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1.
利用东海水产研究所开展的2012年东南太平洋智利竹鱼(Trachurus murphyi)渔场生态环境调查,对该海域75个站点进行了海洋微生物样品的采集;通过菌株的16S rRNA测序及GenBank数据库比对,分析了从所采样品中分离获得的海洋微生物菌株的物种多样性;通过菌株发酵、代谢产物提取及其抗菌滤纸扩散分析,对其发酵代谢产物粗提物进行了抗菌活性筛选;通过类胡萝卜素合成通路中八氢番茄红素合成酶(crtB)及脱氢酶(crtI)基因分析,对筛选到的抗菌活性菌株进行了基因筛选。结果表明,累计分离获得可培养海洋微生物菌株628株,其隶属12个属,其中的优势菌属包括亚硫酸盐杆菌属(Sulfitobacter)、弧菌属(Vibrios)及气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)。其中16株菌株的发酵代谢产物具有明显的抗菌活性,而其中12株活性菌株具有合成类胡萝卜素的crtB、crtI分子遗传基础。  相似文献   

2.
从虾塘底泥中分离到1株高产壳聚糖酶的菌株,将其命名为QY01.研究发现其最适培养基组分为胶体壳聚糖1.0%、葡萄糖0.1%、酵母粉0.3%、K2HPO4·3H2O 0.2%、MgSO4·7H2O 0.1%、NaCl 0.5%、(NH4)2SO4 0.5%、起始pH 6.最适培养条件为6%接种量,30℃、160 r/min培养72 h,在此条件下发酵液酶活可达10.87 U/mL,表明筛选到的菌株在降解壳聚糖方面具有较好的利用价值和开发前景.对QY01进行了16S rDNA形态特征及生理生化特性鉴定分析,经序列比对,该菌株与芽孢杆菌属的同源性高达99%;形态特征与生理生化鉴定结果与16S rDNA鉴定结果相符,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.).  相似文献   

3.
对一株南海柳珊瑚共附生微生物菌株(中科院南海海洋研究所,菌种编号00856)进行了分类,并对其所产的生物活性物质特性进行了研究。依据形态及16SrRNA基因序列分析,海洋细菌00856归于芽孢杆菌属(SCSIO 00856)。利用所选择的细菌培养基,在一定的培养条件(28℃,pH 7.0)下,该菌株的次级代谢产物对酿酒酵母、金黄色葡萄球菌有一定程度的抑制活性。同时,在培养6d时,该菌产生的生物活性物质对酿酒酵母抑菌效果最好。利用滤纸片法测定产物活性,以抑菌物质高产为目标,利用正交试验的方法优化了培养基的配比。结果表明,用酿酒酵母作为指示菌,以海盐素26.25g/L、葡萄糖12g/L、酵母浸粉3g/L、磷酸二氢钾3g/L、麦芽浸粉5g/L为培养基发酵培养6d,海洋细菌00856产抑菌活性物质最多。  相似文献   

4.
<正>人物简介鞠建华理学博士,研究员,博士生导师,中国科学院大学岗位教授。广东省海洋药物重点实验室主任,中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室主任。主要从事海洋微生物活性次级代谢产物的发现、生物合成和抗感染、抗肿瘤等创新药物的研发工作,从海洋微生物中发现了具有抗感染、抗肿瘤、免疫抑制等活性天然产物500余个,开发了海洋微生物的组合生物合成和异源表达技术,阐明了15种特征活性代谢产物的生物合成机制,揭示了咔啉  相似文献   

5.
分别以蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mycoides)、皮杆菌(Dermabactersp)、噬菌蛭弧菌(Bdell ovibro bacteriovorus)和蜂房芽孢杆菌(Bacillus alvei)4株细菌代谢产物不同溶剂(石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇)的提取物腹腔注射鲫鱼(Carassius auratus),通过测定注射提取物后鲫鱼的血清凝集抗体效价、离体白细胞吞噬活性、吞噬细胞杀菌活性,研究不同代谢产物、不同提取物对鲫鱼免疫功能的影响,以确定代谢产物中活性物质的有效活性部位。结果表明:蕈状芽孢杆菌代谢产物中的活性物质主要集中在石油谜和乙酸乙酯提取物中;噬菌蛭弧菌代谢产物中的活性物质主要集中在石油醚和三氯甲烷提取物中;蜂房芽孢杆菌代谢产物中的活性物质主要集中在石油醚提取物中;而皮杆菌代谢产物中的活性物质则集中在乙酸乙酯和石油醚提取物中。试验结果为进一步追踪分离活性单体提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

6.
中湿度表面的海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
为研究自然微生物膜中海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响,通过海洋贝类生物学、分子微生物生态学等手段调查附着基表面湿度、微生物膜的密度以及细菌种属系统发育与厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)稚贝附着关系。结果表明,所有测试海洋细菌形成微生物膜的最终密度随初始密度的增加而增加。所测海洋细菌均能不同程度地诱导厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着,其中Cobetia sp.3形成的微生物膜显示出最高诱导活性,其诱导的稚贝附着率为(70%±3%);Nautella sp.2、Pseudoalteromonas sp.9、Pseudoalteromonas sp.10、Bacillus sp.5和Pseudoalteromonas sp.11等5株细菌表现中等程度的诱导活性,其诱导的附着率范围为51%~60%。所有测试菌株所形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着均呈显著相关,尤其是Pseudoalteromonas sp.9和Cobetia sp.3诱导活性与附着率相关性极强,其相关性系数分别为0.774 1和0.723 3。系统发育分析结果表明,微生物膜密度和厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着率显著相关,然而海洋细菌诱导活性与细菌种属无关。因而,中湿度表面的海洋附着细菌对厚壳贻贝的附着有着明显的促进作用,本研究为后续开展厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着机制提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
北极微生物的分离及抗菌抗肿瘤活性筛选   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用多种培养基对北极地区(海洋沉积物、湖泊沉积物及土壤)微生物进行分离,并采用琼脂平板打孔法和MTT法进行了抗菌、抗肿瘤活性菌株的筛选.共分离极地微生物151株,筛选结果显示,12.4%的菌株有抗菌活性,6.2%菌株有抗肿瘤活性,其中3株同时具有抗菌、抗肿瘤活性,表明极地有良好的微生物药用资源.  相似文献   

8.
为认识消化道菌群结构在宿主营养代谢过程中的变化规律, 并探讨饵料菌群对其的影响, 采用 16S rDNA 高通量测序技术, 对黄条鰤(Seriola lalandi)幼鱼一个完整摄食周期内的消化道菌群结构特征进行研究, 并解析其与饵料菌群的相关性。结果显示, 乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、 鞘氨醇单胞菌属 (Sphingomonas) 、拟杆菌属 (Bacteroides) 、气单胞菌属 (Aeromonas) 、弧菌属 (Vibrio) 和 Faecalibacterium 等是黄条鰤胃、幽门盲囊和肠道的共有优势定植菌群。结合营养代谢过程中优势菌属变化规律, 将乳杆菌属、肠弧菌属(Enterovibrio)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、 Escherichia-Shigella、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、拟杆菌属、甲基单胞菌属(Methylomonas)、 链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、气单胞菌属、弧菌属、普氏菌属(Prevotella)、芽孢乳杆菌属(Sporolactobacillus)、发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)和 Faecalibacterium 作为本研究黄条鰤幼鱼消化道的核心菌群; 其中的乳杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、芽孢乳杆菌属是水产养殖中常见的潜在益生菌; 而假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、弧菌属和发光杆菌属中的部分菌株被视为潜在病原菌; 研究结果揭示了潜在益生菌与致病菌始终以动态平衡的状态定植于健康幼鱼的消化道内, 并参与宿主生理活动, 从微生态角度保障宿主健康。通过优势菌群结构演变趋势分析发现, 饵料菌群对营养代谢过程消化道菌群相对丰度的影响较大, 进一步揭示了饵料微生物安全的重要性。  相似文献   

9.
在对江苏近海海域好氧菌进行调查中,选择了ZD-B287(N119°35′E34°40′)和JC-H187(N121°53′E32°20′两个采样点,分别在春、夏、秋、冬进行了4次水样和底层表面泥层样品采集。以随机挑选的方法分离、纯化了395株海洋好氧细菌,运用16SrDNA基因序例进行鉴定。通过NCBI的BLAST检索系统进行序列同源性比较,与GenBank数据库中获得菌株的16SrDNA基因序列进行多序列匹配排列。得到13株可培养的好氧菌,分别为假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、弧菌属(Vibrio)、红细菌属(Rhodobacter)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia)、海洋单胞菌属(Marinomonas)、动性微菌属(Planomicrobium)、变形杆菌属(Proteus)、玫瑰杆菌属(Roseobacter)和交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas)。  相似文献   

10.
为研究鱼菜共生模式下不同鱼类肠道微生物的菌落结构,采用宏基因组学测序技术和生物信息学分析手段,构建了草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)4种鲤科鱼类的肠道内含物等12个样品的16S rDNA测序克隆文库,分析了这4种鲤科鱼类肠道微生物的菌落组成和多样性。结果表明,鱼菜共生模式下不同鲤科鱼类肠道内含物微生物优势菌落的组成十分相似(P0.05,Kruskal-Wallis),优势微生物菌群均是鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)和梭状芽孢杆菌属(Clostridium)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)等,其中鲸杆菌属和梭状芽孢杆菌属含量最丰富,且主要在非优势菌属之间具有显著差异(P0.05,Kruskal-Wallis),研究结果还表明食性不是造成不同食性鲤科鱼类肠道微生物菌落差异的唯一决定性因素。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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