首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
秘鲁上升流对秘鲁鳀渔场的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陈芃  陈新军  雷林 《水产学报》2018,42(9):1367-1377
秘鲁鳀作为世界上产量最大的单鱼种渔业的目标种,研究秘鲁上升流对渔场的作用机制有利于人们加深秘鲁鳀渔场形成机制的理解,把握渔场状况。研究利用风场数据反演的秘鲁鳀渔场的上升流流速(upwelling velocity,UV)作为上升流的指标,同时结合港口实测渔场温度(temperature,T)和温度距平(temperature anomaly,TA)数据及秘鲁鳀的渔获数据(2005—2009年),以名义单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)作为渔场的表征,对2005—2009年秘鲁鳀渔场状况与海域上升流和水温状况的规律进行研究。结果显示,渔汛期间,渔场上升流流速(UV)在1.42×10~(–5)~7.44×10~(–5) m/s之间,温度(T)范围在16.61~19.42°C之间,渔场的温度距平(TA)范围在–1.87~1.69°C之间。利用广义可加模型(generalized additive model,GAM)分析环境因子对渔场的影响发现,模型对渔场CPUE的解释率为67%,能够较好地拟合2005—2009年渔汛期间渔场CPUE的变动趋势,各个环境因子的适宜范围分别为UV小于4.5×10~(–5) m/s;T为18.4~19.5°C;TA小于0.2°C。上升流的流速小于4.5×10~(–5) m/s时,渔场CPUE随着UV的升高而基本不变,但是上升流的流速高于4.5×10~(–5) m/s之后,渔场CPUE随着UV的升高呈现下降趋势。研究表明,秘鲁鳀渔场由适宜的海表风速、上升流流速以及上升流海域适宜水温等环境条件的共同作用而形成。  相似文献   

2.
秘鲁鳀是秘鲁最为重要的捕捞对象,也是用于鱼粉加工的重要鱼种,在秘鲁的渔业总产量中秘鲁鳀的渔获量占90%左右。  相似文献   

3.
秘鲁海洋研究所(Imarpe)的海洋学家Carmen Grados表示,海水水温的升高导致鳀鱼向南迁移。派塔(Paita)与皮斯科(Psico)之间的鳀鱼渔场已经向南转移到了奇卡马(Chicama)与皮斯科之间的海域。随着水温变暖,浮游生物减少,海洋食物链的平衡被打破,鳀鱼等中上层鱼类资源发生迁移。这对相关渔业的生产活动造成了较大影响。Grados同时澄清,海况变化及渔场转移对捕捞配额将产生多大影响暂时还不能确定。修改捕捞配额还缺乏科学依据。2012年2月中旬以  相似文献   

4.
秘鲁沿岸秘鲁鳀渔场及渔汛分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
秘鲁鳀(Engraulis ringens)是栖息于东南太平洋沿岸的小型中上层鱼类,了解秘鲁鳀渔场和渔汛的状况有助于渔情预报工作的开展进而实现资源的合理利用。利用2005~2014年秘鲁各港口的上岸量数据,以上岸量(landings)、总捕捞努力量(fishing effort)和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)为指标分析秘鲁鳀渔场分布及渔汛;结合二因素方差分析(two-factor analysis of variance)探究渔场月份和纬度上的显著性差异;利用分位数的方法,找出各年的旺汛时间。研究表明,每年的4~6月和11~12月为秘鲁鳀的主汛期;主要的捕捞区域分布在7°S~13°S;渔汛的前中期,上岸量和捕捞努力量有着明显的年间差异,而CPUE在渔汛后期年间差异明显。方差分析表明,不同月份和不同纬度对捕捞努力量[ln(effort+1)]有极显著的影响(P0.01);5月为一年中最主要的捕捞阶段。旺汛期分析表明,第一渔汛阶段的旺汛一般在5月出现,而第二渔汛阶段的旺汛一般在11月出现。研究结果有助于对秘鲁沿岸秘鲁鳀渔场及渔汛的认识。  相似文献   

5.
<正> 在过去的25年中(1965~1990),世界捕捞渔业产量稳步增长。增长过程可分为三个阶段:上升流区和近岸渔业资源的开发带来60年代捕捞产量的增长;70年代产量的增加是由于秘鲁鳀鱼资源开发的结果;浅海中上层鱼类的开发使得80年代的捕捞产量继续保持缓慢增长势头。世界渔获物的大部分来自洲际大陆架(水深浅于200米的区域。通常都在小于50米水深的水域)。而其中的大部分来自北半球基础生产力高的海区、近北极区和上升流区。  相似文献   

6.
国际     
《海洋与渔业》2014,(4):15-16
<正>秘鲁研究提高大鱿鱼捕捞限额至100万吨/年据秘鲁《经营报》报道,秘鱼新任生产部长皮耶罗称,秘鲁某些渔业船只不顾政府许可上的捕捞限制,过度进行(鳀鱼)捕捞。政府通过颁发渔业许可获得的行政收入部分应用于鱼类繁殖和人员培训,引导产业资源向其他渔产品捕捞倾斜。譬如,秘大鱿鱼当前每年捕捞量为40~50万吨,秘海洋局认为完全可以将捕捞量增加至100万吨,提交捕捞量还可起到优化相关生态  相似文献   

7.
<正>2015年秘鲁鳀鱼产量将出现恢复性上涨秘鲁产业部长Piero Ghezzi称,由于秘鲁南部海域的鳀鱼资源量开始恢复,这一海域的鳀鱼捕捞预计将从4月底或5月初开始。由于今年秘鲁海域没有出现厄尔尼诺现象,2015年秘鲁国内渔业将会得到恢复,鳀鱼产量也将出现增长。Piero Ghezzi称:"我们仍然在等待秘鲁海洋  相似文献   

8.
秘鲁渔业部公告称,2012年的第二个鳀鱼捕捞汛期,鳀鱼捕捞配额比去年同期大幅减少,今年由秘鲁渔业部设定的第二汛期最大允许捕捞量为81万吨,与去年同期的250万吨相比减少68%,为近10年来的最低水平。减少捕捞配额的原因是由于秘鲁沿海地区的鳀鱼资源状况不佳,今年多数月份,秘鲁鳀鱼捕捞产量同比出现下滑。秘鲁的鳀鱼捕捞今年的第二汛期将于11月22日开始,汛期分为2个阶段,第一阶段为11月22日至12月31日,捕捞配额为41万吨,第二阶段为2013年1月1日至1月31日,捕捞配额为40万吨。  相似文献   

9.
正据秘鲁国家统计和信息研究所公布的数据显示,2017年第一季度秘鲁渔业产量上涨了37.9%。这表明尽管不利的气候现象影响了沿海地区,但是捕捞渔业仍然在强劲复苏。其中仅3月份用于人类食用的鳀鱼捕捞量同比增长了100%,达到59737吨。目前鳀鱼的捕捞量已  相似文献   

10.
<正> 鳀鱼一般为鳀属鱼类的通称,是一种分布很广,集群性很高的中上层小型鱼类,在世界渔业中占有重要的地位,历年来,鳀属鱼类产量占世界水产品产量10~20%。其产量最高是秘鲁,年产量一般都在500~700万  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号