几种常见农药对胭脂鱼幼鱼的急性毒性研究

本文采用胭脂鱼幼鱼作为测试生物。开展了氰戊菊脂、三唑磷、敌百虫对胭脂鱼幼鱼的急性毒性研究。通过试验获得了这3种农药对胭脂鱼幼鱼24h、48h、72h和96h的LC50值。其中氰戊菊脂、三唑磷、敌百虫对胭脂鱼幼鱼96h的LC50值分别为2.0μg/L，0．049mg／L，16．0mg／L。胭脂鱼幼鱼对氰戊菊脂、三唑磷、敌百虫96h安全质量浓度分别为0.2μg／L，4．9μg／L，1．60mg／L，3种农药对胭脂鱼幼鱼的毒性大小依次为氰戊菊脂、三唑磷、敌百虫。     

几种常见农药对胭脂鱼幼鱼的急性毒性研究

采用胭脂鱼幼鱼作为测试生物，开展了氰戊菊脂、三唑磷、敌百虫对胭脂鱼幼鱼的急性毒性研究。通过试验获得了这3种农药对胭脂鱼幼鱼24h、48h、72h和96h的LC50值。其中氰戊菊脂、三唑磷、敌百虫对胭脂鱼幼鱼96h的LC50值分别为2．0μg／L，0．049mg／L，16．0mg／L。胭脂鱼幼鱼对氰戊菊脂、三唑磷、敌百虫96h安全质量浓度分别为0．2μg／L，4．9μg／L，1．60mg／L，3种农药对胭脂鱼幼鱼的毒性大小依次为氰戊菊脂、三唑磷、敌百虫。     

几种常见农药对胭脂鱼幼鱼的急性毒性研究

采用胭脂鱼幼鱼作为测试生物，开展了氰戊菊脂、三唑磷、敌百虫对胭脂鱼幼鱼的急性鼋眭研究。通过试验获得了这3种农药对胭脂鱼幼鱼24小时、48小时、72小时和96小时的LC50值。其中氰戊菊脂、三唑磷、敌百虫对胭脂鱼幼鱼96小时的LC50。值分别为2．0μg/L，0．049mg／L，16．0mg／L。胭脂鱼幼鱼对氰戊菊脂、三唑磷、敌百虫96小时安全质量浓度分别为0．2μg/L，L，4．9μg／L，1．60mg／L，3种农药对胭脂鱼幼鱼的毒性大小依次为氰戊菊脂、三唑磷、敌百虫。     

几种常见农药对胭脂鱼幼鱼的急性毒性研究

本文采用胭脂鱼幼鱼作为测试生物，开展了氰戊菊酯、三唑磷、敌百虫对胭脂鱼幼鱼的急性毒性研究。通过试验获得了这3种农药对胭脂鱼幼鱼24h、48h、72h和96h的LC50值。其中氰戊菊酯、三唑磷、敌百虫对胭脂鱼幼鱼96h的LC50值分别为2．0μg／L，0．049mg／L，16．0mg／L。胭脂鱼幼鱼对氰戊菊酯、三唑磷、敌百虫96h安全质量浓度分别为0．2μg／L，4．9mg／L，1．60mg／L，3种农药对胭脂鱼幼鱼的毒性大小依次为氰戊菊酯、三唑磷、敌百虫。     

氯氰菊酯和有机磷农药对草鱼鱼种急性及联合毒性

氯氰菊酯对草鱼24、48、72、96h半致死质量浓度分别为32.82、9.92、8.12、6.51μg/L,安全质量浓度为0.65μg/L;三唑磷对草鱼24、48、72、96h半致死质量浓度分别为1.93、1.73、1.601、.50 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.15 mg/L;辛硫磷对草鱼24、48、729、6 h半致死质量浓度分别为15.34、8.88、6.12、5.74 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.57 mg/L。急性毒性顺序是:氯氰菊酯>三唑磷>辛硫磷。氯氰菊酯与三唑磷混配在24、48、72、96 h时毒性表现为拮抗;氯氰菊酯与辛硫磷混配在24 h时表现为协同,48、72、96 h时表现为拮抗;这2种农药对草鱼的联合毒性作用,都显示出随时间的延长AI逐渐增大,拮抗逐渐增强。     

硫酸铜和高锰酸钾对似刺鳊鮈幼鱼的急性毒性试验

室温条件下,用静水生物测试法,分别用硫酸铜和高锰酸钾对似刺鳊鮈幼鱼的进行急性毒性试验。结果显示,硫酸铜和高锰酸钾对似刺鳊鮈幼鱼24h的LC50值分别为0.6148mg/L和1.5987mg/L;48h的LC50值分别为0.5517mg/L和1.1637mg/L;72h的LC50值分别为0.4950mg/L和0.9906mg/L;96h的LC50值分别为0.4698mg/L和0.9828mg/L。硫酸铜和高锰酸钾对似刺鳊鮈幼鱼的安全浓度分别为0.04698mg/L和0.09828mg/L。似刺鳊鮈幼鱼对硫酸铜和高锰酸钾的耐受力:高锰酸钾>硫酸铜。似刺鳊鮈人工养殖疾病防治过程中,硫酸铜和高锰酸钾消毒药液须慎用。     

四种水产药物对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼的急性毒性试验

在溶氧(7.0±0.3)mg/L,水温(18±1)℃,pH 7.8±0.1条件下,采用国家标准半静态方式水生生物急性毒性实验法研究了高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)、敌百虫和甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤(Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus Wu et Wu)幼鱼的急性毒性试验。试验结果显示,高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂、敌百虫和甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼的24 h半致死浓度(24 h LC50)分别为4.57、2.74、8.00和54.69 mg/L,48 h半致死浓度(48 h LC50)分别为4.13、2.35、7.34和47.03 mg/L;96 h半致死浓度(96 h LC50)分别为3.37、1.92、4.76和40.44 mg/L;其安全浓度分别为1.01、0.52、1.85和10.43 mg/L。根据国家标准和本实验数据表明,甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼微毒,高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂和敌百虫对其中毒。     

Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)对厚颌鲂幼鱼的联合致毒效应研究

采用单因子静态急性毒性试验方法与加和等毒性溶液法,分别研究了Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+对厚颌鲂(M ega-lobrama pellegrini)幼鱼的急性毒性和联合毒性效应。结果显示:3种重金属离子对厚颌鲂幼鱼的毒性由强到弱依次为Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+,其中Cu2+对厚颌鲂幼鱼24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为0.54 mg/L、0.38 mg/L、0.27 mg/L、0.23 mg/L;Cd2+对厚颌鲂幼鱼24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为14.32 mg/L、8.34 mg/L、6.36 mg/L、4.44 mg/L;Zn2+对厚颌鲂幼鱼24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为21.95 mg/L、17.56 mg/L、15.33 mg/L、14.62 mg/L。Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+对厚颌鲂幼鱼的安全质量浓度分别为0.056 mg/L、0.849 mg/L、3.372 mg/L。Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+两两共存时对厚颌鲂幼鱼96 h的联合毒性效应均表现为毒性增强的协同作用。     

吡喹酮、甲苯咪唑、溴氰菊酯对花鳗鲡的急性毒性

采用静水式急性毒性试验法研究了吡喹酮、甲苯咪唑和溴氰菊酯对花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)(体重为0.87±0.19 g)的急性毒性。试验结果表明,在水温28±2℃时,吡喹酮对花鳗鲡的24 h LC50、48 h LC50、72 h LC50、96 h LC50分别为73.85 mg/L、66.71 mg/L、56.57 mg/L、52.72 mg/L,安全浓度为16.34 mg/L;甲苯咪唑对花鳗鲡的24 h LC50、48 h LC50、72 h LC50、96 h LC50分别为142.81mg/L、13.80 mg/L、5.19mg/L、1.74mg/L,安全浓度为0.023 mg/L;溴氰菊酯对花鳗鲡的24 h LC50、48 h LC50、72 h LC50、96 h LC50分别为9.56μg/L、9.34μg/L、7.69μg/L、7.67μg/L,安全浓度为2.68μg/L。吡喹酮、甲苯咪唑、溴氰菊酯对花鳗鲡分别属于低毒、中毒、剧毒药物。甲苯咪唑对花鳗鲡的安全浓度0.023 mg/L远低于欧洲鳗鲡(Anguilla anguilla)的常用浓度1～2 mg/L,因此在花鳗鲡养殖中使用甲苯咪唑制剂需十分谨慎。     

3种水产药物对鲈鲤和白甲鱼的急性毒性试验

在水温(22±1)℃、溶解氧(6.7±0.5)mg/L、pH 7.9±0.2条件下,采用静态水生生物急性毒性试验方法研究了聚维酮碘、敌百虫和氯胺T 3种水产药物对鲈鲤幼鱼[体质量(36.71±4.91)g]和白甲鱼幼鱼[体质量(21.55±4.68)g]的急性毒性。试验结果显示,聚维酮碘、敌百虫和氯胺T对鲈鲤幼鱼96h半致死质量浓度分别为65.13、2.89mg/L和10.79mg/L;安全质量浓度分别为19.76、0.89mg/L和2.96mg/L。聚维酮碘、敌百虫和氯胺T对白甲鱼幼鱼96h半致死质量浓度分别为79.95、1.49mg/L和13.62mg/L;安全质量浓度分别为24.92、0.26mg/L和3.48mg/L。3种药物对鲈鲤幼鱼和白甲鱼幼鱼的毒性大小均为敌百虫氯胺T聚维酮碘。根据有毒物质对鱼类毒性的评价标准,敌百虫对鲈鲤和白甲鱼幼鱼是中毒药物,氯胺T和聚维酮碘对其是低毒药物。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

牙鲆刺激隐核虫病的防治

2005年七、八月份,乐亭、滦南一带多家工厂化牙鲆养殖场发生刺激隐核虫病,此种病虫害发病急、传染快、死亡率高。发生过该病的养殖场牙鲆死亡率一般都在50％～80％之间,这种病害给牙鲆养殖业带来很大损失。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。