剑水蚤(Microcyclops leuckarti)和多刺裸腹溞(Moina macrocopa),优势种组成随季节变化略有不同;浮游动物的月均密度为13.39 ～310.8个/L,月均生物量为0.29 ～ 26.04 mg/L,两值均随水温的升高而增高;就空间分布状况看,浮游动物密度和生物量在各样点间存在明显差异.浮游动物与环境因子的典范对应分析(CCA)结果显示,温瑞塘河的水温是影响浮游动物密度变化最主要的因素(P≤0.05);而高锰酸钾指数( CODMn)、总氮(TN)和氨氮(NH4+)对浮游动物密度的分布也有重要影响,但总氮的变化趋势由NH4+的多少决定.建议在温瑞塘河水环境治理过程中,重点关注水体CODMn和NH4+的分布状况.     

一座热带城市型水库浮游动物群落结构的特征

2008年12月～2009年9月,分4个季节月采样,研究了一座热带城市型水库——深圳铁岗水库的浮游动物群落结构。共鉴定出浮游动物73种,均为热带、亚热带或广温性种类。轮虫的种类数和数量在各采样点和各次采样中均居首位。淡水筒壳虫（Tintinnidium fluviatile）、长肢多肢轮虫（Polyarthra dolichoptera）、角突臂尾轮虫（Brachionus angularis）、镰状臂尾轮虫（B.falcatus）、前节晶囊轮虫（Asplanchna priodonta）、萼花臂尾轮虫（B.calyciflorus）和桡足类（Copepodities）幼体是4季中最主要的优势种（类群）。聚类分析和标系排序分析显示,铁岗水库浮游动物群落结构存在空间分布差异。九围和料坑库湾浮游动物群落结构4个季节均在一组,萼花臂尾轮虫、尾突臂尾轮虫（B.caudatus）和矩形龟甲轮虫（Keratella quadrata）主要分布于该组,镰状臂尾轮虫主要分布于西丽入水口,剪形臂尾轮虫（B.forficula）和腹足腹尾轮虫（Gastropus hyptopus）主要分布于库中央。浮游动物密度、优势种（类群）组成、群落多样性指数结果分析表明,铁岗水库的水质已受到人类活动的影响,其中又以九围库湾和料坑库湾较严重。     

大清河流域浮游动物的群落特征研究

研究浮游动物群落特征,评价水质状况,为大清河流域的生态系统修复提供科学依据。2018年5月和8月,在大清河流域25个采样点采集浮游动物样品,分析种类组成、密度以及优势种,利用多样性等指数和聚类分析的方法,分析其群落特征。大清河流域水体中共调查到浮游动物18属28种,其中种数最多的为轮虫16种,占总种数的57.14%;最少的为桡足类4种,占14.29%;2次调查浮游动物平均密度分别为643.08个/L(5月)和715.20个/L(8月);优势种为前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionus urceus)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、直额裸腹溞(Moina rectirostris)、近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus)等。利用Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、Margalef指数和优势度指数计算大清河流域浮游动物多样性指数,结果表明大清河流域浮游动物多样性较差,综合评价其水质为中重度污染。聚类分析将大清河流域2个月25个站点分别聚为9和7个类群。     

太湖贡湖湾大型浮游动物群落结构的季节变化

2006年7月至2007年6月对太湖贡湖湾浮游动物群落结构的季节变化进行了研究。整个研究期间,贡湖湾共鉴定出浮游动物35种;浮游动物年平均密度为467 ind.•L-1,年平均生物量为1.726 mg•L-1。贡湖湾浮游动物优势种为针簇多肢轮虫 (Polyarthra trigla) 和萼花臂尾轮虫 (Brachionus Calyciflorus),其中针簇多肢轮虫年平均密度为99 ind.•L-1,占浮游动物总数量的22 %,萼花臂尾轮虫年平均密度为49 ind.•L-1,占浮游动物总数量的11%。相关分析表明,轮虫数量与颗粒悬浮物浓度和桡足类生物量显著负相关;枝角类数量与轮虫生物量显著负相关;桡足类数量与水温和总磷呈显著正相关性,与枝角类生物量极显著正相关。     

大清河浮游动物的群落特征研究

研究浮游动物群落特征,评价水质状况,为大清河的生态系统修复提供科学依据。2018 年5 月和8 月,在大清河25个采样点采集浮游动物样品,分析种类组成、密度以及优势种,利用多样性等指数和聚类分析的方法,其浮游动物的等群落特征。结果表明大清河水体中共有浮游动物18 属28 种,其中种数最多的为轮虫16 种,占总种数的57.14 %;最少的为桡足类4 种,占14.29 %;2次调查浮游动物平均密度分别为643.08个/L（5 月）和715.20 个/L（8 月）;优势种为前节晶囊轮虫（Asplanchna priodonta）、壶状臂尾轮虫（Brachionus urceus）、萼花臂尾轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）、针簇多肢轮虫（Polyarthra trigla）、直额裸腹溞（Moina rectirostris）、近邻剑水蚤（Cyclops vicinus）等。利用Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、Margalef指数和优势度指数计算大清河浮游动物多样性指数,结果表明大清河浮游动物多样性较差,综合评价其水质为中重度污染。聚类分析将大清河2个月25 个站点分别聚为9和7 个类群。     

不同洪水阶段对升金湖后生浮游动物群落结构特征的影响

为了解不同洪水阶段对升金湖后生浮游动物群落结构特征的影响，于2020年7月初（洪水前（Phase 1））、7月下旬（洪水形成期（Phase 2））、8月中旬（洪水中期（Phase 3））和9月下旬（洪水后（Phase 4））在升金湖湖区水域设置24个采样点进行后生浮游动物采样调查。研究期间共采集到后生浮游动物20科50属86种，其中轮虫11科29属55种，枝角类5科13属23种，桡足类4科8属8种。方差分析显示后生浮游动物密度在不同洪水阶段差异极显著（F=8.301，P<0.01）。四个阶段轮虫共同优势种为暗小异尾轮虫（Trichocerca pusilla）、广生多肢轮虫（Polyarthra vulgaris）、圆筒异尾轮虫（Trichocera cylindrica）、螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis）、裂痕龟纹轮虫（Anuraeopsis fissa），枝角类共同优势种为简弧象鼻溞（Bosmina coregoni）、颈沟基合溞（Bosminopsis deitersi）、脆弱象鼻溞（Bosmina fatalis），桡足类四个阶段没有共同优势种。后生浮游动物密度和生物量平均值分别为2170.20±506.74 ind./L和7.79±2.04 mg/L。平均密度和平均生物量峰值均出现在洪水前，最低值分别出现在分别出现在洪水中期和洪水形成期。Shannon Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数的变化范围分别为2.37~4.50、2.19~6.50和0.83~1.21。Pearson相关性分析结果表明后生浮游动物密度与电导率、水深呈显著负相关，生物量与溶解氧、电导率、水深、浊度呈显著负相关，与总氮含量、硝氮含量呈显著正相关。研究揭示了不同洪水阶段对通江湖泊后生浮游动物的影响：洪水改变了湖泊后生浮游动物的物种组成及优势种，且显著影响后生浮游动物的密度及多样性。     

淀山湖轮虫多样性及生物量时空变化

2004年1月至2006年12月逐月对淀山湖轮虫种类组成、生物量和生物密度的时空变化规律及其生物多样性进行了调查研究，并分析了轮虫密度和水温、叶绿素a的关系。经鉴定，共发现轮虫53种（属），优势轮虫包括针簇多肢轮虫Polyarthra trigla、角突臂尾轮虫Brachionus angularis、萼花臂尾轮虫Brachionus calyciflorus、螺形龟甲轮虫Keratella cochlearis、曲腿龟甲轮虫Keratella valga、晶囊轮虫属Asplanchna spp.、长三肢轮虫Filinia longiseta、椎尾水轮虫Epiphanes senta等，优势种的密度之和分别占当年度轮虫总密度的87.2、82.8和82.8%。3年轮虫平均密度和生物量分别为2514ind/L和2.94mg/L，2005年3月份St6轮虫密度高达11700ind/L。轮虫密度（ind./L）和生物量（mg/L）季节分布一致，均为春季（4862和5.45）>秋季（2300和3.45）>夏季（1773和1.88）>冬季（940和0.45）；在水平分布上，表现为湖心高、进水口和出水口较低、处于网围养殖附近的St3轮虫密度最低的变化趋势。各站点3年平均H为2.27（变幅为2.08-2.50），Marglef指数D平均为2.3（变幅1.1-3.8）。淀山湖轮虫密度和水体中的叶绿素a含量呈极显著相关，回归方程为：轮虫密度（ind./L）=521.6+64.11Chl.a (µg/L)（r=0.634, P<0.001）。     

茜坑水库轮虫群落结构组成和动态

茜坑水库是位于深圳市宝安区观澜镇的一座供水水库,入库水主要由于自东深引水工程调入。抽水入库和持续供水在降低了水体的水力滞留时间的同时,增加了垂直混合,改变了原有的生态过程。为了解这一抽水型水库中轮虫群落结构的变化及主要影响因子,于2012年3-12月对茜坑水库敞水区轮虫进行了逐月采样,同时测定水体的理化因子集。10次采样共观测到轮虫30种,其中臂尾轮科9种,异尾轮科4种,这些种类主要是热带、亚热带地区的常见种和优势种类。前节晶囊轮虫、截头皱甲轮虫、圆筒异尾轮虫、角突臂尾轮虫、红多肢轮虫、Keratella tecta、刺盖异尾轮虫、螺形龟甲轮虫、跃进三肢轮虫、奇异六腕轮虫、长刺异尾轮虫、长肢多肢轮虫、广布多肢轮虫、对棘异尾轮虫、剪形臂尾轮虫和热带龟甲轮虫等为优势种。全年的平均丰度和生物量分别为257.5 ind./L和80.7 μg/L,轮虫生物量在后生浮游动物总生物量中所占比例为11%;丰水期轮虫的丰度和生物量较高,进水口和库中的轮虫群落结构在组成和动态上没有显著差异。水力滞留时间是影响轮虫群落组成和动态的主要非生物因子,枝角类的竞争压力是影响群落结构的主要生物因子。     

澜沧江小湾库区浮游动物群落结构特征及水质综合评价

为探明澜沧江小湾库区浮游动物群落结构特征及水环境因子时空变化,于2017-2019年夏季对其干流和支流黑惠江16个样点进行采样调查。结果显示：澜沧江小湾库区夏季共鉴定出浮游动物4门54种,包括轮虫30种、原生动物10种、枝角类9种和桡足类5种,其干流丰度与生物量均低于支流,轮虫为主要优势种群,其中无节幼体(Nauplius)、汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorii)、广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)、长刺异尾轮虫(Trichocerca longiseta)、裂足臂尾轮虫(Brachionus diversicornis)是三年共有优势种。从浮游动物群落结构特征指数来看,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)变化范围分别为0.063～0.247、0.049～0.282和0.075～0.270;Margalef丰富度指数(D)变化范围分别为1.603～2.646、1.022～4.340和0.596～2.680;Pielou均匀度指数(J)变化分别为0.036～0.107、0.013～0.081和0.022～0.079。综合营养指数(TLI)呈逐年...     

盐碱池塘浮游动物的种类组成和生物量

１９９７年４月５日至１９９８年９月１日对山东高青盐碱池塘浮游动物的种类组成和季节变动进行了研究，结果表明，高青盐碱池塘含盐量变动于１.36-20g.G^-1，总碱度变动于２.4-72.mmol.L^-1,pH值８－９浮游动物主要是淡水盐种或喜盐种，一些是典型的盐水种，浮游动物优势种有团焰毛虫，双环栉毛虫，锥瓶口虫，瓜形膜袋虫，旋回侠盗虫和绿色前管虫（原生动物），褶皱臂尾轮虫，暗小异尾轮虫，萼花臂尾轮虫，角突臂尾轮虫，壶状臂尾轮虫，卜氏晶囊轮虫，简单前翼轮虫，角三肢轮虫和针族多肢轮虫（轮虫）微型裸腹和长肢秀体（枝角类），细巧华哲水蚤，近邻剑水蚤和台液温剑水蚤，（桡足类），无鱼对照池和新挖池塘的浮游动物生物量均较一般养鱼池塘的高。     

Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference,Moncton, NB,August 21, 1995

No abstract available for this article.     

Anguilla huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009, is a junior synonym of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009

Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.     

Surface disinfection of Pacific threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis, and amberjack, Seriola rivoliana, eggs

The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L⁻¹ PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>10⁴ cfu egg⁻¹), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L⁻¹, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L⁻¹ for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L⁻¹) concentrations of H₂O₂ was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg⁻¹).     

Age,growth, maturity and the overfishing of the iconic sciaenid,Argyrosomus japonicus,in south-eastern,Australia

Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L₅₀ of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L₅₀ of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.     

Marine and coastal protected and conserved areas strategy in Brazil: Context,lessons, challenges,finance, participation,new management models,and first results

1. In the last two decades, Brazil has advanced significantly with the expansion and improvement of its national system of protected areas. Until recently most of the expansion was concentrated in the Amazon region (with useful lessons). It also had an uneven ecological representation of coastal and marine ecosystems, concentrated in coastal waters. Despite significant advances, the levels of funding, staff and stakeholders' engagement remain relatively low for such a vast system.
2. Within the past few years, key elements of a new strategy for protection of coastal and marine areas have started to emerge, combined with some participatory processes and a focus on expansion of the total area protected (from <1.5% protection of the country's marine area). These included: a renewed focus on priority areas for conservation; attention to national and international commitments and targets; clarity about the need for partnerships and funding; better engagement of Brazilian society and stakeholders; new, and more collaborative, models of protected areas management and conservation; and openness in the relationships with wider society.
3. Significant results of this effort have started to appear: new large mosaics of oceanic protected areas were created; Amazon mangroves were recognized by the Ramsar Convention; new mangrove protected areas were created, besides other ones proposed; project proposals are under development with partners for better funding and sharing of responsibility; and there is a better engagement with stakeholders. The building of the Brazilian Blue Initiative is underway.
4. The implementation of the proposed 15‐year marine strategy is at its onset: partnerships need to be strengthened and substantial funding is required. It will only be possible to manage the larger system of protected areas if there are more collaborative and innovative models for protected areas and conservation management. These should include partnerships with civil society, local and traditional communities and the private sector, as well as greater engagement of scientists and research institutions, stronger and more qualified tourism, volunteer work, etc. Further innovative funding mechanisms will also be needed along the way.

     

驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼形态观察

对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。     

Factors influencing the abundance of the common bully, Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall, in small, North Island, New Zealand, lakes

Adult common bullies, Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall, are small (total length =  30–120 mm), benthic fish commonly found in the littoral zones of New Zealand lakes where they are a major prey species for trout and eels. Differences in their relative abundance (CPUE) were determined between 21 shallow North Island lakes. Mean CPUE ranged from 2 to >  1000 fish net^{− 1} night^{− 1} and was inversely related to water transparency. The abundance of bullies was not reduced in lakes containing rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), but was reduced in all lakes containing self-recruiting populations of eels, Anguilla spp. Mean densities of planktonic larval bullies in the limnetic zone were also inversely related to water transparency. Since low water transparency is related to increased trophic status for these lakes, the abundance of bullies is likely to be related to lake productivity, rather than turbidity.     

Annual Meeting of the Pacific Fisheries Technologists,Red Lion Inn,San Diego,CA, February 18-21, 1996

No abstract available for this article.     

Effects of Mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis,on Channel Catfish,Ictalurus puncatatus,Production Ponds

Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.