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1.
枸杞岛海藻场小型无脊椎动物的食物来源   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
摘 要 枸杞岛近岸海藻场生态系统内浮游动物、端足类、多毛类和棘皮动物等小型无脊椎动物是海藻场食物网的重要组成部分,承担了将初级生产者的能量产出向高级消费者传递转移的功能。为了探明桡足类、太平洋磷虾、中国毛虾、短毛海鳞虫、厚壳贻贝、角蝾螺、紫海胆、钩虾、麦秆虫、海绵和钩虾幼体等海藻场内主要小型无脊椎动物的能量来源,本研究应用稳定同位素技术分析海藻场食物网内这些小型无脊椎动物及其潜在食源浮游植物、大型海藻、底栖微藻等初级生产者的碳、氮稳定同位素组成,并用IsoSource多源线性混合模型来估算不同的初级生产者对小型无脊椎动物的食源贡献率。结果表明,初级生产者的δ13C值介于-21.7‰~-13.8‰之间,δ15N值介于2.3‰~11.6‰之间。初级生产者SOM、浮游植物、POM、铜藻的δ13C值无显著的季节差异(P>0.05),附生生物、孔石莼和底栖微藻的δ13C值有明显的季节变化(P<0.05)。在所有的初级生产者中,仅附生生物的δ15N值有极显著的季节差异,其余种类的季节变化不显著。小型无脊椎动物的δ13C值介于-20.3‰~-15.4‰之间,δ15N值介于2.5‰~8.1‰之间。在所有的小型无脊椎动物中,仅桡足类的δ13C、δ15N值有显著的季节变化(P<0.05),其余的小型无脊椎动物的δ13C、δ15N值都无显著的季节变化(P>0.05)。基于IsoSource模型分析发现,浮游植物和POM等是桡足类、太平洋磷虾和中国毛虾等浮游动物以及海绵的主要食源;钩虾幼体和麦秆虫等啃食性端足类主要以附着微藻为食;大型海藻和底栖微藻是钩虾、紫海胆和角蝾螺等底栖生物的主要能量来源。  相似文献   

2.
岛礁海藻场沉积有机物来源辨析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
海藻场的沉积有机物(sedimentary organic matter,SOM)是实现海藻场生态系统服务功能的重要物质基础,本实验以枸杞岛北部海藻场为研究区域,围绕大型海藻周年生活史的幼苗生长、成熟茂盛和衰退凋亡3个阶段,于2014年7月凋亡期、2014年10月生长期和2015年5月茂盛期对海藻场的SOM进行样品采集,并运用碳、氮稳定同位素技术,以C/N、δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N为指标分析了SOM的来源及变化。结果显示,1)7月、10月和翌年5月的SOM C/N的变化范围分别为5.9~6.6、6.0~6.9和5.4~6.2,可判定海藻场SOM是典型的海源性来源;2)7月不同水深的SOMδ~(13)C值空间变化明显,介于–20.3‰~–17.6‰,而10月和翌年5月都不显著,分别介于–22.3‰~–21.7‰和–21.4‰~–21.0‰;3)SOM的δ~(13)C值存在时间变化,而7月δ~(13)C值存在不同水深的空间变化;4)δ~(13)C、δ~(15)N和C/N之间的关系表明,7月SOM主要来源于浮游植物和大型海藻的混合贡献,而10月和翌年5月SOM则主要来源于浮游植物贡献;5)根据碳稳定同位素质量平衡混合模型计算得到,7月大型海藻对该海藻场SOM的平均贡献率最高可达53.71%;6)大型海藻产生的碎屑在SOM占比受波浪等海域动力环境影响显著。  相似文献   

3.
枸杞岛海藻场角蝾螺夏季摄食选择性及其生态学意义   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
于2013年夏季对枸杞岛海藻场螺类优势种角蝾螺进行了稳定同位素、摄食选择性、消化代谢物粒径等系列实验.稳定同位素结果显示,角蝾螺是牧食性生物,在藻场中的营养级为2.12,属初级消费者,底栖海藻是角蝾螺的主要食源,贡献率为94.5%;摄食选择性实验结果显示,角蝾螺具有较宽的摄食选择,能够摄食海带、铜藻、粗枝软骨藻等1 1种大型藻类,其中铜藻及蜈蚣藻是枸杞岛潮下带的重要优势种;消化代谢物实验结果显示,角蝾螺的啃食作用能为藻场碎屑提供增量,角蝾螺对海藻场碎屑的增量为(0.016 ~0.094)g/d,经过啃食及消化作用产生的碎屑主要粒级为1Φ(> 250 μm).稳定同位素分析—摄食选择偏好实验—螺类消化代谢物粒径分析的系列研究表明,角蝾螺在枸杞岛海藻场的群落食物网中,可以起到连接牧食食物链和碎屑食物链的重要作用.  相似文献   

4.
夏艳芳  章守宇  王凯  徐鹏  李娜  李训猛 《水产学报》2023,47(3):039307-039307
岛礁水域海藻场是近岸海域典型的生态系统,大型海藻分解产生的碎屑是海藻场生态功能的重要基础。为探究大型海藻碎屑对海藻场生态功能潜在规模的贡献,本研究以枸杞岛海藻场孔石莼和舌状蜈蚣藻为对象,通过现场挂袋实验和室内静水沉降测试,分析了两种海藻碎屑的组分、粒径和沉降特征。结果显示,分解过程中舌状蜈蚣藻和孔石莼的碎屑密度均逐渐减小,且各自在不同分解时期无显著差异。舌状蜈蚣藻碎屑中有机C含量和有机N含量对密度变化影响不显著,孔石莼碎屑中有机C含量对密度没有显著影响,而有机N含量对密度有显著影响。孔石莼碎屑的δ13C和δ15N对其密度有显著影响,舌状蜈蚣藻碎屑的密度只受δ13C影响。两种海藻碎屑的密度都受木质素含量的显著影响,受纤维素含量的影响不显著。粒径是两种海藻碎屑沉降速度的决定性要素之一,研究表明,舌状蜈蚣藻大型碎屑(粒径>0.830 mm)、中型碎屑(0.380~0.830 mm)和小型碎屑(0.180~0.380mm)的沉降速度分别为0.016~0.023、0.008~0.015和0.004~0.005 m/s,孔石莼...  相似文献   

5.
根据2017年夏季和2018年冬季于大亚湾海域进行的底拖网渔业生物调查,该研究采用碳、氮稳定同位素(δ~(13)C、δ~(15)N)技术,分析了大亚湾渔业生物的δ~(13)C、δ~(15)N基本特征,构建了连续营养级谱,并探讨了不同季节渔业生物营养结构的差异。结果显示,大亚湾海域渔业生物的δ~(13)C介于-19.66‰~-15.19‰,均值为(-17.26±0.86)‰;δ~(15)N介于11.63‰~16.01‰,均值为(13.59±0.96)‰。以小型浮游动物的δ~(15)N平均值作为基准构建渔业生物营养级谱,发现大亚湾海域渔业生物的营养级介于2.99~4.28,鱼类的营养级跨度最广,食性较复杂。运用SIBER模型计算了渔业生物的7个营养结构量化指标,发现部分生物摄食共同的饵料,存在生态位重叠现象。此外,夏季群落营养冗余度比冬季低。  相似文献   

6.
本研究对2016年6月在天津大神堂3个礁区(2010年建成的鱼礁区;2012年建成的鱼礁区;2014年建成的鱼礁区)和对照区域采集的生物消费者及其食物源样品的碳、氮稳定同位素组成进行了分析,通过IsoSource模型计算不同区域生物的食物网基础,并利用氮稳定同位素数据计算消费者的营养级。结果显示,根据δ13C值可以将其食物源分为浮游植物、悬浮颗粒有机物(POM)和沉积相颗粒有机物(SOM)三类;浮游植物对消费者的碳源贡献率(67.2%~81.5%)最大,是大神堂海域的生物食物网的基础。不同区域同一食物源的δ13C和δ15N值没有显著性差异;礁区内滤食性贝类毛蚶(Arca subcrenata)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)和长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的δ13C值显著高于对照区,作为潜在碳源的浮游植物对其的贡献率显著增加。消费者的δ15N值则介于7.70‰~14.34‰之间,消费者的营养级介于2.0~3.95级之间。游泳生物食性生物的δ15N和营养级在礁区内有所提高,礁区建成的年份越长,其营养级与对照区域的差别越显著。稳定同位素研究表明,人工鱼礁建设可能导致鱼礁区内滤食性生物的食物来源组成改变,并提高游泳生物食性生物的营养级。  相似文献   

7.
依据2009年夏季和2010年春季东海北部及其邻近水域的底拖网渔业资源调查样品,利用稳定同位素生态位的方法分析该海域内主要游泳动物营养结构的季节变化,并根据δ~(13)C-δ~(15)N的二维坐标计算了6个营养结构的量化指标。结果表明,东海北部及其邻近水域主要游泳动物的δ~(13)C值存在显著的季节差异(P0.05),δ~(15)N值无显著差异(P0.05);稳定同位素的量化指标结果表明,游泳动物群落的营养结构存在季节差异,与2009年夏季相比,2010年春季的δ~(15)N比值范围(NR)、δ~(13)C比值范围(CR)、面积(TA)、平均离心距离(CD)均有所升高,而最邻近距离平均值(NND)、最邻近距离标准差(SDNND)值相对持平或略有下降。本研究结果表明,东海北部及其邻近水域主要游泳动物营养结构的季节差异与群落内食源多样性水平和营养冗余程度的变化密切相关。  相似文献   

8.
为了探究大型植物马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)和颗粒有机物质(Particulate organic matter,POM)对湖泊主要污染源的指示作用,在贡湖湾选取14个样点,采集马来眼子菜和POM样品,分析其碳、氮稳定同位素的变化。结果显示,马来眼子菜和POM有相似的δ~(15)N值趋势,都是随着离入湖口距离越远,其δ~(15)N值逐渐增加,马来眼子菜的δ~(15)N值为10.8‰~14.1‰,POM的δ~(15)N值为6.69‰~14.1‰;而马来眼子菜的δ~(13)C值随着离入湖口距离越远有下降趋势,变化范围为-17.6‰~-14.5‰;POM的δ~(13)C值则有增加趋势,变化范围为-26.9‰~-24.6‰。马来眼子菜较高的δ~(15)N值指示了人类生活污水来源的氮,表明贡湖湾的主要污染源为生活污水。相关分析表明,水中总溶解磷(TDP)与马来眼子菜的δ~(15)N值有明显的负相关关系,总氮(TN)与POM的δ~(15)N、δ~(13)C值则呈很好的正相关关系;而POM的N占比和底泥的δ~(15)N值分别与POM的δ~(15)N值有明显的正相关性。研究表明,马来眼子菜和POM的δ~(15)N、δ~(13)C值能够指示太湖贡湖湾的主要污染源。  相似文献   

9.
应用同位素分析黑龙江中游主要鱼类营养层次   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2010年5月—2011年10月对黑龙江中游采集的32种鱼类和6种底栖无脊椎动物,运用稳定碳、氮同位素方法进行水生态营养层次的分析。结果显示,鱼类δ13C值为-32.00‰~-17.32‰,相差14.68‰;δ15N值为7.58‰~14.78‰,差值达6.80‰,跨度都很大。底栖无脊椎动物δ13C值和δ15N值的跨度不大,δ13C值为-29.64‰~-26.10‰,相差3.54‰;δ15N值为7.09‰~9.91‰,相差2.82‰。通过δ15N值计算出黑龙江中游32种主要鱼类和6种底栖无脊椎动物食物网营养层次,其中肉食性鱼类鳇(Huso dauricus)占据了黑龙江中游鱼类中最高的营养位置。通过分析初步建立了水体食物网连续营养谱,并结合底栖无脊椎动物同位素数据勾勒出黑龙江中游食物网营养结构图。  相似文献   

10.
薛彬  蒋日进  王凯  梁君  徐开达  李振华 《水产学报》2017,41(9):1415-1423
为获知褐菖鲉的食性,本研究应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术分析了不同季节和发育阶段褐菖鲉的摄食习性,并评估了浮游动物、端足类、虾蟹类和小型鱼类等饵料生物对褐菖鲉的营养贡献。结果显示,枸杞岛近岸海域4个季节褐菖鲉的δ~(13)C值为–18.2‰~–14.7‰,平均值为–15.6‰;δ~(15)N值为3.3‰~9.9‰,平均值为7.9‰;单因素方差分析显示,褐菖鲉的δ~(13)C值和δ~(15)N值在不同季节之间差异都不显著,说明不同季节之间褐菖鲉的食性差异不大。对褐菖鲉全长和碳、氮稳定同位素比值进行线性回归分析,显示其δ~(13)C值和δ~(15)N值随全长变化都极显著,表明不同发育阶段褐菖鲉的食性差异极显著。聚类分析将不同全长的褐菖鲉分为3组,其中0~19 mm为一组,20~79和80~109 mm为一组,110~199 mm为一组,ANOSIM分析3组之间的差异极显著。褐菖鲉的δ~(13)C值与虾蟹类和鱼类等饵料类群δ~(13)C值较接近,应用Iso Source软件分析饵料类群的营养贡献时发现,麦秆虫对褐菖鲉的的营养贡献均值最大,为22.3%,鱼类、虾蟹类等饵料类群的营养贡献均值都超过了12%。枸杞岛近岸海域褐菖鲉的平均营养级为3.18,属于低级肉食性鱼类,主要摄食麦秆虫、鱼类和虾蟹类,是底栖动物食性,而非浮游动物食性。  相似文献   

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Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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