饲料中添加胆汁酸对军曹鱼生长及体组成的影响

在4组等氮等能的军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）实用饲料中分别添加不同梯度水平的胆汁酸（0,0.015%,0.030%和0.045%）,连续投喂初始体质量为（5.4±0.12）g的军曹鱼8周后,通过测定军曹鱼增重率（WGR,%）、特定生长率（SGR,%）和饲料系数（FCR）,并进行肝脏成分分析和血清分析,比较各组军曹鱼生长和体组成的影响。结果表明,添加水平为0.03%组的增重率高于对照组和0.015%添加组,饲料系数低于上述2组;军曹鱼血清胆固醇和肝脏脂肪的质量分数均与饲料中胆汁酸质量分数呈负相关;4组的成活率、特定生长率、全鱼和肌肉灰分、水分质量分数没有显著性差异。由此可见,饲料中添加胆汁酸能够促进军曹鱼的生长,并能降低脂肪在军曹鱼体内中的沉积。     

小流水池饲养长吻鱼危试验

长吻鱼危能适应坝下流水池生态环境，生长快、饲料系数低、成活率高。经２个月时间的驯养，均体重由６９７ｇ增至２９２８ｇ，相对增重率达３２０％，成活率高达９７５％，饲料系数为１２３，摄食率、饲料转化效率与室内流水池试验结果相近     

饲料中添加甜菜碱对军曹鱼生长、体营养成分和血清生化指标的影响

通过8周的养殖试验，评估了饲料中添加甜菜碱对军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）生长、体营养成分、血清生化指标和肝脏中酶活性的影响。共设计6种饲料，甜菜碱添加水平分别为0、0．05％、0．10％、0．20％、0．30％和0．40％。结果显示，添加水平为0．05％时增重率（WG）和特定生长率（SGR）最高，肝脏组织状况最好，全鱼和肌肉中蛋白质质量分数最高；添加水平超过0．20％时肥满度（cF）随甜菜碱添加量的上升而下降。各添加组的肝体比（HSI）均显著低于对照组且全鱼和肝脏中（0．10％添加组除外）的脂肪质量分数均低于对照组；血清指标中各添加组的血清甘油三酯（TG）浓度均高于对照组，但随着添加量的提高有先升后降的趋势；肝脏中谷丙转氨酶（GPT）的活性显著低于对照组。由此可见，饲料中添加适量的甜菜碱可以促进军曹鱼的生长，具有一定的降脂作用，利于脂肪代谢。     

军曹鱼幼鱼商品饲料中铁、锌适宜添加量的研究

在军曹鱼幼鱼商品饲料中添加铁100、200、300 mg/kg,添加锌30、110、190 mg/kg,共投喂56 d.试验结束时测定,军曹鱼成活率、质量增加率、红细胞含量、肌肉铁含量、骨骼铁、锌含量和肝脏铁、锌含量明显受饲料中铁、锌添加量的影响;血清碱性磷酸酶活性受铁、锌交互作用影响显著,饲料系数主要受铁锌交互作用的影响.以成活率和质量增加率为评价指标,军曹鱼幼鱼商品饲料中铁和锌适宜添加量分别为200 mg/kg和110 mg/kg.     

配合饲料养殖团头鲂鱼种试验

用菜饼、混养鱼破碎料、草食性鱼种专用料饲养团头鲂鱼种，经过150d饲养试验，饵料系数为5．09、1．44、1．36；鱼种成活率为39％、65％、76％；鱼种增重饲料成本为4．83元／kg、3．02元／kg、2．91元／kg。草食性鱼种专用营养水平高于混养鱼料，其生长速度、成活率、产量、经济效益明显优于混养鱼料。鱼体化学组成、肥满度、内脏比无显著差异。     

三种饲料养殖军曹鱼对比试验

该试验用冰鲜杂鱼、军曹鱼专用配合饲料、军曹鱼专用配合饲料添加益生菌等三种模式饲料喂养军曹鱼,观察并记录养殖效果.结果表明,使用配合饲料添加益生菌的模式饲料系数最小,益生菌能起到促进生长的作用.     

北方地区鱼类安全越冬技术措施

鱼类越冬是北方地区池塘养鱼生产中的一个重要环节，越冬期间任何一个环节失误，都会造成越冬鱼类死亡，给生产带来损失，因此保证鱼类安全越冬是池塘养鱼的关键。 一、加强秋季饲养，保证鱼体健壮 鱼在冬季主要靠体内积累的脂肪来维持生命，所以进入秋季饲养期后，首先要增加鱼饲料中的脂肪量，也就是尽一切可能让鱼长得又肥又壮，从而提高鱼的越冬成活率。实践证明，鱼的肥满度系数在２．２３时，越冬成活率为４１．１％；肥满度系数达到２．５２时，越冬成活率为９４．８％。肥满度系数提高了０．２９％，而成活率却上升了５３．７％，可…     

植酸酶在点带石斑鱼配合饲料中的应用

在植物性饲料含量分别为12．7％和32．7％的点带石斑鱼的配合饲料中按比例添加植酸酶，通过32d的养殖，与对照组相比，结果显示添加植酸酶可以促进石斑鱼的生长，提高石斑鱼的相对增重率，降低饲料系数。     

美国蓝鳃太阳鱼成鱼饲料蛋白质水平的研究

配合饲料蛋白质质量分数分别为38％、31％、43％。经55d的饲养，1号料饲料系数为1．26，每尾净增重7．25g，成活率99．7％，每1kg鱼饲料成本5．23元；2号料饲料系数为1．44，每尾净增重6．87g，成活率99．3％，每1kg鱼饲料成本4．32元；3号料饲料系数为1．18，每尾净增重7．12g，成活率99％，每1kg鱼饲料成本7．91元。蛋白质质量分数为31％的2号料经济效益明显，蛋白质利用率和蛋白质效率都较高，基本能满足美国蓝鳃太阳鱼的生长需求。     

饲料添加天蚕素抗菌肽对草鱼生长性能的影响研究

在草鱼饲料中添加天蚕素抗菌肽,选用体重为(56.25±2.26) g/尾的健康、体重相近的草鱼420尾,随机分成4组,分别在基础饲料中添加天蚕素抗菌肽0mg/kg,300mg/kg,400mg/kg,500mg/kg。试验期49天。研究结果显示,在草鱼饲料中添加天蚕素抗菌肽可提高草鱼的增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数、肥满度及成活率,综合各项指标,建议添加量为500mg/kg。     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

不同年龄细鳞鱼的繁育效果

研究了不同年龄组(3～8龄)细鳞鱼(Bachymystax lenok Pallas)亲鱼的繁育效果,分析其繁育主要技术,包括亲鱼培育、繁育技术、受精卵孵化、鱼苗培育等,结果发现,5～6龄和7～8龄细鳞鱼产卵量没有明显差异,产卵量、孵化率、出苗率均较高,繁殖效果明显好于3～4龄亲鱼。     

海口市近海渔业资源衰退的原因分析与对策建议

在分析海口市海洋渔业资源和海洋捕捞现状的基础上，提出了近海渔业资源衰退的6项原因和加快保护和修复资源的10项措施和建议。     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.